Purpose To investigate the imaging quality, efficiency and satisfaction of fully self-service fundus photography compared with traditional fundus photography performed by experienced operators among middle-aged individuals.Methods Participants aged 45-64 in the community of Shanghai were included, and eye disease screenings were carried out after obtaining informed consent. All participants had no cataracts or other conditions that could potentially compromise the quality of fundus imaging. Participants voluntarily chose the fully self-service fundus photography group or the traditional fundus photography group. A statistical analysis was performed to analyse the imaging quality, efficiency and satisfaction of self-service fundus photography.Results We included 457 individuals with an average age of 56.93 years. Fully self-service fundus photography produces similar imaging quality to manual examinations. Additionally, this photography significantly increases residents' willingness to undergo eye disease screening again, particularly among those with better visual acuity, compared with traditional doctor-led screenings.Conclusions This study confirms the reliability of fully self-service fundus photography, and its ability to enhance compliance and willingness for follow-up screenings among individuals aged 45-64. Promoting fully self-service fundus photography is beneficial for screening blinding eye diseases in the middle-aged population. Given the limited geographical scope and age range of this study, larger multicentre studies are needed to confirm the broader applicability of fully self-service fundus photography and to establish effective screening models for high-risk occupational populations.

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the imaging repeatability of self-service fundus photography compared to traditional fundus photography performed by experienced operators. Design Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods In a community-based eye diseases screening site, we recruited 65 eyes (65 participants) from the resident population of Shanghai, China. All participants were devoid of cataract or any other conditions that could potentially compromise the quality of fundus imaging. Participants were categorized into fully self-service fundus photography or traditional fundus photography group. Image quantitative analysis software was used to extract clinically relevant indicators from the fundus images. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed to depict the imaging repeatability of fully self-service fundus photography. Results There was no statistical difference in the absolute differences, or the extents of variation of the indicators between the two groups. The extents of variation of all the measurement indicators, with the exception of the optic cup area, were below 10% in both groups. The Bland–Altman plots and multivariate analysis results were consistent with results mentioned above. Conclusions The image repeatability of fully self-service fundus photography is comparable to that of traditional fundus photography performed by professionals, demonstrating promise in large-scale eye disease screening programs.

Background: More is to be explored between dietary patterns and sleep quality in the Chinese adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 7987 Shanghai suburban adults aged 20–74 years was conducted. Dietary information was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a priori dietary patterns, such as the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean diet (MD), was assessed. Sleep quality was assessed from self-reported responses to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounders were employed to examine the associations. Results: The overall prevalence of poor sleep (PSQI score ≥ 5) was 28.46%. Factor analysis demonstrated four a posteriori dietary patterns. Participants with a higher CHEI (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95), DASH (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60–0.82) or MD (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64–0.87) had a lower poor sleep prevalence, while participants with a higher “Beverages” score had a higher poor sleep prevalence (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.27). Conclusions: In Shanghai suburban adults, healthier dietary patterns and lower consumption of beverages were associated with better sleep quality.

