Considering the stagnant hydrodynamics and limited oxygen transfer characteristic of isolated or partially isolated aquatic systems, as well as the low oxygen flux and inadequate microbial attachment surfaces in traditional floating wetlands, three configurations of floating constructed wetlands were developed: (1) plant-only system, (2) plant-fiber matrix system, and (3) plant-fiber-aeration integrated system. The plant-fiber-aeration integrated system exhibited superior removal efficiencies for BOD5 (67.4 %), TN (70.7 %), and TP (61.7 %) compared to the plant-based and plant-fiber matrix systems at the reactive equilibrium. Despite of the influent fluctuation and seasonal change, the integrated system consistently maintained better effluent quality and highest pollutant removal rate. Furthermore, aeration significantly reduced turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentrations. After treatment with the integrated system, turbidity decreased from 35.3 NTU to 8.7 NTU, and chlorophyll-a removal reached 69.6 %. Therefore, the integration of fibers and aeration offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach to addressing the limitations of traditional floating constructed wetlands, enhancing pollutant removal capacity and supporting long-term system stability.

The old gob, as a potential CO2 geological storage reservoir, has huge storage potential. To clarify the distribution characteristics and storage capacity of CO2 in the old gob after different well deployment schemes, this study, based on the actual geological conditions of the old gob in the Huainan mining area, uses the COMSOL software to numerically simulate CO2 injection into the old gob, considering the heterogeneity of permeability and the difference in coal-rock adsorption capacity within the old gob. The research indicates that the distribution characteristics of CO2 are significantly influenced by the deployment scheme. Specifically, different deployment schemes result in varying CO2 concentrations and distribution patterns. Particularly, when the injection well is deployed at a depth of 65 m, the distribution of CO2 in the low-permeability upper part of the old gob will significantly increase and the horizontal distribution range will significantly decrease. Under different well deployment modes, the CO2 storage capacity varies significantly. When the injection well is deployed at a depth of 65 m, it is more conducive to the storage of CO2 than at other deeper depths and the total storage capacity is larger. In addition, increasing the number of monitoring wells helps the migration and diffusion of CO2 in the old gob. Reasonably increasing the number of monitoring wells and adopting a symmetric deployment mode can significantly improve the CO2 storage capacity in the old gob. Through a reasonable deployment scheme, the CO2 storage capacity in the old gob can be more than 1.8 times that of the single monitoring well deployment scheme. Overall, based on the analysis of the distribution characteristics and storage capacity, the vertical positioning of the injection wells and the deployment mode of the monitoring wells that are conducive to improving the CO2 storage capacity in the old gob are obtained, which can provide an important reference for the well deployment scheme of CO2 storage in the old gob.

In order to solve the visualization and batch processing problems of existing global navigation satellite system（GNSS） data quality analysis software, an international GNSS monitoring and assessment system（iGMAS） Multi-GNSS data quality analysis（MGQA） software was developed based on Fortran language. This software had visual operation interface and batch processing function and could analyze the quality of Multi-GNSS satellite signal data from five aspects: data integrity rate, signal-to-noise ratio, multipath effect error, ionospheric delay change rate and cycle slip. The software and translation, editing and quality checking（TEQC） software were applied to evaluate the quality of global positioning system（GPS） satellite observation data respectively. Taking the GPS data quality analysis result of TEQC as the accurate value, comparing the MGQA and TEQC software quality analysis results. The mean square error of data integrity rate was 0.27, the mean square error of signal-to-noise ratio was 0.85 dB, the mean square error of multipath effect error was 0.046 m, the mean square error of ionospheric delay change rate was 0.01 m/min, and the mean square error of cycle slip was 1.67. The two results were highly consistent, which verified the effectiveness of MGQA software. Based on the observation data of iGMAS tracking station, the software was explored to evaluate the ability of iGMAS tracking stations to receive BDS-3 satellite signals. The results showed that GNSS-GGR receiver was inferior to UB4B0-13478, CETC-54-GMR-4016 and CETC-54-GMR-4011 receivers in terms of data integrity. CETC-54-GMR-4016 receiver had poor anti multipath ability, UB4B0-13478 receiver had poor ability to weaken ionospheric delay, and GNSS-GGR receiver and CETC-54-GMR-4011 receiver were prone to cycle hopping, And the receiving ability of the four types of receivers for BDS-3 satellite B2a frequency point signal was stronger than B1C frequency point signal.

