INTRODUCTION:Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZLHX) is a traditional Chinese medicinal compound preparation, which exhibits obvious therapeutic effects on aspirin resistance (AR). However, the mechanism of ZLHX on AR is rarely reported.OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of AR and the underlying mechanisms of ZLHX on AR rats.METHODS:An AR model was established through treatment with a high-fat, high-sugar, and highsalt diet for 12 weeks and oral administration of aspirin (27 mg/kg/day) and ibuprofen (36 mg/kg/day) in weeks 9-12. The rats were administrated with ZLHX (225, 450, and 900 mg/kg) from week 12 to week 16. Blood samples were collected after the experiment. Thromboelastography analysis was performed, and the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined. Furthermore, the levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6- keto-PGF1α) were determined with commercial ELISA kits. Finally, the gene expressions of microRNA- 126-3p (miRNA-126-3p) and miRNA-34b-3p were detected through a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Results demonstrated that ZLHX significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in the AR rats. Moreover, ZLHX markedly decreased the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the level of HDL-C. Meanwhile, ELISA results confirmed that ZLHX can elevate the expression levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α. Further studies suggested that ZLHX significantly downregulated the expression levels of miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-34b-3p.CONCLUSION:This study revealed that the therapeutic effect of ZLHX might be related to the regulation of lipid metabolism and the miRNA pathway.

目的 筛选注射用伏立康唑的最优调配方法及配伍溶媒,确保用药安全、有效,提高静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)药品调配的工作效率.方法 采用3种不同的调配方法,方法A按说明书方法;方法 B专用溶剂反复冲洗西林瓶约6～7次至溶液澄清透明;方法 C注入专用溶剂,强力振荡至溶液澄清透明;并检测各调配方法下药品的残留量、成品输液质量及各调配方法所耗时间;以及模拟成品输液运送过程,观察不同条件下配伍液的外观,检测其pH值、不溶性微粒数和伏立康唑含量变化.结果 三种调配方法下,残留量合格率均为100％,方法A、B、C组残留量分别为(0.0043±0.0001)g、(0.0042±0.0001)g、(0.0040±0.0000)g,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);方法 A、B、C组调配时间分别为(33.6160±0.8873)s、(2.6480±0.4288)s、(1.6700±0.3269)s,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).选用5％葡萄糖注射液作为溶媒,三种调配方法下所得配伍液在8 h内,其外观、pH值、不溶性微粒、主药百分含量均符合规定;与0.9％氯化钠注射液配伍,则0.5 h开始出现浑浊,药物析出结晶,2 h百分含量下降至86.16％;模拟成品输液运送过程,轻度、强度振摇下的配伍液分别在1.5 h和1 h开始出现浑浊,药物析出结晶,轻度振摇下其百分含量在3 h下降至89.41％,强度振摇下其百分含量在1.5 h下降至88.84％.结论 临床应选择5％葡萄糖注射液作为注射用伏立康唑的溶媒,成品输液在8h内稳定;为提高药品的调配效率,采用调配方法C专用溶剂溶解后,选择强力振荡至西林瓶内溶液澄清透明的调配方法;成品输液避免振摇.

静脉用药调配的工作质量直接影响患者的生命健康.传统的静脉用药调配方式为纯人工操作,具有强度大、风险高、人员紧缺、职业损伤等缺点.近年来,随着全国各大医院静脉用药调配中心(pharmacy intravenous admixture services ,PIVAS)的不断发展,PIVAS在医院的重要性更加凸显[1].合理使用智能化设备可在一定程度上提高 PIVAS的工作效率,降低劳动强度[2 ] ,但由于我国自动化设备在PIVAS的应用尚处于探索阶段,目前还无法取代熟练的调配人员[3].

