This research aims to find out the lifestyle and reference group of Xiaomi smartphone purchasing decisions in Bogor City. This type of research uses a Quantitative approach. Sampling using Slovin Technique, with a sample count of 100 respondents. The data collection method is done using the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used in this study is a multiple linear analysis technique. This research uses the SPSS Test tool. The results showed that partially lifestyle had a significant effect on purchasing decisions. This is evidenced by getting a greater t-count value when compared to the t-table value (5,028 > 1,984) with a significant level of 0.05. Reference Group has no significant influence on purchasing decisions. This can be proven by obtaining a greater t count value when compared to ttable (0,808 > 1,984) with a significant level of 0.05. While simultaneously there is the influence of Lifestyle and Reference Group on Purchasing Decision in Bogor City. With the calculation result that has been done generates a value of Fhitung count > Ftable of (15,379 > 3.09) with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between lifestyle and reference groups on purchasing decisions
In The use of cosmetics has become an important need for most women. As technology evolves, brands have an ever-increasing arsenal of weapons to use in creating brand experiences. Wardah is a cosmetic brand that is quite attractive to women because it is safe to use and has a halal label. Customers' love for the Wardah brand is based on products that are safe on the skin, easy to find, and varied products. Wardah products occupy the second position as a local beauty brand. The research was conducted using quantitative methods by distributing online questionnaires to women aged 17-45 years old, living in Yogyakarta, having an interest in Wardah products, and having experience buying Wardah products. The results in this study indicate that the three supporting attributes of brand experience, namely sensory brand experience, behavioral brand experience, and intellectual brand experience, all have a positive influence on brand authenticity. The variables that have the strongest influence and are directly related to brand authenticity are sensory brand experience, behavioral brand experience, and intellectual brand experience. While the affective brand experience variable is not proven to have a significant effect on brand authenticity. And the brand authenticity variable has a positive and significant effect on brand love.
This study aims to determine the impact of street vendors and the increase in parking rates on consumer interest. This study uses quantitative descriptive data and primary data. The data collection method used in this research is using observation and questionnaires. The method used in this regression research is the classical assumption test, simple linear and multiple linear regression analysis. The variables used in this study used two variables, namely the dependent variable and the independent variable. The dependent variable is street vendors while the independent variable is the increase in parking rates. The results showed that the impact of street vendors and the increase in tariffs had a significant impact on consumer interest in visiting and had a major influence on the development of Surya Kencana Bogor culinary tourism.
This research aims to analyze and determine the investment decisions that investors will make between the stock exchange or deposits at PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia and Bank Mandiri for the period 2011 to 2015. The information contained in financial reports is very useful for parties such as investors, financial reports are used to help make investment decisions and to determine the development and progress of company activities. Investors' decisions are based on a comparison of Return on investment (ROI), Interest Rates, and Inflation. The research results stated that the level of Return On Investment (ROI) at PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia was higher than Bank Mandiri over 5 years, which stated that investors were more interested in investing their funds in shares. The higher the return on investment value of a company, the higher the interest of investors in investing their funds in that company. Because the rate of return will be greater and greater interest will increase the share price.
This research describes the financial performance based on the Economic Value Added (EVA) method, which aims to know the condition of Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT), Cost of Capital (COC) condition, and financial performance condition based on Economic Value Added (EVA) in telecommunications company which is listed on BEI. The sample using PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, PT. XL Axiata and PT. Indosat. on 2012-2016. This research uses a descriptive with quantitative approach. The result of the analysis shows that the condition of NOPAT PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia and PT. XL Axiata is good and positive, while NOPAT PT. Indosat in 2013 is negative. The condition of COC for all companies is positive and fluctuating. EVA Condition for PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia on 2012-2016 positive, which means EVA> 0. It shows that the company can add value for the company. EVA condition for PT. XL Axiata in 2012 and 2013 was positive or EVA> 0, on 2014 and 2015 EVA was negative or EVA < 0 and in 2016 EVA had a positive result. PT. Indosat is only able to make value for the company just on 2012 and 2016 with EVA positive or EVA> 0, then on 2013 to 2015 the result of EVA is negative or EVA < 0 which means the company cannot make a value-added for the company.
Taxes are a form of obligation that people often ignore, resulting in tax arrears and fines. For this reason, the government then created a program, namely tax whitening. Therefore, researchers conducted research to understand the consequences of reducing motor vehicle tax on the realization of motor vehicle tax revenue in Indonesia in 2020-2022. The research model applies qualitative using library research methods. Researchers used primary and secondary sources consisting of articles, books, laws and online news. Data collection applies documentation techniques with research instruments in the form of research material classification checklists. Data analysis applies a descriptive data analysis model which includes reading data sources, making notes, processing notes, then compiling reports. The result of tax whitening could result in positive feedback on Indonesian motor vehicle tax revenues in 2020-2022. The percentage of motor vehicle tax revenue realization increases every year. In nominal terms, PKB increases by IDR 3-5 trillion every year. This means that the more often tax relief is carried out, the level of taxpayer compliance will also increase and tax revenues from motor vehicle taxes will also increase.