Mercury in coals might emit into the environment from coal combination, and finally cause environmental pollution. In this paper, 26 coal samples were selected from No. 1 which is coal in the Shanxi Formation of Zhangji and Xinjier mines in the Huainan coalfield. The mineralogical and geochemical components of coal samples were determined by DMA-80 mercury-measuring instrument, XRF, XRD, ICP-MS, and the relationship between the depositional environment of the coal seam and mercury enrichment was analyzed. The results show that the mercury content of coal in the study area ranged from 0.03 to 0.93 μg/g, with an arithmetic means of 0.21 μg/g, higher than the background values of coal in China and the world. The mercury content of Shanxi Formation coal varied among different mines, the arithmetic mean value of mercury in Zhangji coal mine and Xinjier mine coal is 0.35 μg/g and 0.12 μg/g respectively. Due to the complex depositional environment and depositional facies, the distribution of mercury content in the coal seam is quite different. XRD, Microscopic observation and the ratio of (CaO + MgO + Fe2O3)/(SiO2+ Al2O3) and Al2O3/TiO2 show that the main mineral in the depositional environment of this study area is kaolinite, quartz and pyrite, and the depositional facies are intercontinental and sea-land, so the parent rock type belongs to acid bedrock. The Ni/Co, Sr/Ba, and Sr/Cu ratios were used to indicate a weak oxidation-reduction, Marine salt water, and an arid and hot environment. The vertical distribution of mercury in coal and the characteristics of the depositional environment are combined to show that mercury in coal is easily affected by redox conditions, paleosalinity and paleoclimate in the depositional environment. At the same time, mercury accumulation is more easily in the depositional environment dominated by seawater intrusion than in the terrigenous input.

[Objective] The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of land use carbon sources/sinks in the Huainan mining area from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, in order to provide a basis for Huainan City’s territorial spatial planning and future low-carbon regulation policy formulation. [Methods] The study was conducted in the Huainan mining area. Grid-scale land use data in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were used to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon sources/sinks/emissions under different stages of land use change development. The spatial patterns of carbon sources/sinks/emissions were determined based on coldspots and hotspots. [Results] ① From 2000 to 2020, the land use type shifted from a single land use type to multiple land use types at the same time. The area of construction land increased, leading to an enhanced carbon source effect, a relatively weaker carbon sink effect, and a continuous increase in carbon emissions, with an annual increase in carbon sources of 2.76×106 t, an annual increase in carbon sinks of only 130 t, and an annual increase in carbon emissions of 2.76×106 t. ② The spatial distribution characteristics of carbon sources and emissions were basically the same, with the central built-up area and the northwest mining area being the main concentration areas of carbon sources and emissions. Carbon sinks were mainly concentrated in the eastern and western fringe areas and the western mining area. ③ The central built-up area of the study area was a significant hotspot area for carbon sources and emissions, dominated by significant hotspot change characteristics. Significant coldspots were mainly located in the eastern and western marginal areas of the study area and in the northwest part of the mining area. [Conclusion] Greater attention should be given to the carbon emission reduction and low carbon effect of the Huainan mining area in the large plain area of farm land in the north, as well as to controlling the mining of coal resources, to the development of construction land, and to rapid restoration of subsidized water areas. With the rapid increase of urbanization in Southern China, the area of productive carbon absorption capacity from forest land and grassland should be moderately increased to avoid unlimited expansion of construction land.

