The digital economy transforms global trade, creating new opportunities for exporters and sectors to improve international competitiveness. To understand the digital economy’s complex effects on microenterprises, this study uses a heterogeneous firm model and matched samples from China’s industrial enterprise and customs databases from 2004 to 2013. The paper explores the complex relationship between digital economy development, export enterprise markup, and resource allocation efficiency theoretically and empirically using panel regression analysis. Results show a sharp increase in export enterprise markup due to the digital economy’s production cost and productivity changes. Further disaggregation shows that digital economy progress, notably in the east, together with capital intensity, technology intensity, and non-state ownership, boosts export enterprise markup. Regions with fewer institutional impediments also improve. The study also shows how the digital economy reduces export enterprise markup discrepancies and improves resource allocation. These findings demonstrate how digital economy expansion drives innovation, efficiency, and competitiveness in global trade paradigms, supporting high-quality international trade growth and the knowledge economy’s goals.

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的显著特征,数字经济是促进公平与效率更加统一的新经济形态.文章将数字经济、制度环境和共同富裕纳入同一分析框架,使用 2010-2021 年地区层面数据,在测算数字经济发展与共同富裕指标的基础上,通过双向固定效应面板模型,实证检验了数字经济发展对共同富裕的影响,以及制度环境发挥的调节作用.研究发现:数字经济发展促进了共同富裕水平,且良好的制度环境发挥了明显的正向调节作用.异质性分析发现,数字基础设施对共同富裕程度的促进作用最强,产业数字化次之,数字产业化促进作用最弱;东部和中部地区数字经济发展对共同富裕促进作用明显,西部地区不明显.机制检验进一步发现,数字经济主要通过提升人力资本和优化产业结构促进共同富裕.

Given the magnitude impact of global value chains (GVCs) in reconstructing the pattern of world trade, its employment implications deserve thorough study. In this paper we explore the impact of GVCs position on employment across countries and its heterogeneous mechanisms. We perform an in-depth theoretical analysis followed by an empirical test using panel data for 56 industries in 42 countries from 2000 to 2014. The results show that enhancing the GVCs position will significantly increase employment, with a more pronounced effect in developing countries. Mechanical tests demonstrate a positive wage effect for developed countries. For developing countries, there is a positive demand effect and a negative factor substitution effect. Heterogeneity tests show that developed countries promote employment primarily by improving the forward GVCs position. Developing countries boost employment mainly by reducing the backward GVCs position. Further research has revealed that employment in developed countries has a clear preference for industries with higher GVCs, crowding out employment in other industries. This paper has enriched research on the employment implications of GVCs position and exploring the possible crowding effect during the evolution of the position of GVCs, which has been informative and insightful for countries in formulating GVCs participation and employment policies.

This article constructs the subsystems of modern finance and the real economy by selecting indicators. Using the method of coupling coordination analysis, it measures the coordination status of 30 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China. The findings show that only 7 provinces are in a coordinated state, while the remaining 23 provinces are in a disordered state. To address this general lack of coordination, we analyze the direct and indirect mechanisms of artificial intelligence (AI) based on its principles of operation and conduct empirical tests. In the empirical analysis, we measure the level of AI innovation development using patent data from the Qizhidao Database and the level of AI technology application using data on industrial robot penetration from the International Federation of Robotics. We employ panel data at the provincial level from 2010 to 2019 and conduct least squares regression tests on the direct and indirect effects of AI. The results are significant and pass robustness tests, endogeneity tests, and heterogeneity tests. The research findings indicate that AI can directly promote the coordinated development of green finance and the real economy by addressing information asymmetry and other issues. It can also indirectly promote their coordinated development by improving institutional levels, technological levels, human capital levels, and government governance capabilities. Furthermore, subgroup analysis reveals that the effects are more pronounced in regions with higher investment in AI research and development, a larger number of AI talents, and better AI infrastructure. These results are consistent with the basic logical understanding. Finally, based on the research conclusions, we propose four policy recommendations to increase the application of AI in the fields of economy and finance.