目的 调查2020年上海市松江区小学、初中、高中儿童青少年视力健康现状并探讨其影响因素,为儿童青少年视力不良及时干预提供指导意见.方法 于2020年9-12月,随机抽取上海市松江区7所学校为视力监测点(2所小学、2所初中、3所高中),检查裸眼远视力、非睫状肌麻痹下的散瞳屈光状态,并分层整群随机抽取2 036名学生进行问卷调查,分析视力不良的影响因素.结果 2 036名学生中,视力不良学生1 381名(67.83％),筛查出近视学生1 111名(54.57％),小学、初中、高中近视率分别为25.40％、73.44％、88.99％,随着年级增加,近视率不断上升,线性趋势显著(Z=26.204,PP＜0.001),学生存在诸多不良用眼习惯,如用眼距离过近、长时间用眼、不注意主动休息等.多因素分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.354,95％CI:1.116～1.642)、父母近视(OR=1.470,95％CI:1.207～1.790)、做作业时长较长(OR=2.903,95％CI:2.080～4.050)是视力不良的危险因素,户外运动(OR=0.678,95％CI:0.533～0.863)、持续用眼30～40 min后休息(OR=0.686,95％CI:0.511～0.920)是视力不良的保护因素.结论 上海市松江区儿童青少年视力不良率及近视率较高,与用眼习惯和时长关系密切,应增加学生户外运动时间、加强眼卫生健康教育,定期视力检查并及早干预.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy for various screening tests and their combined uses for myopia screening among children and adolescents and explore age-specific cutoffs. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 6017 children and adolescents aged 4 to 15 years participated in the study. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA, recorded in decimal notation), cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction (NCR), axial length (AL), and corneal curvature radius (CR) examinations were performed. Cycloplegic spherical equivalent ≤−0.50 D was considered as the gold standard for myopia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to determine optimal cutoffs for all age groups, and sensitivity, specificity, as well as screening prevalence of myopia were calculated. Results: The overall estimate of myopia prevalence was 31.8% using the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of the UCVA alone for the commonly used cutoff (1.0) were 97.7% and 33.1%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve were optimally estimated to be 0.985 (95% CI, 0.982–0.988) for the combined use of UCVA and NCR tests, and 0.987 (95% CI, 0.983–0.989) for the combined use of AL/CR and NCR tests, with no significant difference (P = 0.208). The best cutoffs for UCVA-NCR combinations were UCVA <1.0 and NCR <−0.25 D in 4 to 6 years; UCVA <1.0 and NCR <−0.50 D in 7 to 12 years; UCVA <0.8 and NCR <−0.75 D in 13 to 15 years. If those screening positive were all referred to clinics and corrected with cycloplegic autorefraction data, the relative difference between screening prevalence and the actual prevalence by the gold standard would reduce from 13.2% to 4.7%. Conclusions: UCVA test alone for detecting myopia demonstrated a poorer accuracy among these tests. The combined use of UCVA and NCR tests and the combined use of AL/CR and NCR tests achieved optimal accuracy for myopia screening. Setting age-specific cutoffs would increase the accuracy, and the prevalence obtained from primary screening should be corrected according to the data of cycloplegic refraction after referral, especially in younger ages.

目的 了解上海市松江区老年人健康状况,阐明老年人健康状况的影响因素,提升老年人健康管理服务水平.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法,于2016年6月-2017年11月对松江区16395例60 ～74岁常住老年人进行面对面问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学信息、既往疾病史、个人生活习惯、体力活动、健康自我评价等.结果 松江区老年人慢性疾病总患病率为80.2％,慢性疾病共患率为54.3％,患病率居前3位的慢性疾病分别为高血压(47.1％)、脂肪肝(25.6％)、高血脂血症(12.1％);吸烟率为26.2％;每周不进行身体锻炼的比例为67.9％;有焦虑抑郁情况的占3.8％,健康自评为"优"的比例为26.2％.影响老年人健康状况的危险因素为女性、年龄增大、未退休、不喝酒、自认睡眠状况较差、每周未进行体锻,影响老年人健康状况的保护因素为文化程度较高和未患慢性病.结论 松江区老年人心理健康状况较好,身体健康状况欠佳,应针对年龄较大、受教育程度较低、患有慢性病、不进行身体锻炼的女性人群开展健康教育,引导老年人养成健康生活方式.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the 'Timed Up and Go' test (TUGT) for identifying fall risk in community-dwelling elderly. Methods: From Aug 2016 to Feb 2017, cluster sampling was conducted among residents aged over 60 from 15 communities in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews and TUGT measures were conducted to collect data. Results: 6,014 participants were enrolled, with an average age 72.7±7.0 years. 637 (10.6%) elderly people had a fall experience in the past year. TUGT for the non-fall group, one-fall group and recurrent-fall group was 9.02±4.39, 10.00±5.26 and 10.78±4.51 seconds respectively (P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that the TUGT cut-off point for the elderly was 12.5 seconds and AUC was 0.573 for any-fall group and 0.613 for recurrent-fall group respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, the predictive value was not high for any-fall group (AUC=0.614) and recurrent-fall group (AUC=0.648). The TUGT cut-off point for the elderly aged below 65, 65-74, 75-84 and 85 and above was 13.52s, 12.51s, 12.51s, 12.00s, respectively. After adjustment of the confounding factors, the OR values for the risk of fall for the elderly men and women who completed TUGT longer than the cut-off point was 2.404 and 2.075 times higher than those who completed TUGT shorter than the cut-off point, respectively. Conclusion: TUGT with the cut-off score of 12.5s has limited capability in predicting fall risk in community-dwelling elderly.