In order to strengthen the automation level of intravenous infusion mixing and dispensing, improve the work efficiency, and reduce the drug risk caused by dispensing errors, we explore the development of automatic auxiliary dispensing equipment in the Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service and verify the performance of the equipment. The drug dispensing data of the automated auxiliary blending equipment during the dosing and dispensing process from January to June 2020 were collected as the experimental group, and the traditional operation data from January to June 2019 were used as the control group. The stability, quality, and speed of the equipment were verified and evaluated according to the provisions of “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” and “Quality Management Standards for Centralized Dispensing of IV Drugs”. The equipment in this study has good stability. Compared with the control group, the dosing error rate of the experimental group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the dispensing speed was significantly faster (P < 0.001). In addition, no statistical significance was observed in the quality of the drug, and the residual amount of the drug solution met the requirements. The automatic auxiliary dispensing equipment is simple in operation, convenient in use, and stable in clinical trial performance. Compared with manual dispensing, it has greater advantages and has the value of development and promotion in intravenous drug dispensing in large hospitals.

目的 探讨肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)拮抗剂对慢性永久性脑缺血大鼠神经血管单元的保护作用.方法 将50只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阿利吉仑组、依那普利组、坎地沙坦组各10只.正常组不结扎血管行假手术,其余4组采用不同时点分别永久性结扎左右侧颈总动脉制备慢性脑缺血大鼠模型.模型制备成功后,模型组及正常组以1 ml/100 g蒸馏水灌胃,阿利吉仑组按照30 mg/(kg·d)、依那普利组按照4 mg/(kg·d)、坎地沙坦组按照2 mg/(kg·d)剂量分别给予对应药物,连续灌胃30 d.采用免疫组织化学SP法检测脑组织胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、水通道蛋白(AQP)4、神经元核抗原(NeuN)水平,TUNEL检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 与正常组相比,模型组GFAP、LN、AQP4、NeuN的水平明显降低(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,阿利吉仑组、依那普利组、坎地沙坦组GFAP、LN、AQP4、NeuN的水平均明显升高(P＜0.05).与正常组比较,模型组脑皮质凋亡神经细胞明显增多(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,各用药组凋亡细胞减少有明显改善(P＜0.05).结论 RAS拮抗剂可上调GFAP、LN、AQP4、NeuN水平,减轻细胞凋亡对慢性脑缺血后神经血管单元有保护作用.

目的:调查分析我院PIVAS静脉注射剂药品说明书儿童用药内容,为PIVAS药师审核儿童用药处方提供参考,保障儿童用药的安全有效.方法:对我院PIVAS在用的238份注射剂药品说明书调查分析.结果:儿童用药信息的标注率西药高于中成药,儿童用药项缺乏率西药远低于中成药.结论:静脉注射剂药品说明书中儿童用法标注率较低,需重视并完善药品说明书,以保障儿童用药安全.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the ability of learning,memory and space exploration of rats with vascular dementia (VD) and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Forty-five rats were randomly divided into three groups:the experimental group,model group,and normal group,with 15 rats in each.The VD model was prepared in the experimental group and the model group through bilateral carotid artery ligation at different time points (we ligated the right carotid artery three days after the left carotid artery was ligated).The normal group used the same method to separate the bilateral carotid arteries,but we did not ligate the common carotid artery.At the beginning of the first day after modeling,rhGH (0.2 IU/100 g) was injected into the neck of the rats in the experimental group,while rats of the normal group and model group were given the same amount of normal sodium once a day for 28 days.Water maze test was used to assess the ability of learning and memory and space exploration of rats.ELISA was used to detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) in the serum,cortex,and hippocampus.TUNEL apoptosis staining was used to observe the status of neuronal apoptosis (IOD value).Results Compared with the normal group,the experimental group from the first to the fourth day and the model group from the first to the sixth day had longer escape latency (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the experimental group had shorter escape latency on the 2nd,4th,5th,and 6th days (P ＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the experimental group and the normal group passed the platforms more (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,the levels of VEGF,IGF-1,and GH in the serum,cortex,and hippocampus of the experimental group increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the normal group,the levels of VEGF,IGF-1,and GH in the serum,cortex,and hippocampus of the model group decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the IOD value of TUNEL apoptosis staining in the hippocampus of the experimental group and the normal group decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The rhGH can improve the ability of learning,memory,and space exploration in VD rats by increasing the VEGF and IGF-1 levels in the serum,cortex,and hippocampus.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and brain function. Therefore, we studied the dynamic changes in the RAAS in the blood, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus and the effects of RAAS inhibitors on spatial learning and memory and hippocampal apoptosis in a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) established by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries of rats. The levels of renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone (ALD) in the plasma, and the homogenates of the left side of cerebral cortex and whole hippocampus of rats were detected on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 by radioimmunoassay. Spatial learning and memory and hippocampal apoptosis were evaluated on day 30 by Morris water maze test (navigation and space exploration tests) and terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively, after rats were orally administered with distilled water (DW), renin inhibitor aliskiren (30 mg/kg), Ang converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (4 mg/kg), or Ang II receptor antagonist candesartan (2 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. The results showed that the levels of renin and Ang II were significantly higher but ALD fluctuated in the blood, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus in CCI rats compared to normal rats. However, aliskiren and enalapril could significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the levels of renin, Ang II and ALD in the blood, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus compared to DW treatment; while candesartan had similar effect on renin and ALD but no effect on Ang II in CCI rats. Furthermore, spatial learning and memory were significantly decreased but apoptosis in the hippocampus was obviously increased in CCI rats compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). However, aliskiren, enalapril, and candesartan were equally effective to improve spatial learning and memory and decrease apoptosis in the hippocampus. Therefore, RAAS plays an important role in the development of cerebral ischemia and RAAS inhibitors aliskiren, enalapril, and candesartan improve spatial learning and memory and protect brain injury by inhibiting hippocampal apoptosis in CCI rats.