文章首先利用拓展的MO模型分析了生产分割对出口产品质量的影响,并研究服务业对外开放在其中的调节作用,之后使用2001～2013年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库匹配的样本进行了检验.结果 显示:生产分割显著提升出口产品质量,服务业开放扩大了生产分割对出口产品质量的正面影响;该结论在经过解决样本选择偏误、工具变量法和替换变量法等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;此外,生产分割对不同性质企业出口产品质量具有差异化影响,显著提高了资本密集型企业、技术密集型企业、非垄断企业和非国有企业的出口产品质量;机制分析表明,生产分割通过提升企业生产率和进口中间品质量两条渠道提升出口产品质量.

本文通过将服务要素和汇率波动引入拓展的MO理论模型,并使用2001-2013年中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库匹配的样本研究了服务业对外开放对出口企业加成率的影响.研究结果表明:服务业对外开放显著提升了出口企业加成率,但人民币升值减弱了服务业开放的正面影响,该结论在经过工具变量法、替换变量等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;服务业对外开放对技术密集型企业、非垄断企业、加工和非加工贸易企业加成率的提升作用明显,但随着人民币升值该促进作用逐渐减弱;服务业对外开放通过提升产品质量促进出口企业加成率,人民币升值通过价格效应抑制出口企业加成率;服务业对外开放和人民币升值均显著降低了加成率离散程度,优化了资源配置;服务业对外开放通过资源再配置效应提升了行业加成率.

将"一带一路"倡议作为一次准自然实验,利用2010-2016年中国海关数据,运用双重差分法考察"一带一路"倡议对中国企业出口产品质量的影响及其作用机制.研究显示:"一带一路"倡议显著提高了企业出口产品质量,良好的地区制度环境强化了"一带一路"倡议对出口产品质量的正面影响;"一带一路"倡议对非垄断企业和非国有企业出口产品质量提升的影响更为明显;"一带一路"倡议对企业出口决策产生影响,其对出口产品质量的影响主要通过成本效应和进口中间品质量效应两条渠道实现.

深化服务业对外开放是现阶段提升我国企业国际竞争力的重要手段.文章利用国内国际数据进行对比后发现,全球各主要经济体服务化趋势日益明显,服务业开放水平不断提升.但与发达国家相比,我国服务业开放水平仍较低,特别是在生产性服务部门如金融、通信和法律等领域更为明显.改革开放后,我国企业国际竞争力经历了初步形成、竞争力初显、加速提升和不断强大四个发展阶段,但仍存在生产率低、盈利能力弱和品牌价值不强的问题.在经济高质量发展时期,服务业对外开放通过减少企业生产成本、学习发达国家先进技术、整合优势资源和优化产品质量四条路径提升我国企业竞争力.因此,文章提出把生产性服务业开放作为主攻方向,以国际国内双循环提升对外开放水平,树立"中国制造"品牌价值,根据不同服务部门渐进开放的政策建议.

随着经济高质量发展和产业结构优化升级,生产性服务业占制造业比重逐年提升,产业融合已成为制造业升级的重要驱动力.本文首先进行理论分析,总结出生产性服务业与制造业融合通过成本效应、集聚效应和创新效应三条作用渠道促进制造业的升级,之后使用2005-2014年世界投入产出数据库(WIOD),测算出生产性服务业与制造业融合的具体指标,检验产业融合对制造业升级的影响.研究发现,生产性服务业与制造业的融合显著促进制造业升级,这一促进效果在发达国家更为明显,该结论在经过稳健性检验后依然成立.异质性分析结果表明,生产性服务业中的金融和通讯服务业与制造业的融合对制造业升级影响最明显.

本文在"万众创新"的时代背景下,选取2012～2017年沪深A股2467家上市公司作为研究样本,对政府补贴、融资约束与民营企业创新之间的关系进行实证研究.研究发现:总体看,政府补贴与企业创新之间显著正相关,且政府补贴对民营企业创新的促进作用更加明显;融资约束与企业创新之间显著负相关,民营企业比国有企业面临更高的融资约束;进一步研究表明,融资约束会阻碍政府补贴对企业创新的促进作用的发挥,且这一问题在民营企业中更加严重.根据研究结论,本文从政府与市场两个维度提出构建亲清新型政商关系与营造公平环境加大市场竞争的政策建议.