[目的]了解上海市松江区敬老院老年人口腔健康情况,为提高其口腔健康水平提供参考依据.[方法]通过对松江区15家敬老院共375名老年人问卷调查和口腔检查,分析其牙缺失、义齿修复、牙周状况及口腔卫生习惯等状况.[结果]375名老年人中失牙率达到94.13％,女性失牙率(96.09％)高于男性(91.03％)(P＜0.01);全口无牙颌率为28.27％,女性全口无牙颌比例(34.35％)明显多于男性(18.62％)(P＜0.05);全口义齿修复率为91.51％(97/106).人均存牙数为11.54颗,男性人均存牙数(14.48颗/人)明显多于女性(9.70颗/人)(P＜0.05).上、下颌牙的后牙的失牙率均显著高于其前牙失牙率(P＜0.01).基本不刷牙的比例为20.53％,每天刷牙大于等于2次比例为33.33％.[结论]目前松江区敬老院老年人口腔健康口腔状况不容乐观,需多部门联合加强辖区敬老院老人口腔保健的宣教力度,提升居民口腔保健意识,改善老年人的缺牙修复水平,提高其生活质量.

目的:了解上海松江区小学生跌倒伤害流行病学特征和影响因素,为开展相应干预措施提供科学依据.方法:采用整群抽样方法,抽取松江区4所小学3715名小学生为研究对象进行问卷调查,其中男生1928人,女生1787人,平均年龄10.3岁.由学生和家长共同完成问卷,分析小学生的跌倒伤害的现状和影响因素.结果:上海松江区小学生跌倒伤害发生率为10.9％,男生(OR=1.370,95％CI:1.108～1.694)、家庭收入低(OR=1.156,95％CI:1.016～1.316)、住宅楼梯有致跌危险因素(OR=1.344,95％CI:1.072～1.684)、家庭阳台或窗边有摆放桌椅(OR=1.341,95％CI:1.015～1.774)是学生跌倒伤害发生的危险因素,本市户籍(OR=0.743,95％CI:0.596～0.928)、从未让孩子独自在运动场所玩耍(OR=0.836,95％CI:0.715～0.978)、孩子活动环境无不平道路(OR=0.747,95％CI:0.632～0.883)、学生认为跌伤可以预防(OR=0.687,95％CI:0.521～0.905)是学生跌倒伤害发生的保护因素.结论:上海松江区小学生跌倒伤害问题较严重,应针对学生跌倒发生的危险因素采取有针对性的干预措施.

目的 分析社区老年人多病共存的流行现状及其对死亡的影响程度,为社区老年人健康管理提供科学依据.方法 本研究采用前瞻性队列研究设计,首先于2015年采用多阶段随机抽样的方法选择上海市松江区的4 008名60岁及以上社区居民作为调查对象,于2016年、2017年和2018年分别追踪随访研究对象的死亡情况.对所有调查对象进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括基本人口学信息、多病共存情况、生活状态与健康行为和日常生活活动能力(ADL)测评.使用SPSS22.0进行数据整理及分析,使用R3.6.2软件进行绘图.生存资料使用COX比例风险模型分析.绘制生存曲线,并用log-rank法进行统计检验.结果 基线时多病共存发生率为34.6％,3年随访中共死亡214例,其中无病组死亡49例(4.10％),单一疾病组死亡71例(4.98％),多病共存组死亡94例(6.78％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).COX比例风险模型显示,控制其他影响因素后,多病共存患者死亡风险是无病组的3.18倍(HR=3.18,95％CI:2.16～4.67).log-rank检验结果显示,多病共存的死亡风险更高,有统计学意义(x2=9.333,P＜0.01).结论 多病共存会导致死亡风险增加,应积极开展以社区为基础的老年人综合管理.

