实施顶部注气的重力驱油藏,随着不断周期性注气,油气界面下移,在生产前中期,不可避免地造成井筒气窜.针对此问题,提出通过套管放气达到井筒"气液分疏、控气采液"的举升工艺思路.为了掌握举升工艺中产出气在井筒中的运动规律及流动状态及气体对抽油泵的影响,采用套管放气来判断在井筒中能否形成稳定气液界面,并开展了井筒可视化模拟实验.结果表明:在套管定量放气且油管鞋位置始终处于产层以下条件下,能够实现一段时间内稳定生产.研究结果可用于指导实施顶部注气重力驱油藏原油的开采.

为了确定地层高温高压环境下油气混合气的安全氧含量,避免在采油过程中形成可燃性混合气体引发燃烧或者爆炸事故,保证注空气采油工艺过程的安全性,设计了1种测试地层高温高压环境下油气混合气体安全氧含量的实验装置;通过对采油现场井筒内的气体进行取样分析,选取一定组分的混合气体,在理论分析的基础上,对混合气体分别在1,5,10 MPa和40,120℃条件下的安全氧含量进行了实验研究,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:随着温度和压力的升高,安全氧含量逐渐降低;在地层高温高压环境下所测得的安全氧含量要远低于常温常压下的理论估算值;在10 MPa,120℃时达到8.27％,很大程度上增加了采油工艺过程的危险性.

针对目前油田油井增产措施评价模式的不足,运用技术经济学原理和AHP层次分析法,增加了现值指数、净现值率动态经济评价指标,从增产效果、盈亏平衡和盈利效率3个层面建立了油井措施综合评价体系.应用该指标体系,对华北油田某区块实施的油井压裂、卡堵水和大修措施进行了综合评价.结果表明,所建立的油井措施综合评价体系对措施的评价更为全面、深入,分析结果符合实际,可为油井措施增产规划结构优化提供较好的参考.

气顶油藏型地下储气库建设及运行在我国刚刚起步,尚缺乏现场实用的运行注采动态分析与预测方法.为此,根据气顶注采气过程中气相与油相的压力响应特征,引入了周期可变动用剩余油量与地层压力的关系,真实还原了剩余油量在注采气过程中对地下储气库运行的影响,建立了周期注采气动态预测数学模型,得到了一个完整注采周期内气顶自由气、地层剩余油的动用量以及与之相对应的库容参数预测指标.实例计算结果表明:①一方面,周期可动用剩余油量对气顶自由气动用量的影响不能忽略,可动剩余油的弹性作用使气顶内部压力响应特征产生了较为复杂的改变,有可能导致气顶油藏型地下储气库建库周期较气藏型地下储气库长:②另一方面,随着注采周期的延长,储气库内动用自由气、剩余油的动用量逐步增长,但趋势渐缓,从而使注入气向剩余油溶解扩散造成的损耗气量始终保持在较低水平,不会对储气库的稳定运行造成负面影响.

针对目前油井措施评价模式的不足,运用技术经济学原理和AHP层次分析法,增加了现值指数、净现值率动态经济评价指标,从增产效果、盈亏平衡和盈利效率3个层面建立了油井措施综合评价体系.应用该指标体系,对华北油田某区块实施的油井压裂、酸化、卡堵水和大修措施进行了综合评价.结果表明,所建立的油井措施综合评价体系对措施的评价更为全面、深入,分析结果符合实际,可为油井措施增产规划结构优化提供较好的参考.

