为获得淮南矿区厚冲积层下煤层覆岩导水裂缝带发育规律,以张集煤矿工作面钻孔相关数据为基础,根据开采技术条件及岩石力学参数,应用FLAC3D模拟软件建立数值模型,对煤层覆岩应力及塑性区分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,初次采动时,在煤层开采前期导水裂缝带高度增加较快,后期逐渐趋于稳定;重复采动时,开采初期对导水裂缝带整体的影响较小,重复采动后期对导水裂缝带发育影响较为明显;二次重复采动对导水裂缝带发育的影响明显小于一次重复采动;重复采动使得综合导水裂缝带裂采比减小,对导水裂缝带高度发育起到了一定的抑制作用.

在新庄孜矿复垦区煤矸石山附近土壤进行纵向、水平和垂直深度布点采样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS检测风干后的土样中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Ni、As、Hg八种重金属离子的含量,研究其分布特征,结果表明:矸石山附近土壤重金属含量随距离增加而降低,但会因煤矸石风化其粉尘迁移和地形不同在距矸石山某一距离出现增加的现象;距矸石山相同距离的土壤中重金属含量大致相同;在垂直深度方向上,重金属主要聚集在地下20cm至40cm处.

地表温度是描述陆表过程和反映地表特征的重要参数.研究矿区地表温度的时空演变特征,对于理解煤矿开采活动对矿区生态环境的影响具有重要意义.淮南矿区是我国东部典型的高潜水位煤矿区,为了探究该区域地表温度的时空异质性与开采扰动的关系,利用2008—2018年5期Landsat影像进行地表温度的反演和下垫面信息提取,结合热力景观格局指数和城市热岛比例指数的计算,分析近十年来淮南矿区地表热环境的时空演变特征.结果表明:淮南矿区地表温度分布格局及其变化与下垫面结构及其变化密切相关.2008—2018年间,淮南矿区地表温度总体以中温区为主,其次是次低温和次高温区,高温区和低温区面积及其占比相对较低.由于城镇和矿井建设,以及煤矿开采产生的煤矸石堆积和开采沉陷积水,建设用地和水域面积不断增加,植被面积不断减少,相应的低温区、次高温和高温区增长,中温和次低温区减少,总体上城市热岛比例指数不断增加,热岛效应不断加剧;低温区斑块破碎度和复杂度不断减小,优势度不断增大.其他温度级斑块破碎度和复杂度,景观团聚程度和连通性,多样性和均匀度变化分为2008—2013、2013—2015和2015—2018三个阶段,其中2013—2015年人类干扰强度较大,斑块破碎度和复杂度增大,景观团聚程度和连通性,多样性和均匀度减小.研究成果为淮南矿区生态环境的恢复治理和城市产业规划提供了科学依据.

我国东部矿区是重要的煤粮生产复合区,由于境内地势平坦,地下潜水位高,采空区形成的沉陷大多常年积水或季节性积水,所引起的土地、生态、环境问题尤为严重.植被作为矿区生态环境的重要组成部分,因外界干扰和环境要素的变化而具有动态特征.归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)是植被生长状况遥感监测的常用指示因子,基于NDVI时间序列数据的分析可以有效揭示植被的扰动效应.以安徽淮南顾桥矿为研究对象,基于2007-2018年Landsat NDVI时间序列数据的分级统计,以及热点分析、聚类与异常值分析和剖面线分析,研究NDVI值的时空变化特征,探讨煤矿开采沉陷对周围植被的扰动效应.研究表明:2007-2018年间顾桥矿植被生长状况整体良好,但植被覆盖离散程度在增大;NDVI分布具有明显的空间聚集特征,均为"高-高"聚类和"低-低"聚类,无异常出现;受煤炭开采影响,热点区减少,冷点区增加,热点向冷点的转化主要发生在沉陷积水区、德上高速和永幸河附近;沉陷积水区周围一定范围内存在明显的植被扰动,开采初期扰动较小,随着积水区范围的增长和时间的推移,扰动范围逐渐增大,最后趋于稳定,具有时序滞后性和时空累积性.研究成果为采煤沉陷区生态影响范围的确定及生态环境的恢复治理提供了参考.