目的 了解上海市成年社区居民肌肉和脂肪的含量及分布,为开展进一步研究提供基础数据.方法 采用多层随机抽样法,在上海市随机抽取6个区,每个区随机抽取4个街道,每个街道随机抽取20户,对家庭户中所有成年成员进行体成分测定和问卷调查.结果 共完成调查1009人,18～44岁、45～59岁和≥60岁年龄组男性和女性全身肌肉量平均为52.13 kg、49.97 kg、48.50 kg和37.10 kg、37.42 kg、36.03 kg,全身脂肪率平均为23.21％、24.23％、24.64％和31.11％、34.47％、34.80％.各年龄组男性全身肌肉量和内脏脂肪等级均高于相同年龄组女性.18-44岁年龄组男性全身肌肉量高于另外两组.≥60岁年龄组女性全身性肌肉量低于另外两组.男性和女性内脏脂肪等级随着年龄增长呈增加趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).男性各年龄组全身脂肪率差异无统计学意义.结论 随着年龄增加上海市居民肌肉量越来越低,内脏脂肪等级越来越高.男性应比女性更早关注肌肉量和体脂率的变化.

目的 了解松江区在校学生伤害发生情况及流行特征,为学生伤害干预提供依据.方法 采用学校-社区二级监测报告网络和因病缺课网络直报系统以及教育局考试中心提供的学生因伤害休退学信息,对2013—2017学年在校学生伤害资料进行统计分析.结果 学生伤害发生率为2.91‰.男女生伤害发生率比值2.56.伤害发生场所主要在学校.伤害发生原因依次为跌落(67.75％)、碰撞(14.88％)、交通事故(5.90％)、烧烫伤(2.54％).结论 应根据各年龄段学生特点开展针对性健康安全教育,加强学校-家庭-社会的综合监管,保护学生生命安全,促进学生健康.

目的 分析上海市松江区居民不同季节膳食钙的摄入量,为根据季节进行营养指导提供科学依据.方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取松江区464名15岁及以上居民作为监测对象,进行一般情况调查和四季的3d24h膳食询问调查.结果 居民膳食钙摄入水平总体低于推荐摄入量,女性膳食钙摄入量高于男性.总体膳食钙的摄入有季节性差异,冬季大于夏季.不同年龄人群膳食钙摄入量无统计学差异.老年人膳食钙摄入量的季节波动很小;而青年中年人群波动均相对较大.结论 松江区居民的膳食钙摄入情况不容乐观,需要在膳食中提高含钙食物的比例,且春季更要注意膳食钙的补充.

BackgroundTobacco smoking is a recognized risk factor for many chronic diseases and previous study evidences have indicated that smokers receive smoking cessation service after the diagnosis of chronic diseases increases successful rate in quitting. But the prevalence of tobacco related chronic diseases (TCD) among smokers, as well as the role of TCD diagnosis in smoking cessation is still unclear in China.MethodsFrom June 2016 to December 2017, we sampled 36, 698 residents aged over 18years by a three stage sampling in Songjiang district, Shanghai. We conducted a cross-sectional study to understand the prevalence of TCD among smokers, and the role of TCD diagnosis in smoking cessation among ex-smokers as well as the smoking cessation attempt among current smokers.ResultsOver all, the prevalence of current smoking is 19.78% (48.36% for male and 0.22% for female). 15.93% of smokers have stopped smoking successfully (1, 376/8, 636). The prevalence of ten selected TCDs among smokers range from 0.63% (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD) to 36.31% (hypertension). All of 1, 376 ex-smokers had at least one kind of TCD, and 52.33% of them stop smoking after the diagnosis of TCD, the time interval between TCD diagnosis and smoking cessation ranges from 0 to 65years, with a median of 9years. Smokers with TCD had higher prevalence of quit smoking, and current smokers with TCD had higher smoking cessation attempt proportion.ConclusionsThe prevalence of current smoking is still very high among male residents in rural area of Shanghai, and the occurrence of TCD even non-lethal one could provide an opportunity for doctors to assist the smoking cessation among smokers.