注采气能力预测是地下储气库安全运行的核心技术之一,其预测值的准确与否直接影响到上游气田和整个天然气管网的调配生产以及下游用户的用气安全。为此,基于有水气藏型地下储气库多周期注采运行规律,根据地下储气库多周期运行盘库分析方法,利用地下储气库盘库库容参数的定义,通过一系列的数学推导,创建了地下储气库多周期运行注采气能力预测数学模型及预测方法。实例应用结果表明:①该模型预测结果与地下储气库实际运行结果十分接近,预测模型适用性较好、预测精度高;②通过地下储气库多周期运行动态分析并准确把握库容参数未来变化趋势,能够合理预测及评价地下储气库多周期运行注采气能力的变化。目前该方法应用于已建地下储气库注采气能力预测及优化配产配注中,现场应用效果较好,为进一步提高地下储气库运行效率、降低储气成本提供了技术支持。

Providing the development beneift of oil and gas ifeld is a system engineering project, which not only depends on the various cost control methods during operation process, the enhance technology of operation efifciency for equipment and system and optimization technology of development program, but also closely relates to wellbore full life cycle management from well establishing to well completion. Aiming at the existing management mode, some problems were analyzed in this paper including a series of develop-ment contradictions caused by link disconnection among well establishing, well completion and well usage and a large number of late repair workload and costs. Form the view of wellbore full life cycle management, the demand-oriented drilling and production integra-tion control mode was proposed, which is helpful to establish the organic connection between construction and usage.

针对近年来极端天气增多,亟需提高储气库瞬时调峰能力的事实,应用产量不稳定分析方法,分析B储气库采气动态数据,获得单井渗流特诊曲线与井控储层参数,并验证了方法的适用性和结果的可靠性,分析7口采气井渗流特诊曲线的趋势与变化时刻,划分4个渗流供给区域,解释了渗流区域存在的可能性与意义,提出了以供给区域为单位分析储气库的瞬时调峰能力的建议.

With the large-scale application of the development technology for horizontal well,its production management at later stage,especially some wells with low production,how to manage them is facing a decisive problem.Before taking the measurement,carrying out scientifically an evaluation about the production increment potential to the horizontal wells can improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the technological measures,and effectively reduce the risk of measures.Therefore,on basis of the analysis to the influential factors on horizontal well production,the paper chooses 16 evaluation indexes which are connected with the potential in a high degree,uses membership function to quantify the indexes,and establishes a potential evaluation method to fuzzy hierarchy of horizontal well.Examples show that this method can quantify horizontal well production potential size and provides theoretical basis for the well selection of production increment measurement for horizontal well.

The percolation mechanism of an underground gas storage(UGS) built on a water-drive sandstone gas reservoir is unique and complex,which decides the injection-production effect of multi-period operation of the UGS.This paper hereby performs several rounds of gas-water drive physical simulation,studies the characteristics of gas-water percolation mechanism,analyzes the changing rules of the availability of reservoir pore space,and reveals the main influencing factors for the UGS construction and operation.The experiment results show that for the long-term injection-production operation at the UGS,the water percolation ability is relatively enhanced,accordingly the edge water migration becomes increasingly active,a great deal of residual air and irreducible water appears at the reservoir pore space,gas percolating resistance increases relatively,the UGS expansion and injection-production efficiency are both badly affected.In addition,the edge water migration results in large died gas zones,which results in the worse utilization effect of the reservoir pore space,the lower degree of the availability of the UGS space,and the availability degree of reservoir pore space being 40%-70%.Besides,more attention should be paid to the water content of a reservoir during the construction and operation of this type of UGS built on a water-drive sandstone gas reservoir and appropriate measures should be taken to reduce negative effects caused by water invasion on the operation of the UGS.

2002年世界一次能源消费从2001年的91.65亿吨油当量增至94.05亿吨油当量,增长了2.6%.世界石油供应略大于需求,大多数地区汽油消费量有所增长,燃料油消费量有较大幅度下降;天然气需求复苏,需求略大于供应;煤炭消费增长最为强劲,达到6.9%(主要归因于中国煤炭消费的激增);核电和水电消费分别增长了1.6%和1.3%.中国一次能源消费猛增19.7%,成为拉动世界能源消费增长的最强大"引擎".2002年中国一次能源消费呈现以下三大特点:(1)能源消费增长量占全球一次能源消费增长总量的68.5%;(2)石油消费量超过日本,从而使中国已成为仅次于美国的世界第二大石油消费国;(3)煤炭消费量继1999年连续三年下滑后出现巨幅反弹,较2001年增长了27.9%,中国超过美国,重新成为世界第一大煤炭消费国.