Objective To investigate the rational dispensation method of Propacetamol Hydrochloride for Injection,and to ensure the safe-ty and effectiveness of deployment of the finished product. Methods The propacetamol hydrochloride was diluted by volume ratio of 1:50,which were compatible with 0. 9％ Sodium Chloride Injection,5％ Glucose and Sodium Chloride Injection,10％ Glucose Injection, 5％ Glucose Injection and Invert Sugar Injection,and 0. 9％ Sodium Chloride Injection diluted by the volume ratio of 1:100. The mor-phological characteristics of the mixture were observed,and the pH,insoluble particles and content change of propacetamol hydrochloride were measured. Results 0. 9％ Sodium Chloride Injection was chosen as solvent,in accordance with the volume ratio of 1:50 diluted solution of the drug compatibility and good stability in 2 h. There was little change in the content of propacetamol hydrochloride,and the pH and insoluble particles met the requirements. Conclusion 0. 9％ Sodium Chloride Injection should be used as preferred solvent with dilution volume ratio of 1:50 for Propacetamol Hydrochloride for Injection and it should be used in a short time after configured.

目的 探讨按病区排药和按药品排药两种方法对静脉用药调配中心各项工作的影响.方法 共30个工作日,两种排药方法各15 d进行比较.结果 按病区顺序排药时平均每袋静脉输液的花费总时间为152 s,而按药品顺序排药时则为137 s,两组间差异显著;按病区顺序排药时平均每袋静脉输液排药、核对和配液环节的时间分别为26.3、28.3和54.1 s,而按药品顺序排药时则分别为19.9、28.4和44.5 s,两组间差异显著;结论 排药可提高工作效率降低差错率,应作为首选方法.

Objective To compare alcoholic fatty liver effects of different volume fraction of ethanol extracts from Penthorum Chinese Pursh (EPCP) in rats.Methods Rat models of alcoholic fatty liver were in-duced by intragastric administration of alcohol and breeding provender with FeSO 4.Meanwhile , the rats were treated with tiopronin ( 50 mg· kg-1· d-1, for 4 weeks), different volume fraction (35%, 55%, 75%, 95%, 3 g· kg -1 · d -1 , 10 mL · kg -1 ) of ethanol EPCP for 4 weeks.The histopathological changes in the liver were determined.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG)and low-density and lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL -C ) were determined.Results Rat models of alcoholic fatty liver were induced successfully after 6 weeks intragastric administration of alcoho 1.Compared to the model group , the steatosis states of liver in EPCP group were improved , while the serum TC, TG and LDL -C levels decreased significantly ( P <0.05, P<0.01).Compared to the 35%EPCP group, the serum AST, TC,TG and LDL -C levels of 75% and 95% ethanol EPCP group decreased significantly ( P <0.05 , P<0.01 ).Conclusion Both the different volume fraction of EPCP can prevent alcoholic fatty liver , the 75%,95%EPCP groups have better effect on alcoholic fatty liver.