本文重点考察了双向直接投资内外联动对内资企业创新的影响.本文利用1998-2013年中国工业企业层面数据和专利数据库进行实证分析,结果表明,引进外资与对外直接投资的内外联动有利于内资企业创新水平的提高;机制作用分析显示,对外直接投资通过吸收能力效应以及人力资本效应正向调节着引进外资对内资企业创新的影响,引进外资通过人力资本效应和行业竞争效应正向调节着对外直接投资对内资企业创新的影响,在国际直接投资影响企业创新时溢出效应与逆向溢出效应互为前提;异质性分析结果表明,对外直接投资的类型与动机影响着双向直接投资的内外联动作用,仅在同一东道国市场和仅在不同东道国市场经营的内资企业、以市场开拓为海外投资动机的内资企业从双向直接投资内外联动中获利.
本文基于TAPED数据库对涉及41个国家2007-2021年的优惠贸易协定(PTA)数字贸易条款深度(DTCs)进行测算,结合双边国家服务业增加值数据,实证检验了PTA数字贸易条款深度对成员国间服务业增加值贸易关联的影响.研究发现,PTA数字贸易条款总深度的提升促进了成员国间的服务业增加值贸易关联.同时,相较于前沿性DTCs,传统性DTCs对服务业增加值贸易关联的正向影响更为显著;电子商务、知识产权、数据流动条款深度对增加值贸易关联的促进作用依次递减;DTCs的提升对增加值贸易关联的正向影响在信息产业、生产性服务业、生活性服务业中依次递减.此外,不同类型PTA数字贸易条款总深度对增加值贸易关联的影响程度具有差异性,其中北—南型的促进作用最为明显,其次为北—北型,而南—南型的影响并不明确.机制检验发现,DTCs可以通过降低贸易成本以及提升数字生产要素投入比例,提高成员国在服务业价值链中的地位.
通过扩大政府采购促使制造业回流是美国政府当前的重点政策方向,本文实证研究了美国政府采购本土化政策对于中国出口产品定价、出口边际以及企业绩效的影响.研究结果表明:在排除了关税、出口产品质量变化以及其他内生性影响之后,遭受政府采购本土化政策冲击的中国出口产品价格将显著上升,其主要原因是美国政府采购所造成的出口产品市场分割.政府采购本土化主要影响出口企业的集约边际而非扩展边际,并且这一负面冲击还会降低企业的全要素生产率、销售额、托宾Q和总资产回报率.本文的研究为我国设计政府采购政策提供参考,在政策实施时应该同时考虑政府采购对于国内市场和国外出口企业的影响.
本文通过将增加值贸易核算方法拓展至企业层面,系统刻画了2000-2013年中国制造业企业与数字技术的融合程度及其结构特点.结果表明:尽管随着国内数字化水平的提高,中国制造业企业与数字技术的融合取得了显著提升,但是提升背后却隐藏着国内服务数字化缺位束缚制造业发展的困境;无论是跨国对比,还是区分贸易类型,这种"大而不强"的特征都十分明显;考虑到数字服务经济效益高于数字产品,国内数字化水平结构失调很难促进中国制造业的高质量发展;计量模型显示,市场潜力更加偏好于促进国内数字服务投入,外资渗透度更加倾向于利用国内数字产品替代国内数字服务.这在一定程度上解释了数字经济蓬勃发展和制造业低端锁定并存的现象,同时为推动中国制造业高质量发展提供了切实依据.
随着世界贸易的深入和知识产权保护水平的加强,知识产权贸易展现出了新的特征.本文通过分析知识产权贸易网络的特征与我国在其中的地位,利用指数随机图模型探讨了知识产权保护对知识产权贸易的影响.研究发现:(1)知识产权贸易网络在逐渐变得活跃而密集的同时出现了去中心化的趋势,但是两极分化的情况依然明显,我国在该网络中的地位逐渐提升,成为了重要的网络枢纽;(2)两个国家间的知识产权保护水平差距越大,保护水平较强的国家向较弱的国家的知识产权出口额越大;两国间知识产权保护的总水平与知识产权出口额间呈现"U"型关系;(3)知识产权贸易网络存在自组织效应,互惠性、传递闭合性等网络效应对网络发展起到了显著的推动作用;(4)国家发展水平和创新水平越高,知识产权保护对知识产权贸易的推动作用越强;(5)国家提高对知识产权的保护水平,有利于推动贸易协定的签订,进而促进了知识产权贸易关系的产生.本研究为知识产权保护与出口间的关系提供了客观的经验证据,丰富了知识产权贸易网络的文献,并对我国完善知识产权保护制度和协调对外贸易政策提供一定的理论参考.
