目的 探索形成性评价在病理生理学教学中的应用及效果.方法 于2017年9月—2020年1月在本校部分班级开展形成性评价教学,围绕课堂教学设计前中后三个测评环节,平时测评成绩和期末考试成绩按比例组成本课程综合成绩.选择本校两个年级卓越医师班进行教学对比研究,并在2017级临床本科和2018级护理本科开展教学效果调查.结果 授课教师根据测评结果可以及时发现教学问题并进行调整;实施形成性评价的实验班级综合分显著提高(P<0.05);调查结果反馈学生非常认可形成性评价教学模式.结论 开展形成性评价对提高病理生理学的教学效果具有积极意义.

目的 探讨趋化因子受体7 (chemokine receptor 7,CCR7)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与血管内皮生长因子-D(vascular endothelial growth factor-D,VEGF-D)在乳腺癌淋巴转移中的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学Elivision法和原位杂交方法检测98例乳腺癌组织及30例乳腺正常组织中CCR7、VEGF-D及其mRNA表达情况,D2-40标记微淋巴管,计数微淋巴管密度(lymphatic vessel density,LVD).结果 乳腺癌组织中CCR7和其mRNA的表达阳性率分别为67.3％和71.4％,显著高于对照组;VEGF-D和其mRNA的表达阳性率分别为69.4％和73.5％,也显著高于对照组.CCR7水平在乳腺癌淋巴结转移阳性组显著增高;CCR7及VEGF-D表达阳性组LVD值分别为12.91±3.38和13.38±3.81,均显著高于CCR7及VEGF-D表达阴性组.CCR7表达阳性组中VEGF-D表达显著高于CCR7表达阴性组,CCR7表达与VEGF-D表达呈正相关.结论 CCR7通过VEGF-D诱导淋巴管新生,是乳腺癌淋巴转移的重要因子.

Objective:To investigate the roles of the aberrant expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF)-D and gene of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten( PTEN) in breast cancer tissue and its clinical significance. Methods:The levels of VEGF-D and PTEN in 90 samples of breast invasive carcinoma tissue, and 20 samples of benign proliferative lesions were detected using immunohistochemical method, the results of which together with the clinical pathological parameters were analyzed. Results:The differences of the levels of VEGF-D and PTEN protein between breast cancer tissue and benign hyperplastic lesions tissue were statistically significant(P<0. 01). The differences of the positive expression of VEGF-D protein in the patients with lymph nodes metastasis or without,and positive and negative expression of estrogen receptor were statistically significant(P=0. 03 and P<0. 05). The differences of the negative expression of VEGF-D protein in the patients with lymph nodes metastasis or without,and positive and negative expression of estrogen receptor were statistically significant(P<0. 01). The level of VEGF-D protein was significantly negative correlation with PTEN in breast cancer tissue(P<0. 01). Conclusions:The aberrant expressions of VEGF-D and PTEN are related to the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. The expressions of VEGF-D and PTEN protein are correlative.

说课是近年教学改革中出现的一种教学研究的有效形式,对于提高教学质量、提高教师的素质、促进病理生理学教学研究,具有十分重要的意义,值得探讨和推广。说课应成为病理生理学教师,乃至基础医学教师必备的一项基本技能。

目的 探讨PTEN、Rb、C -myc蛋白异常表达在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用及其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测150例乳腺癌和30例乳腺良性增生性病变组织中PTEN、Rb、C-myc蛋白的表达；结合临床病理指标进行分析.结果 乳腺癌组织中PTEN、Rb、C-myc蛋白表达与良性增生性病变组织有显著差异(P＜0.05).PTEN蛋白的失表达与淋巴结转移、雌激素受体(ER)失表达有关(P＜0.05).Rb蛋白在乳腺癌Ⅲ级中失表达率较高,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).C-myc蛋白的过表达与组织学分级、淋巴结转移及病理类型有关(P＜0.05).PTEN蛋白失表达与Rb蛋白失表达呈正相关,与C-myc过表达呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 PTEN、Rb、C-myc共同参与了乳腺癌的发生发展,对乳腺癌的预后判断有重要的参考价值.