为了探究覆土厚度对复垦土壤团聚体稳定及有机碳贡献率的影响,采用干筛法、湿筛法测定不同覆土厚度下土壤机械稳定性、水稳定性团聚体、团聚体有机碳分布,计算稳定性参数及有机碳贡献率,分析覆土厚度对其的影响.结果表明,在同一粒级下,随着覆土厚度的增加,团聚体有机碳含量呈先增加后减少的趋势.覆土0～20 cm的>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量最大、土壤团聚体团粒指数最小,覆土为60～80 cm的土壤机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体平均重量直径、几何平均直径、团聚体稳定率最大,团聚体破坏率最低,是研究区最适合微生物活动及土壤根系生长的覆土厚度,研究结果对煤矸石充填复垦土壤的合理利用及可持续发展具有重要意义.

采区是煤矿安全生产的重要组成单元,重要生产活动都在采区内组织开展.采区的生产系统安全、顶底板安全、瓦斯防治安全、地质构造安全等都影响矿井安全生产.注浆技术对采区的顶底板管理、瓦斯防治管理、地质构造管理等有积极作用.本文通过总结采区布置特点、采区注浆的技术要点,研究分析在煤层顶板、煤层底板、煤壁、煤柱、采空区等不同位置注浆的效果,对矿井采区注浆技术的应用提供借鉴.

煤矿矿井水井下处理成本高、效率低,处理方法单一,矿井水处理装置井下环境适应性差、处理后水质不达标.为构建淮南矿区煤矿矿井水处理利用技术体系,实现对矿井水的有效处理和利用,针对煤矿井下乳化液配制的高品质用水需求,研究了不同孔径过滤介质对矿井水中颗粒物的去除能力.得出采用滤材为50μm+20μm+10μm的组合过滤方案,在进水浊度为130 NTU以下时,出水浊度能小于3 NTU,满足深度处理进水需要.试验得出反渗透和纳滤相结合的方案能实现对矿井水盐分的高效去除,Cl-、Na+、HCO3-等一价离子去除率超过90％;SO2-4、Ca2+、Mg2+等二价离子去除率超过99％;研发了矿井水井下处理后回用为综采工作面乳化液配制用水工艺;开发了MK-RHY-BP型乳化液配制用水处理设备.实现了将矿井水在井下深度处理后直接回用于乳化液配制用水,拓宽了矿井水处理和利用途径,提高了矿井水利用率.

Severe environmental issues are caused by long-term coal mining activities; however, the process of mercury (Hg) response in mining subsidence area sediments (MSAS) is still unclear, and direct evidence showing the relationship between Hg accumulation mechanism in sediments and mining activities is lacking. In this study, the characteristics of total mercury (THg) content in MSAS were investigated. Moreover, Hg isotopes were obtained to determine the main sources and environmental process of mercury in MSAS, and a MixSIAR mixing model was first used to estimate the potential Hg sources. The THg content ranged from 27.5 to 113.9 ng/g, with a mean of 65.8 +/- 29.4 ng/g, exceeding the local soil background value (19.7 ng/g). The Hg in MSAS was affected by clay and organic matter. The delta Hg-199 and delta Hg-201 in the sediments varied from -0.05-0.05 parts per thousand & nbsp; (mean:-0.01 +/- 0.03%o) and -0.07-0.01 parts per thousand & nbsp; (mean:-0.02 +/- 0.03 parts per thousand & nbsp;), respectively, with the fitting results suggesting that a photochemical reaction occurred in some of the Hg in the sediments prior to deposition. The results of the MixSIAR mixing model revealed that the Hg in MSAS was mainly derived from gangue, soil erosion, coal, fly ash, and feed, and their corresponding percentage contribution was 51.5 +/- 9.6%, 23.8 +/- 13.1%, 13.9 +/- 7.9%, 8.1 +/- 5.4%, and 3.1 +/- 1.4%, respectively. Hg isotopes can be used to trace the transport and transformation of environmental pollutants, and this may provide an important reference for the assessment and prevention of Hg pollution in typical areas such as coal mining and coal-fired.