[目的]了解分析上海市松江区传染病导致缺课情况,为今后开展中小学生传染病防控工作提供参考和依据.[方法]从因病缺课系统中整理出传染病导致缺课数据信息进行分析.[结果]水痘、 手足口病和猩红热是导致缺课人次数和人天数较高的学生常见传染病.各学年中传染病缺课人次数显著高峰常出现在4、5、11、12月份,中心城区传染病缺课人次数较多.[结论]加强对传染病早期症状和疑似传染病患者的排查工作,加强相关传染病的防控工作.

PURPOSE:To explore the subfoveal thickness of sclera (SST), choroid (SCT) and retina (SRT) as well as their relationship in healthy Chinese children with varying levels of refractive error.METHODS:A total of 810 healthy Chinese schoolchildren and adolescents underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations, as well as swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) after induced cycloplegia. The thicknesses of the sclera, choroid and retina below the central fovea were measured manually, and each measurement was compared across different refractive statuses. Independent factors associated with the thickness of each layer were analysed.RESULTS:The mean SST, SCT and SRT were 524 ± 57 μm, 195 ± 49 μm and 224 ± 19 μm, respectively. The SSTs and SCTs of myopes were significantly thinner than those of emmetropes and hyperopes (all p < 0.001). Although the choroid seemed to be thicker in hyperopes (225 ± 46 μm) than in emmetropes (211 ± 45 μm), no statistically significant difference was observed between emmetropes and hyperopes in the sclera and choroid. Thinner SSTs and SCTs were associated with greater levels of myopia, whereas the SRT was similar in children with different myopic levels. SST (p < 0.001) and SCT (p = 0.003) as well as age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001) and axial length (p < 0.001) were independently associated with spherical equivalent refraction (SER). Older age (p = 0.013), myopic-shifted SER (p < 0.001), thicker SCT (p < 0.001) and thinner SRT (p = 0.012) were independently associated with a thinner SST.CONCLUSION:The subfoveal sclera and choroid were thinner in myopes than in emmetropes and hyperopes, while the retina remains constant. Age, refractive error and choroidal and retinal thicknesses are related to subfoveal scleral thickness.

Background: Few studies have applied the Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) in evaluating dietary quality across seasons. Method: The Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) included 1680 participants from all districts of Shanghai from 2012 to 2013. Dietary data were obtained using three-day 24-h recall in spring, summer, fall, and winter. Higher bound score (HBS), lower bound score (LBS) and diet quality distance (DQD) were calculated according to compliance with the dietary guidelines and based on the recommendations for consumption within the main food groups. HBS, LBS, and DQD represent over-intake, under-intake, and overall imbalance of the diet, respectively. Results: 836 males and 844 females were included. The HBS indicated that 10.08%, 11.84%, 10.31%, and 12.73% people have moderate or high levels of over-intake of food in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively; and 74.04%, 37.61%, 53.09%, and 42.72% people have moderate or high levels of deficit food intake for each of the four seasons. The mean HBS and LBS among the four seasons were statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean (SD) DQD was 43.27 (10.21), 35.67 (9.71), 39.19 (9.36), and 36.84 (9.45) in each season. A multivariable model showed statistically significant differences in DQD according to age, gender, occupational status, education, smoking, drinking status, season, and residency (p < 0.001). Conclusion: An unbalanced diet is common among people living in Shanghai. Seasonality and area of residence were found to be two significant predictors. Strengthening the accessibility and the supply of food across seasons and regions should be considered.

