目的:探讨静态调强放射治疗(sIMRT)、容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)和螺旋断层放射治疗(HT)在局部晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗中的剂量学特点.方法:选取医院收治的12例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,分别制定sIMRT、VMAT和HT计划.在满足相同处方剂量要求的情况下,评估靶区受量、危及器官(OAR)受量,并比较3种计划的正常组织剂量分布和总机器跳数(MU).结果:3种计划剂量分布均可满足临床剂量要求.靶区受量中,HT、VMAT的近似最大剂量(D2)、均匀度(HI)和适形度(CI)优于sIMRT,差异有统计学意义(F=21.334,F=62.043,F=11.17;P<0.05);VMAT与HT在鼻咽部原发癌及颈转移淋巴结计划靶区(PGTV)和计划靶区1(PTV1)中差异较小并无统计学意义,而在计划靶区2(PTV2)中,HT计划的D2、HI及CI要显著优于sIMRT和VMAT,差异有统计学意义(F=12.659,F=185.259,F=16.28;P<0.05).OAR受量中,与sIMRT和VMAT相比,HT计划脑干1 cm3体积剂量(D1cm3)和眼晶状体的最大剂量(Dmax)有所降低,差异有统计学意义(F=12.306,F=12.271;P<0.05);视神经Dmax,口腔、耳蜗及甲状腺的平均剂量(Dmean)均有所升高,差异有统计学(F=12.67,F=13.197,F=766.6,F=5.399;P<0.05);HT计划腮腺的Dmean相对于sIMRT和VMAT明显降低(F=4.36,F=8.205;P<0.05),且HT在保护腮腺的低剂量体积(V10～V20)更有优势.对于正常组织(NT),HT的受量相对于sIMRT和VMAT明显升高,差异有统计学意义(F=5.316,F=21.846,F=31.706,F=13.335,P<0.05).VMAT在机器跳数和治疗时间上明显优于sIMRT和HT,差异有统计学意义(F=315.2,F=79.301;P<0.05).结论:HT在局部晚期鼻咽癌的治疗中对复杂靶区的调制能力更有优势,有更好的靶区适形度和均匀度;VMAT在提供较好剂量分布的同时,治疗效率最高;sIMRT仅在保护视神经、视交叉方面有着较好的优势,可根据临床实际情况选择合适的治疗计划.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Moreover, exploring efficient tumor-killing drugs is urgently needed. In our study, several derivative compounds of myricetin were synthesized and tested. Experiments on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed that S4-2-2 (5,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-(methyl(1-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)butoxy)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one) had the strongest effect on A549 cell inhibition across all compounds. Furthermore, S4-2-2-treated A549 cells were also suppressed when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Particularly, we found that the migration and invasiveness of A549 cells became suppressed upon treatment with S4-2-2. Furthermore, the compound significantly induced cell apoptosis, but did not affect the cell cycle of A549 cells. Finally, we revealed that S4-2-2 inhibited the biological function of NSCLC cells by regulating the protein process in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then by inducing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Taken together, S4-2-2 was shown to act as a potential molecular inhibitor of A549 cells.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with chemoradiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods:37 patients orally received apatinib at 250 mg/d during concurrent chemoradiotherapy until completion of radiotherapy, complete remission assessed by imaging examination, the onset of unacceptable toxicity or death. Baseline characteristics, objective response rates (ORR) and adverse events were assessed in all enrolled patients with complete baseline and safety data. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were statistically identified using Cox regression models.Results:The ORR was 85%(95% CI: 72%-98%). The median PFS was 17.9 months and the 2-year OS rate was 62%(95% CI: 48%-80%). Ineffective short-term efficacy ( HR=0.035, 995% CI: 0.02-0.652, P=0.025) was an independent risk factor for poor OS. In addition, ineffective short-term efficacy ( HR=0.104, 95% CI: 0.017-0.633, P=0.014) and lymphocytopenia ( HR=17.539, 95% CI: 2.040-150.779, P=0.009) were independent risk factors for poor PFS. Common adverse events (>60%) included lymphocytopenia (76%), leukopenia (68%) and irradiation-induced mucosal injury (65%). The most common treatment-associated grade 3 adverse event was lymphopenia (49%). Conclusions:Apatinib combined with chemoradiotherapy yield significant anti-tumor activity for HNSCC with controllable toxicity. For patients with advanced HNSCC, short-term efficacy and lymphocytopenia may be potential predictors for clinical efficacy of apatinib combined with chemoradiotherapy.

Background : With continued improvement in radiotherapy technology, hypofractionated radiotherapy has helped achieve good results in the local control and toxicity of pulmonary oligometastases. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of radiotherapy and the prognostic factors that affect survival in patients with pulmonary oligometastases who undergo helical tomotherapy (TOMO) hypofractionated radiotherapy. Methods : Ninety pulmonary oligometastases in 40 patients (26 males, 14 females; median age 57 years) were retrospectively investigated and treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy in the Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College during 2018-2020. Their Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was ≥70 points. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and progression-free survival (PFS), and we determine the related influencing factors. Results : The median gross tumor volume (GTV) and planning target volume (PTV) were 9.7 cm³ (range 1.1–287.0 cm³) and 56.9 cm³ (range 16.3–494.2 cm³), respectively, the median biological effective dose, α/β=10 (BED10), was 76.8 Gy (range 56-96 Gy), and four-dimensional computed tomography positioning was applied to 52.5% of the patients. All patients completed the treatment plan during a median follow-up of 16.1 months (range 4.9–33.3 months). The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 90.3% and 55.2%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 80.8% and 64.7%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year PFS rates were 47.3% and 28.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that colorectal primary (p=0.004), age >57 years (p=0.037), and number of organ metastases ≥2 (p=0.046) were associated with OS, whereas disease-free interval (DFI) ≤17.4 months (p=0.032), number of lung metastases≥2 (p=0.049), and PTV >56.9 cm³ (p=0.041) were associated with LC; and number of metastatic organs ≥2 (p=0.015) was independently associated with PFS. In multivariate analysis, colorectal cancer (p=0.010) and age >57 years (p=0.009) were significantly associated with OS. No > grade 3 toxic reaction. Conclusions : The median OS, LC, and PFS rates of TOMO hypofractionated radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases were 24.9, 25.9, and 11.8 months, respectively, showing that good survival rates and low toxicity could still be achieved using the medium dose.