本文采用2000-2013年中国制造业企业微观数据,选取中国—东盟自贸协定(CAFTA)作为准自然实验,结合双重差分因果识别策略,研究了FTA战略影响中国企业工序智能化的价值链重塑传导路径.实证结果表明,FTA战略总体上延长了中国制造业企业前向价值链长度,对其价值链重塑具有促进作用,且通过了双重差分估计的有效性要求及其他稳健性检验.FTA战略主要推动了中国制造业企业本土中间品部门对工业机器人等智能要素的使用,在价值链重塑传导作用下,企业国内工序智能化水平随之上升,而国际工序智能化水平随之下降;同时,价值链重塑发挥了人与工业机器人在任务分配上的比较优势,从而实现"人机和谐".并非所有企业工序智能化都会受到FTA战略的影响,技术密集型行业的加工贸易企业在对高贸易壁垒伙伴国出口贸易的过程中,更加关注中间品的自主创新从而避免遭遇"卡脖子"风险,其通过价值链重塑对国内工序智能化转型的推动作用更为明显.
本文基于2000-2014年中国对非援助跨国面板数据,检验了中国对非援助的实际成效.研究结果表明:中国外援有效促进了援助双方的政治互信和经济互融,而受限于中国外援项目主要模式单一,忽视"软"援助且在技术溢出、文化互通方面尚存在优化空间;异质性分析显示,以基础设施为主的"硬"援助、减让性要素最多的官方发展援助以及直接拨款的援助方式对政治互信的影响更具优势;以免费技术援助为典型的间接援助方式是促进中非双方技术合作的良好通道;扩展性分析显示,对于非洲地区的国家,石油资源越多,并不意味着越能吸引更多来自中国的援助;在考察了援助与非洲当期及未来石油开采之间的关系后尚未发现中国外援"资源掠夺论"的合理依据.本文研究结果符合构建"中非命运共同体"应有之义,对制定对外援助战略方针、推动国际发展合作有一定参考意义.
企业转换进口市场具有化解外部风险和平抑进口波动的重要功能.本文系统描述了中国企业进口市场转换的特征事实,并探究了进口市场转换在稳定进口方面的重要作用和内在机制.研究结果表明:(1)中国企业转换进口市场的行为普遍存在,大约有90％的企业在长期内转换进口市场,大约有76％的企业在短期内转换进口市场.(2)汇率波动会显著加剧企业的进口波动,转换进口市场能够显著抑制汇率波动对企业进口稳定的负效应,该结论在进行内生性处理以及稳健性检验之后依旧成立.(3)企业转换进口市场主要通过进口来源地的供给波动和进口市场之间的关联性两个机制发挥作用,进口市场转换能够显著抑制汇率波动对非国有企业、小企业和一般贸易企业进口稳定的负效应.国家应高度重视进口市场转换在"稳进口"中的战略性作用,积极营造良好的外部环境,帮助企业降低转换进口市场的固定成本和可变成本,提高企业转换进口市场的能力和积极性.
本文基于信息不对称视角阐述了企业数字化转型影响对外直接投资的作用机理,以及知识产权保护在两者间的调节效应,并以2011-2021年沪深服务业A股上市公司为样本,采用面板门槛回归模型进行实证检验.研究发现,中国服务业企业数字化转型存在显著的对外直接投资促进效应;同时,知识产权保护能显著调节这种呈"U"型非线性特征的促进效应.进一步分析发现,在知识产权保护的调节下,企业数字化转型的对外直接投资促进效应存在空间异质性.本文为我国在服务贸易高质量发展背景下建设时空分异的知识产权保护体系,科学提升服务业企业数字化转型的对外直接投资促进效应,提供了理论依据与经验证据.
本文利用2000-2007年企业层面数据实证研究了消费品进口竞争对中国本土消费品生产企业市场表现的影响.研究结果表明:消费品进口竞争对中国本土消费品生产企业市场表现有显著正向影响.异质性分析显示:消费品进口竞争对高生产率企业市场销售有显著的提升作用,而对低生产率企业的影响并不显著;消费品进口竞争更倾向于提升东部地区企业的市场销售;来自于发展中经济体的消费品进口对中国本土消费品生产企业市场销售的影响为负但不显著,而来自于发达经济体的消费品进口可以显著提升中国本土消费品生产企业的市场销售.机制分析表明:消费品进口对本土企业市场表现存在熊彼特效应、逃避竞争效应以及需求引致效应.本研究对于推动消费品进口、企业创新和挖掘国内市场潜力具有政策参考意义.