Aiming at the problem of soil improvement for mining wasteland reclamation, this article takes the coal mining subsidence reclamation area of a coal mine in the east of China as the research object. Compost improvement and green manure improvement experiments were carried out to study the impact of different biomass improvement methods on the quality of reclaimed soil. 10 soil physical and chemical indicators including water content, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total phosphorus, organic matter, pH, and conductivity were selected to evaluate the effect of soil improvement. After 5 months of soil improvement, the results showed that planting alfalfa and Mexican corn in the reclaimed area can increase soil available phosphorus, available potassium, total phosphorus, and organic matter content. Cattail, a common aquatic plant in the coal mining subsidence area in the east, is used to make organic compost. When the compost is applied to reclaimed soil, the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and total phosphorus in the soil can be significantly increased. Using white vanilla clover as green manure for reclaiming soil can significantly increase the content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total phosphorus in the soil. Biomass improvement technology can improve the fertility level of coal mine reclamation soil in a short time. It is conducive to promoting the restoration of soil fertility of mining wasteland and realizing the sustainable development and utilization of plant resources and land resources.

深层灰岩水在长时间水岩耦合作用下各含水层的水化学成分有所不同,但随着地壳运动、采动影响等因素导致不同含水层产生水力联系.重大的突水事故都是深层高压灰岩水以浅层灰岩水为通道突入矿井发生的.依据对淮南煤田潘谢矿区9对矿井2015—2018年182个地面水文观测孔的水位数据及潘二矿突水后各水文观测孔水位变化的时空规律,得出水文观测孔的水位变化数据比水位高程数据更灵敏,潘谢矿区深层灰岩水由下向上对浅层灰岩水进行补给,通过聚类分析算法识别出矿井与深层灰岩水存在补给关系的浅层灰岩含水层区域;另一方面基于改进的随机森林算法对收集的7000多条矿井水质化验资料进行分析,基于错分数据识别出与深层灰岩水水力联系紧密的各矿含水层信息.综合分析水位变化数据聚类分析结果,得出各矿井的突水风险区域.基于含水层分类显著因子、水化学空间分布特征,结合温度、流量、水位、水质等参数的高精度传感器,构建快速准确突水预警系统,对矿井出水点进行智能监测,为实施防治水措施提供快速、可靠的依据,可以极大地避免矿井发生突水事故和减少突水事故产生的损失.

以高盐矿井水膜浓缩后的高浓盐水为研究对象,从蒸发结晶和冷冻结晶工艺段着手,对高浓盐水不同分质结晶处理工艺进行分析研究.结果表明:在高浓盐水不同结晶阶段采用适宜的结晶方式,可提高产品纯度和回收率,增加产品价值,减少副产品的处理成本,并对不同煤矿高盐浓盐水水质进行结晶工艺应用分析,满足企业生产实际的需要.

为获得淮南矿区厚冲积层下煤层覆岩导水裂缝带发育规律,以张集煤矿工作面钻孔相关数据为基础,根据开采技术条件及岩石力学参数,应用FLAC3D模拟软件建立数值模型,对煤层覆岩应力及塑性区分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,初次采动时,在煤层开采前期导水裂缝带高度增加较快,后期逐渐趋于稳定;重复采动时,开采初期对导水裂缝带整体的影响较小,重复采动后期对导水裂缝带发育影响较为明显;二次重复采动对导水裂缝带发育的影响明显小于一次重复采动;重复采动使得综合导水裂缝带裂采比减小,对导水裂缝带高度发育起到了一定的抑制作用.

以潘一矿采煤沉陷复垦区的13种绿化树种为研究对象,运用CI-340光合作用监测仪和CI-110植物冠层数字图像分析仪,选取植物的固碳释氧光合生理生态指标进行量化研究.结果表明,冬季植物的净光合速率大多呈"单峰"曲线的日变化规律,光合速率的峰值出现在11:00左右.春季、夏季和秋季除个别树种以外光合速率大多数呈"双峰"曲线的日变化规律,具有光合"午休"现象,第1个峰值出现在10:00左右,第2个峰值出现在14:00或16:00附近,正午12:00左右日光合速率降低.春、夏、秋3季潘一矿采煤沉陷复垦区中合欢、紫玉兰、红叶桃、水杉、雪松、女贞、杨树和四川桧8个树种的单位叶面积日固碳释氧量大小为夏季>春季>秋季;桂花、国槐、红叶李、广玉兰和香樟5个树种的单位叶面积日固碳释氧量大小为春季>夏季>秋季.利用聚类分析法对固碳优势树种筛选,得出广玉兰、桂花、杨树为适宜采煤沉陷复垦区环境生长的优势树种,为指导煤矿复垦区的绿化工作提供了科学依据.

