了解高原环境特点及其对人体的影响,掌握其对健康影响的规律,对飞行人员适应高原环境,保持飞行能力,保障飞行安全具有重要意义.为此,我们对某部进驻高原开展夜间飞行训练的飞行员进行了夜间暗适应功能调查,以期为圆满完成高原夜航训练任务提供参考依据.

Objective To investigate the effects of plateau flight on physiological parameters and flight workload of high performance fighter pilots.Methods Thirteen healthy male highperformance fighter pilots entered plateau in 2 batches,8 pilots stationed for 3 months and the others stationed for 1 week.Pilots' heart rate was tested before flight and compared with the referenced value that previously tested at normal altitude level.Pilots＇ physiological parameters were detected for 25 sorties that covered 4 flight conditions (patrol,air combat,night flight,virgin flight on plateau).The changes of heart rate and respiratory rate were analyzed.Results ① Pilots' heart rate detected before flight was significant higher than the referenced value (t=5.447,3.269,P＜0.05).②Heart rate significantly varied in different flight phases and among different flight conditions (F=9.831-204.906,P＜0.01).Pilots' heart rate in preparation,taxiing and taking-off,approaching and landing phases was significant higher than that in level flying phase (P＜0.01).Condition 4 (virgin flight on plateau) caused higher heart rate than that in other flight conditions in all phases except in quiet (P＜0.01).③There was significant difference on respiratory rate in different flight phases and conditions (F=1.971-140.035,P＜0.01).Pilots＇ respiratory rate in the landing of condition 2,3 and 4 was much higher than that in condition 1.Pilots' respiratory rate in all phases of flight condition 4 was the highest (P＜0.05 or 0.01).④Pilots' heart rate significantly reduced when backup oxygen supplied in landing and the mean decrease was (15.89±6.37) beat/min (t=5.580,P＜0.01).Conclusions For the pilots stationed on plateau the physiological and flight workloads are much higher than theirs on plain.It is recommended that keeping pilots mask wearing and backup oxygen supply in landing would be beneficial to reduce the cardio-pulmonary loads caused by hypoxia.

高原地区冬季低气压、缺氧与寒冷并存,天气多变,昼夜温差大,寒冷天气长达6个月.在这种条件下进行飞行训练,给航空卫勤保障工作增加了很大难度.我们积极克服各种困难,不断探索高原冬季航空卫勤保障方法,确保了部队飞行训练安全和战斗力的提高.现将高原冬季驻训的航空卫勤保障体会报告如下. 1高原冬季飞行的卫勤保障难点 1.1飞行效率降低在高原低气压和缺氧条件下,飞行人员注意力难以集中,记忆力和精细活动能力下降.飞行效率降低程度与海拔高度、进入高原的速度和在高原的驻留时间等有关,随着在高原驻留时间的延长,飞行员对高原环境逐步适应,飞行效率逐渐恢复,但仍难以达到平原地区水平.

一、临床资料 高性能战斗机飞行员,男性,39岁,驻地海拔高度3680m,飞行总时间1924 h,新近至高原飞行.平素健康,能适应空中生活,抗荷抗缺氧能力良好.飞行前睡眠、饮食均好,体检无异常发现,起飞前开始吸氧.高空飞行时感觉吸气困难,头晕,操纵略显困难.检查供氧系统正常,立即启动备用氧,症状无明显改变,随即报告指挥员,下降高度,改自动驾驶,15 min后安全着陆.向航医诉说头晕、心慌,余无异常.检查见面色略苍白,血压120/80 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),脉搏120次/min,经皮血氧饱和度85％,余无异常.检查供氧设备,发现在吸气时氧气面罩活门盘下降不全,氧气不能顺畅供应,导致飞行员吸气困难.

为保障航空兵某部在高海拔地区进行夜间飞行训练,我部卫勤机关和保障人员高度重视、严密组织,采取针对性保障措施,圆满完成了卫勤保障任务.现将有关情况报告如下. 1 高原夜间飞行对飞行员的主要影响 1.1产生飞行错觉此次驻训的高海拔地区,空气含氧量只有平原地区的65％左右.