移动互联网革命提高了国际舆情的传播力和对经济社会活动的影响力,也放大了虚假新闻、不实报道等信息失真的作用.本文基于全球事件、语言和语调数据库提取的国际舆情信息、国家企业信用信息公示数据库、中国税收调查数据库等形成的匹配数据,从国家、行业和企业三个维度考察了国际舆情传播对中国外商直接投资的影响.研究发现:(1)国际对华舆情与中国对外舆情的传播偏向正面化均能显著提高中国外商直接投资水平;(2)国际舆情传播中的信息失真对信息来源更广的在华外资企业经营绩效和生存状态的影响不显著;(3)官方文化交流和非官方文化交流均显著推动了国际对华舆论升温或舆情偏向正面化,进而助推中国外商直接投资引进;(4)移动互联网革命放大了国际舆情传播对中国外商直接投资活动的影响.基于Bartik工具变量等进行稳健性检验后上述结论仍成立.本文的研究一方面为开放型经济高质量发展的国际舆情管理提供了新路径,另一方面对于文化强国建设、国际舆情管理和文化友好交流也有重要指导意义.
全球外国证券投资(FPI)呈现出明显的非均衡性空间集聚特征,地理禀赋和营商环境制度变迁是驱动这一重要国际金融现象的关键因素.本文基于证券交易的地理根植性逻辑,以空间杜宾模型和2005-2020年全球90个国家(地区)数据,实证检验了地理禀赋对FPI的影响及其营商环境作用渠道.研究发现:(1)FPI存在显著空间相关性,呈现"高高集聚"和"低低集聚"的空间分布特征.(2)各维度地理禀赋对FPI具有不同的直接效应和空间溢出效应:优越的地理位置能够促进东道国及其邻国的FPI流入;适宜的气候条件有利于东道国吸引FPI,但对邻国具有抑制作用;丰裕的自然资源对东道国及邻国的FPI均产生负向影响,以此反驳了"地理终结"的观点.(3)渠道检验表明,东道国优越的地理位置和适宜的气候条件有助于打造优质营商环境进而吸引FPI,丰裕的自然资源会阻碍改善营商环境,降低对FPI的吸引力,从而论证了"地理禀赋-营商环境-FPI"的作用路径.研究结果为政府依托地理禀赋优化营商环境,从而吸引长期证券投资提供了理论支撑和决策依据.
本文将专利审批周期引入异质性企业理论模型,探讨了知识产权保护增强影响企业出口产品质量的微观机制.在此基础上,本文运用2000-2013年中国工业企业和海关数据库,将市级层面专利代办处的设立作为准自然实验,采用跨期双重差分方法,对理论假说进行了验证.结果显示:市级专利代办处的设立缩短了专利审批时间,提高了专利审查效率,增强了知识产权保护,对我国出口产品质量有显著的正向影响,并且这一影响具有时间持续性.机制分析表明:知识产权保护增强一方面通过创新激励效应促进企业的研发投入和专利申请,提高企业创新能力,另一方面通过质量选择效应促进对发达国家的出口,从而推动我国出口产品质量升级.同时,异质性分析显示,知识产权保护增强更能提高外资和私营企业、高生产率企业、技术密集型行业和知识产权密集型行业企业的出口产品质量.
跨境电子商务作为一种新兴的外贸业态,为提升企业创新能力提供了新的契机.本文以跨境电商综合试验区的设立为准自然实验,使用2011-2020年中国上市公司的数据,采用多期双重差分模型考察了跨境电商改革对企业创新能力的影响.研究发现,跨境电商改革显著增加了试验区内企业申请专利的数量,这一结论在一系列的稳健性检验之后依然成立.机制检验表明,这种影响主要通过增加企业利润,促进技术溢出和推动制造业服务业融合等得以实现.异质性分析显示,跨境电商改革主要提高了数字基础设施完善、政府资源配置能力强的地区企业的创新能力;同时,跨境电商改革扩大了创新主体范围,在规模较小和创新能力较低的企业中发挥了更加突出的创新激励作用.本文还进一步分析了综合试验区的空间效应,发现试验区内企业专利申请数量的增加来自于自身的净增长,对周边城市的创新存量资源不存在虹吸效应.本研究为更高效地发挥跨境电商综合试验区的创新功能提供了经验证据支撑.
