采用健康教育的方式对某钢厂工人代谢综合征的知晓率实施干预，进而对干预前后知晓率的变化情况进行评价，以求为制定针对钢厂工人代谢综合征的防治方法提供依据。本研究采用分层整群抽样的方法选取某钢厂中一厂和二厂的的工人各280人作为实验组和对照组，由统一培训的调查员采用自行设计的调查表对两组工人进行面对面的基线问卷调查，并对实验组进行6个月的健康教育，对照组不进行任何干预措施。

本研究以某钢铁公司职工肺炎患者作为研究对象，进行回顾性调查，为了了解钢铁职工肺炎的流行现状及影响因素，并提出相应的预防措施。

目的 了解钢铁工人与代谢综合征相关的生活方式和行为习惯,开展综合干预措施并对其效果进行评价,为进一步开展职业人群慢性病的防治工作提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法选取某钢铁集团轧钢厂参加职业健康体检的工人作为研究对象.采用面对面问卷调查的方式进行基线调查和干预后调查,通过比较干预前后工人行为的改变进行效果评价.数据使用Epi Data 3.1录入、SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析.结果 共干预450人,干预后工人饮酒率由44.3％降至31.3％,参加体育锻炼的工人由15.4％增加到42.1％ (P ＜0.01).常吃蔬菜、水果、蛋类和奶制品的工人分别由干预前的82.8％、54.1％、55.2％、15.4％增加至干预后的90.5％、61.5％、64.9％、25.9％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).工人的收缩压水平由干预前的(131.58±15.97)下降至干预后的(123.06 ±15.67),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).干预前后工人在吸烟、嗜盐、常吃豆制品和粗粮、BMI以及舒张压水平上的改变未见统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 结合讲座、宣传和个体指导的综合干预方式在一定程度上有利于钢铁工人良好生活方式的养成,仍需要进一步加以改进和完善.

Objective To develop pneumoconiosis patient's self-management scale and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The basic framework of the scale items was built through literature review and semi-structured interview procedure,then the items pool of the scale was revised by 60 experts and were selected to evaluate entries using Delphi method.And scale items were screened according to average,full marks ratio and coefficient of variation,in the end the reliability and validity of scale was evaluated.Results The positive coefficient of experts was 91.6%,and the mean of the expert authority score was0.81.The scale which included 44 items was made up of 7dimensionality after screening,symptom management(6),knowledge management(3),unhealthy habits management(3),compliance management(6),daily life management(10),emotion management(5),and self-efficacy(11).The whole scale's Cronbach a was0.945,the split-half reliability was 0.901.correlation coefficient was between 0.265 and 0.916(P 0.05).Conclusions The self-management scale of patients with pneumoconiosis has good reliability,validity and can be applied in practice.

目的 探讨倒班与高温作业工人生命质量的关系,为建立合理的倒班制度提供理论依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法选择2013年3月-6月某钢厂参加职业健康检查的782名工人进行面对面问卷调查,问卷包括一般情况及SF-36生命质量调查量表两部分.一般情况包括性别、出生日期、身高、体质量、血压、婚姻状况、文化程度等;SF-36量表包括生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康感(GH)、生命活力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)和精神健康(MH)8个维度,概括成生理健康(PCS)和心理健康(MCS)2个领域方面.采用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果 高温组PF、RP、GH、VT、SF和RE 6个维度的得分均低于非高温组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).调整年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、血压、工龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭收入、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、噪声、粉尘、CO等因素后,倒班对高温作业工人的生命质量的RP、GH、SF、RE、MH等维度及PCS、MCS、总评分有影响(P＜0.05).结论 倒班与高温作业工人的生命质量有关.

[Objective] To analyze the awareness and determinants of occupational health service(OHS) in steelworkers so as to provide scientific evidence for establishing OHS training models according to the characteristics of steel workers. [Methods]A total of 981 steelworkers were selected by cluster sampling method during March-June of 2011, and they were interviewed faceto-face via questionnaires to collect general information, awareness and demand of OHS. [Results] The awareness rate of occupational disease, OHS, and Law on Prevention and Control of Occupation Diseases in the 981 steelworkers were 82.2%, 52.1%, and 50.4% respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed the type of work was a determinant of OHS awareness. More than 90% of the interviewed steelworkers presented demand for emergency facilities, regular physical examinations, and safety operation trainings. [Conclusion] The awareness rate of OHS is low in the steelworkers; however, there is a high demand for OHS. The awareness of OHS in the steelworkers is associated with type of work, and therefore, the employers should carry out flexible OHS trainings according to the characteristics of various types of work.

Objective To study the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension,to explore their correlation with occupational factors and to provide criteria for prevention and control of hypertension among coal miners.Methods 1566 underground miners of Qianjiaying mine of Kailuan Group were selected from April to May in 2011 by a cluster sampling.All the subjects were given questionnaire survey and physical examination.Results Among 1566 underground miners the prevalence of prehypertension was 37.1% and the prevalence of hypertension was 52.8%.The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with the increase of age and length of service.The prevalence of hypertension raised with the increase of age and length of service.The hypertension prevalence of excavation workers was the highest, and that of underground auxiliary workers was the lowest.The prevalence of hypertension of three shifts workers was higher than that of two shifts workers.The prevalence of hypertension of morning shifts was higher than that of afternoon shifts.The prevalence of hypertension of working≥ 8 hours was higher than that of working≤ 8 hours.Conclusions Working shift pattern is the risk factors of both prehypertension and hypertension.Lengths of service and job category are also hazardous to hypertension.

心理护理是在护理过程中,护士运用心理学理论和技能通过各种方式和途径积极地影响患者的心理状态,以达到较理想护理目的的方法.但目前对心理护理的理解存在误区.

护理美学是护理科学的一个重要组成部分,它是将美学基本理论应用于护理实践的一门新兴的边缘科学,有着极其广泛的应用价值和研究价值[1].在妇科护理工作中,我们应运用美学知识,提高护理水平和自身修养,为患者提供人性化服务,让患者在治疗的过程中感受到美,欣赏到美,从而促进了患者身心健康的恢复,收到了良好的效果.