当前,我国东部矿井以村庄压煤为主,由于土地紧张,矿山企业面临村庄下采煤迁村困难、地表稳定后村庄重建周期长、严重影响村民生活等问题.为此,跟据采动过程中村庄房屋就地重建思路,以地表剩余变形量选择房屋就地重建的时机和区域,从煤炭开采空间传递及分布的角度,将开采空间分为地表沉陷空间、不可释放空间(即岩石碎胀所占空间)和可释放空间,并结合概率积分法模型和时间函数推导了剩余变形量的计算方法.以峰峰矿区为例进行了应用研究,结果表明:采用所提方法准确计算出采动过程中就地重建的时间和区域,与地表稳定后重建房屋相比,采动过程中建房的时间由4.2 a提前到0.5 a,提前了3.7 a,时间效率提高了88.1％;采动中房屋重建时间效率大幅度提升,极大地改善了当地村民生活环境及质量.研究成果对于我国矿区村庄下压煤开采房屋就地重建工作有一定的参考作用.

This study investigated the environmental geochemical characteristics of rare-earth elements (REEs) in surface waters in the Huainan mining area, Anhui Province, China. The REEs concentrations were determined by ICP-MS, and the inorganic species of dissolved REEs in the river and coal mining subsidence area water samples were calculated by using the Visual MINTEQ (version 3.1) code. On this basis, the distribution and geochemical characteristics of REEs in the surface waters were systematically analyzed, and the main inorganic species of REEs were investigated. The results showed the following: (1) The REEs concentrations in the surface waters were relatively low, ranging from 0.1361 to 0.3536 μg/L, and the average ∑REEs concentration was 0.2062 μg/L. Compared with light rare-earth elements (LREEs), heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs) were significantly enriched, with an average enrichment factor of 1.4642. Due to the interaction of high pH values and high cation concentrations, the ∑REEs content in the subsidence area water was significantly lower than that in the river water. (2) The distribution pattern of REEs in the surface waters normalized against the North American Shale Composite (NASC) showed that the REEs in the study area had different degrees of cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu) anomalies. The negative Ce anomalies were probably closely related to the pH conditions, whereas the positive Eu anomalies were mainly attributed to preferential chemical weathering and the dissolution of feldspar minerals. (3) The simulation results obtained by using Visual MINTEQ code showed that the dominant and typically inorganic complex form of REEs in the surface waters was carbonate complexes, and this form was one of the reasons for the enrichment of HREEs in the surface water.

松散含水层薄基岩采场易出现压架、出水事故,为保证薄基岩采场安全回采,针对顾北煤矿1512(3)工作面的地质情况,综合采用理论分析、力学实验、工业性试验等研究方法,研究了薄基岩采场风化带地面预注浆加固前后顶板结构、岩芯力学特性、回采矿压显现规律,并分析注浆加固效果.结果表明:风化带地面注浆有效扩散范围可达15m以上,注浆后风化带岩石胶结性、致密性、隔水性、稳定性增强,岩芯平均抗剪强度提高了40.6％,整体承载能力明显提升,配合高工作阻力的液压支架,实现了安全回采.

"珠海一号"卫星高光谱数据具有高时空分辨率的特点,为采煤沉陷区水质时空监测提供了更高精度的数据源.叶绿素a浓度是评价水质状况的重要参数.为探究淮南采煤沉陷区叶绿素a浓度反演模型,以安徽淮南顾桥采煤沉陷区为研究对象,基于"珠海一号"高光谱影像和水样测试数据,对采煤沉陷水域叶绿素a浓度反演模型进行构建,反演并分析了顾桥采煤沉陷区叶绿素a浓度空间分布特征及其成因.结果表明:基于珠海一号高光谱影像(b10+b19-b2)/(b10+b19+b2)波段组合方式构建的三次函数模型精度和稳定性较高,可以用于顾桥采煤沉陷区水质的动态监测;顾桥沉陷区水域总体叶绿素a浓度较高,高值区主要位于水域中部,且南部水域高于北部;农田施肥和工矿生产、居民生活污水的排放是造成沉陷区内叶绿素a浓度上升的主要原因.