Hard heading driving between high gas coal seams may reveal local gas abnormal places sometimes, and can cause gas con-tent in hard heading rising abruptly and even out of gauge. The gas abnormal places are usually dry fissure areas with different physical properties of resistivity and wave impedance in comparison to peripheral strata, thus is propitious to geophysical means to delineate their occurrence ranges; also because of gas source mainly produced from coal formation and metamorphic processes have made gas from different coal seams with different geochemical characteristics, especially apparent differences in carbon isotopic proportion, thus propitious to geochemical means to determine gas sources. On the basis of gas anomaly usually appears as higher resistivity values on the 3D resistivity section, and appears as phase dislocation and long tailed waveform on the seismic reflection time section characteris-tics have determined development orientation of gas source fissure zone is within bed plate tunnel roof to coal No. 13-1, also delineated its anomalous range. Through geochemical analysis of hard heading gas abnormal places, gas samples from coal Nos. 13-1 and 11-2 have found carbon isotopeδ13C in gas abnormal place and in coal No.13-1 has high similarity, thus can consider that the gas anomaly mainly from coal No.13-1. Besides, the geochemical analysis result has shown that using only gas constituents is not easy to differenti-ate source coal seam.

Karstic collapse column refers to fissure cave collapse of matter in the thick layer of limestone of coal-bearing strata floor and the formation of overlying strata collapse , there are 2 karstic collapse columns in the eastern mine of Xieqiao coal mine , in order to ensure the safe passing of the No.13216 fully-mechanized coal mine face across 1# sink hole zone of influence , take mine transient electromagnetic method and Mine high-density electrical method to detect , excavation adopt the comprehensive detection technology of the combination of geophysical exploration and drilling exploration.Before actual mining ,the use of transportation gateway on 1#collapse column and its affected area adopt geophysical exploration after drilling technology , and the grouting reinforcement , so that the face of mining safety pass 1#subsided column zone of influence , multi-ple the production of coal resources 102 thousand tons , and create good economic benefits.

In the Huainan mining area, the floor limestone water of coal group A is the main potential safety hazard threatening coal pro duction. Thus, to prove up and drain floor limestone water with accuracy has guiding significance to coal safe working in the area.Through mining area previous geological exploration data analysis, on the basis of the typical Panji No.2 coalmine section linking bore holes V east 02 and C3-Ⅲ modeled a three-layered numerical model to simulate floor aquiferous abnormal bodies in the area. Under the condition of device type and line polar moment changes, using two electrical parameters of resistivity and polarizability carried out numerical simulation study. The result has shown that when depth of abnormal body relatively deep or number of electrode is limited,tri-electrode arrangement is preferred. Using small electrode spacing can improve vertical resolution effectively. Responsibility of po larizability on abnormal body is weaker than resistivity. Moreover, to improve research level, indoor project site model established and carried out experiment with the Wenner tri-electrode arrangement, the result has shown that relation between the sizes of apparent re sistivity and polarizability and water yield is rather obvious, the method is an aid to the assessment of floor limestone water.

Between coalface subsidence column and coal seams have provided with distinct resistivity, wave velocity and density differ-ences, thus suitable for radio-wave penetration method and seismic wave CT method to detect subsidence column limits within coalface. Commonly, fissures are well developed in subsidence columns;compared with surrounding rocks, water rich columns have relatively low resistivity, while columns without water relatively high. Thus, the 3D electric method can be used to detect coal floor floor subsidence column water yield property. The detection of No.1 subsidence column in the Xieqiao coalmine No.13218 coalface has shown that within the column limits has higher electromagnetic wave absorption coefficient and relatively high compression wave velocity. Coalface floor subsidence column downward has relatively high resistivity, thus a column without rich water. The results of integrated geophysical pros-pecting are basically accord with practical validated data, effectively guided the coalface winning and coalface design and operation.

There are two sink holes of 1# and 2# in East mining area of xieqiao mine, with the second level of the mine to expand to the deeper, A group of coal mining by the growing threat of collapse column, Hydraulic connection among the aquifers in the region affected by the sink holes becomes more important. Limestone affected by the sink holes are mainly Carboniferous Lime-stone Taiyuan, Ordovician and Cambrian, this paper are two-pronged approach, studying hydraulic connection among limestones and between coal strata and limestones in the region, the hydraulic connection situation between them have a great significance to guide safety production of the coal mine.

第四纪底砾层直接覆盖在谢桥煤矿煤系地层之上,其隔水性能影响到防水煤柱的合理留设.为论证底砾层的隔水性,分析研究其赋存特征、岩性组合,并对其进行抽提水、简易水文和水动态观测试验.结果表明:第四纪底砾层不含水,渗透性极弱而且具有良好的隔水性,是阻碍新生界中部含水层危害矿井安全开采的良好隔水层,为合理留设煤柱、确定回采上限提供可靠的依据.

From the results of radio wave perspective drawing,a fuzzy mathematics model is built and a comprehensive evaluation is concluded by the use of grayed theory.Then the role of radio wave perspective can objectively be realized which will direct the production and management of mine better.