Objective:To investigate the effect of transient limb ischemic postconditioning(LPostC) on mouse against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods:Thirty two male mice were randomly divided into four groups,8 in each group:Sham group,I/R group,I/R+PostC group and I/R+LPostC groups.Twenty-four hours after the reperfusion,the neurologic deficit scores were recorded according to Longa standard and the brains were obtained to measure superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content.Results:Compared with I/R group,the neurologic deficit scores of I/R+LPostC group and I/R+PostC group were significantly decreased(P0.01).Compared with Sham group,the content of cerebral tissue MDA was markedly increased,and the activity of SOD was decreased significantly in I/R group.Compared with I/R group,in I/R+LPostC group and I/R+PostC group,the activities of SOD in the cerebral tissues were enhanced(P0.05),and the contents of MDA in the cerebral tissues were decreased(P0.05).Conclusions:LPostC can attenuate focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion induced brain injury,improve neurological behavior and increase the ability of resisting brain injury.The protective mechanism of LPostC may be related to reduce reactive oxygen species production and promote its clearance in brain injury.

目的:探讨KAI1/CD82及C-erbB-2在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测57例乳腺癌组织和11例乳腺良性病变组织中KAI1/CD82及C-erbB-2的表达,分析其与临床病理参数的关系.结果:57例乳腺癌组织和11例乳腺良性病变组织中KAI1/CD82、C-erbB-2阳性率分别为31.58%和81.82%、71.93%和0.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).乳腺癌患者中,淋巴结未转移、雌激素受体(ER)阴性者的KAI1/CD82阳性率高于淋巴结转移、ER阳性者(P＜0.05);ER阳性患者C-erbB-2的阳性率低于ER阴性者(P＜0.05).KAI1/CD82与C-erbB-2在乳腺癌中的表达无相关关系(P>0.05).结论:KAI1/CD82和C-erbB-2均参与了乳腺癌的发生、发展过程,对乳腺癌的浸润和转移及预后评估具有临床参考意义.

AIM: To establish the mouse model in which the limbic ischemic postconditionning(LIPostC) enhances the tolerance against brain ischemia,and to investigate the effects of LIPostC on the ischemic extent and roles of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in ischemia and reperfusion injury.METHODS: The male Kunming mice were used in the study.The brain ischemia reperfusion(I/R) model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).In the first test,the male mice were randomly divided into 9 groups(n=10): sham group,ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) groups(with ischemia for 0.5 h,1 h,1.5 h and 2 h) and LIPostC+I/R groups(0.5 h+LIPostC,1 h+LIPostC,1.5 h+LIPostC,2 h+LIPostC).The reperfusion was performed after LIPostC for 24 h.After the neurologic deficit scores were evaluated,the brains were taken out to measure the infarct volume with TTC staining and to observe the pathological changes of cerebral cortex with HE staining.The neuronal apoptosis was determined by TUNEL.In the second test,the male mice were randomized into 4 groups(n=6): sham group,I/R group,LIPostC+I/R group and LIPostC+I/R+quercetin group(2 h ischemia).The neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h after operation.The expression of HSP70 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: The duration of brain ischemia was related to the motor behavior and degree of brain injury.The longer the ischemic duration of the brain was performed,the more severe the pathological and behavioral changes were observed.The brain injury in 2 h MCAO mice was more severe than that in 1 h and 1.5 h MCAO mice(P0.05).Compared to I/R group,each LIPostC group showed lower neurological score,less infarct volume and TUNEL positive neuron.The expression of HSP70 protein was increased and neurological functions were improved significantly in the mice with LIPostC.However,the neuroprotective role of LIPostC was attenuated by treating with quercetin,an inhibitor of HSP70.CONCLUSION: LIPostC promotes the expression of HSP 70,improves the neurological functions and attenuates the ischemia and reperfusion injury in MCAO mice.HSP70 produces a marked effect on the ischemic tolerance induced by LIPostC in MCAO mice.

Objective:To explore the effect of Sini decoction(SND) on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in rats.Methods:Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,the normal control group,the CPR group and the SND treatment group.Model of CPR was produced by injecting 2% KCl quickly through external jugular vein.Then the rats,heartbeat and respiration stoped at once,after 6 minutes were carried out CPR.For being observed for 60 minutes,adult Wistar rats were sacrificed.The activity of LDH and the concentration of MDA in cerebral cortex were determined.0.9%saline was fed at the dosage of 0.1 ml/100 g for three days preoperatively in the normal control group.SND was fed at the dosage of 0.1 ml/100 g for three days preoperatively in the SND group.Results:The activity of LDH in cerebral cortex was significantly higher in the SND group than in CPR group(P0.01),while the concentration of MDA was markedly lower than those in CPR group(P0.01).The activity of LDH in cerebral cortex were lower in the SND group than in the normal control group(P0.05),while the concentration of MDA was higher than those in the normal control group(P0.01 and P0.05).Conclusions:The results suggest that Sini decoction possiblely play a membrane protective role by suppressing Lipid Peroxidation(LPO) in cerebral cortex and maintaining cells membrane stability after CPR.