为探究绿豆抗、感品种在叶斑病发病期的生理生化响应差异以及开发病害早期检测技术,以绿豆抗病品种'V4718'和感病品种'V1197'为材料,分析了两个品种在接种变灰尾孢菌后叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及叶绿素荧光参数的变化,并基于叶绿素荧光参数变化利用3种算法模型对发病早期叶片(接种后1 d、2 d、3 d)与健康叶片进行分类.结果表明:两个绿豆品种叶片的MDA含量、POD和SOD活性均有所上升,但'V4718'叶片的MDA含量在接种后第4天和第6天显著低于'V1197','V4718'叶片的POD活性升高较快;两个品种叶片的相对叶绿素含量与叶绿素荧光参数均有所下降,但在接种第4天和第6天时'V4718'的各参数值显著高于'V1197';分类准确率随着接种时间的延长而提高,最高分类准确率为98.40％.本试验可为进一步探索绿豆的抗病机理研究奠定基础,并为绿豆叶斑病的早期检测提供新思路.

绿豆为自花授粉作物,蜜蜂授粉可以大大减轻人工杂交授粉的劳动强度.为高效生产绿豆杂交种,研究意大利蜜蜂对于雄性不育绿豆材料的访花行为以及设施对蜜蜂活动的影响.结果表明,蜜蜂采集花粉时将喙自绿豆花朵龙骨瓣前端探入,同时携带花粉进行辅助授粉.蜜蜂进行采集活动时,更喜欢沿着一列植株飞行采集花粉,异列飞行率仅为9.07％.蜜蜂对于可育花的单花访花时间平均值为14.93 s,对于不育花的单花访花时间平均值为20.38 s;1 min内,棚1可育花和不育花上进行采集活动的蜜蜂数量平均值分别为4.7、13.65只,棚2可育花和不育花上蜜蜂数量平均值分别为3.9、11.2只.可以看出意蜂更喜欢绿豆不育植株的花朵且访不育花单花时间更长.设施对蜜蜂活动的影响表现为,不覆盖遮阳网棚下活动蜜蜂总量为覆盖遮阳网时活动蜜蜂总量的5.7倍左右,两者差异明显.

In China, the low yield per unit has always been a problem in the mungbean industry. The heterosis of mungbean is an effective way to increase yield. The male sterile line is a valuable resource to realize the utilization of hybrid. In this study, 60Co-γ radiation mutagenesis technology was used to induce male sterile mutants in mungbean, and we gained one mutant named male sterile mungbean 2015-1 (msm2015-1) for the first time. There was no significant phenotype difference between msm2015-1 and Sulyu 1 during the vegetative growth stage. The floral organ of msm2015-1 was normal, but the anthers of msm2015-1 were white and could not crack and disperse powder normally in the flowering stage. In the mature stage, hardly any normal pods grew up. Genetic analysis showed the separation ratio of fertility and sterility in the fertile segregation population was in line with 3:1, indicating that the sterility trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Cytological analysis of pollen development revealed that there were few pollen grains of msm2015-1 attached to mature stigmas. The pollen grains of msm2015-1 did not germinate in vitro. The cytoplasm of msm2015-1’s pollen could not be stained by Alexander dye. Three abortion types showed up when stained by I2-KI dye: typical abortion, spherical abortion and stained abortion. DAPI staining showed the nuclei of msm2015-1’s pollen developed abnormally. Magenta acetate staining indicated that abortion occurred in the early stage of pollen development, while the asymmetry and more anomalous fission of meiosis during the tetrad stage were the main causes of pollen abortion.

叶斑病是绿豆生产上主要的真菌性病害,利用抗性品种是防治该病害最经济、安全、有效的途径.为筛选抗病资源,根据抗性基因VrTAF5的突变位点,利用五引物扩增受阻突变体系(Penta-primer amplification refrac-tory mutation system,PARMS)开发分子标记.并利用抗病性具有差异的164份绿豆资源对所开发的分子标记的可靠性进行检验和评价.结果表明,VrTAF5-1517分子标记在7个分子标记中的检出率最高,基因分型为AA、AC、CC,可以有效区分基因碱基序列的SNP差异.根据叶斑病抗性评价结果,该标记对抗病材料的选择效率为75.00％、感病材料的选择效率为93.42％.VrTAF5-1517分子标记对抗病资源中检出抗病基因型的比例、对高感和感病资源中检出感病基因型比例均为100％,说明本研究开发的分子标记可用于绿豆抗叶斑病分子标记辅助育种.