SIGNIFICANCE Our study found a good agreement between three autorefractors. Not only will readers benefit as they can now compare data measured with either device in different studies but the three devices can be used in the same study to generate one pool of data, which can be analyzed together. PURPOSE The present study aims to evaluate the agreement of three commonly used autorefractors in children and adolescents, and the potential for their interchangeable application in a large-scale study. METHODS Participants from seven schools were enrolled using cluster sampling. Refractive errors were measured using the following three autorefractors under cycloplegic conditions in random sequence: Topcon KR-8900, Nidek ARK-510A, and Huvitz HRK-7000A. Refractive errors were compared in terms of spherical equivalent refraction (SER), cylinder power, and the J0 and J45 by repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) and Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA). RESULTS A total of 2072 participants aged from 4 to 18 years were included. The mean ± SD and 95% LoA of the differences in SER between Topcon and Nidek, Topcon and Huvitz, and Nidek and Huvitz were 0.01 ± 0.24D (−0.46 to 0.48), −0.06 ± 0.31D (−0.66 to 0.54), and −0.07 ± 0.26D (−0.58 to 0.44), and those for the differences in cylinder power were −0.07 ± 0.26D (−0.57 to 0.44), 0.01 ± 0.32D (−0.63 to 0.64), and 0.07 ± 0.28D (−0.48 to 0.62), respectively (RM-ANOVA, P < .001). Further, the mean differences in J0 and J45 between each refractor pair ranged from −0.03 to 0.01, and the 95% LoA were −0.78 to 0.74, −0.79 to 0.74, and −0.73 to 0.72 for J0 and −0.86 to 0.87, −0.86 to 0.88, and −0.83 to 0.84 for J45, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study will allow for use of these three autorefractors interchangeably in large screening studies.

The purpose of the cross-sectional study is to describe the values and distribution of choroidal thickness and to explore its related factors, especially age, in Chinese children. A total of 3001 Chinese school children aged 6 to 19 years underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including axial length and cycloplegic refraction. Choroidal thickness was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). There was a greater difference in the more central regions between the myopes and emmetropes. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors of choroidal thickness. The results demonstrated that age was independently positively related to choroidal thickness for emmetropes (β = 3.859, p < 0.001), and mild myopes with spherical equivalent greater than −2.00 D (−1.25 D < spherical equivalent ≤ −0.50 D: β = 3.476, p = 0.006; −2.00 D < spherical equivalent ≤ −1.25 D: β = 3.232, p = 0.020). However, no significant relationship between age and choroidal thickness was found in children with spherical equivalent ≤ −2.00 D, suggesting that the protective effect of physiologic choroidal growth with age against rapid axial elongation disappeared while axial elongation becomes the dominant determinant of choroidal thickness among children with myopia worse than −2.00 D.

Objective To investigate the dietary pattern and health status of residents in Songjiang District,Shanghai from 2007 to 2012 and provide basis for nutrition education and nutrition improvement.Methods Data were systemized from "Health and Nutrition Survey among Residents in Shanghai",which was carried out in Songjiang District in 2007 and 2012.Statistical analysis was made on average every standard person daily intake of vrious foods,dietary pattern and change of health status.Results The average every standard person daily intake of cereal foods,fruits,milk,beans and nuts increased as compared with those in 2007,while the intake of vegetables,aquatic products,livestock and poultry meat decreased from 2007 to 2012 in Songjiang District.And the intake of the livestock and poultry meat declined the most (from 137.4 g to78.8 g),that was closer to the recommended intake.Residents''intake of energy and nutients both decreased except dietary fiber and VitC,and the proportion of energy supply with carbohydrates had an increasing trend while the fat for energy supply a rising trend.The prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia,high blood pressure and diabetes for residents aged 15 and above were on the rise.Conclusion The dietary pattern of residents in Songjiang District has been with irrationality and nutrition related diseases such as hyperlipidemia,high blood pressure and diabetes has had a remarkably rising trend.Specific and various nutrition education should be carried out to promote the establishment of rational diet concepts and to improve the residents'' health level.