The increase in NO3- content in surface water caused by intensive mining activities in Huainan City, China, has attracted considerable attention owing to the deterioration of water quality and the degradation of ecosystems in recent years. The Huainan mining area, which is highly disturbed by anthropogenic activities, was selected as a typical observation area, and the surface water was classified as open subsidence water (OSW), closed subsidence water (CSW), and river water (RW). Moreover, the hydrochemical parameters and the 815N and 818O values of nitrate were employed to quantitatively trace the sources and biochemical transformation of NO3- and the contribution ratios of different NO3- sources were estimated using the stable isotope analysis in R based on the Bayesian model. There was evident nitrification in the study area, but no significant denitrification has occurred. A substantial portion of 815N-NO3- demonstrated complex sources of NO3- . Compared with those of CSW, the NO3-; compositions of the OSW approached to those of the RW due to river recharge and discharge, and were greatly affected by anthropogenic activities. The proportional contribution of manure and sewage in the OSW was found to be the highest with a mean value of 39.5 % +/- 12.3 %, which was followed by that of mine drainage (mean: 22.1 % +/- 13.1 %), chemical fertilizer (mean: 17.5 % +/- 10.6 %), and soil organic nitrogen (mean: 17.5 % +/- 11.6 %). In the RW, the highest mean contribution of manure sewage was 35.2 % +/- 9.7 %, which was followed by that of chemical fertilizer (mean: 29.3 % +/- 7.2 %), mine drainage (mean: 23.4 % +/- 13.0 %), and soil organic nitrogen (mean: 10.9 % +/- 8.3 %). In contrast, the contribution of chemical fertilizer to the CSW was the highest with a mean value of 33.9 % +/- 13.6 %, which was followed by that of soil organic nitrogen (mean: 26.5 % +/- 13.8 %), mine drainage (mean: 18.1 % +/- 11.6 %). Therefore, NO3-; in the surface water of the mining area primarily originates from chemical fertilizers and manure sewage. In addition, the contribution of mine drainage to nitrate in the study area indicates the potential impact of mining activities on surface water. These findings highlight the value of classifying different types of surface water in tracing NO3- contamination sources, and provide relevant theoretical basis for tracing nitrate sources in other areas.

地表温度是描述陆表过程和反映地表特征的重要参数.研究矿区地表温度的时空演变特征,对于理解煤矿开采活动对矿区生态环境的影响具有重要意义.淮南矿区是我国东部典型的高潜水位煤矿区,为了探究该区域地表温度的时空异质性与开采扰动的关系,利用2008—2018年5期Landsat影像进行地表温度的反演和下垫面信息提取,结合热力景观格局指数和城市热岛比例指数的计算,分析近十年来淮南矿区地表热环境的时空演变特征.结果表明:淮南矿区地表温度分布格局及其变化与下垫面结构及其变化密切相关.2008—2018年间,淮南矿区地表温度总体以中温区为主,其次是次低温和次高温区,高温区和低温区面积及其占比相对较低.由于城镇和矿井建设,以及煤矿开采产生的煤矸石堆积和开采沉陷积水,建设用地和水域面积不断增加,植被面积不断减少,相应的低温区、次高温和高温区增长,中温和次低温区减少,总体上城市热岛比例指数不断增加,热岛效应不断加剧;低温区斑块破碎度和复杂度不断减小,优势度不断增大.其他温度级斑块破碎度和复杂度,景观团聚程度和连通性,多样性和均匀度变化分为2008—2013、2013—2015和2015—2018三个阶段,其中2013—2015年人类干扰强度较大,斑块破碎度和复杂度增大,景观团聚程度和连通性,多样性和均匀度减小.研究成果为淮南矿区生态环境的恢复治理和城市产业规划提供了科学依据.