生物强化技术是指通过向传统的生物处理系统引入具有特定功能的微生物,增强目标污染物的降解能力,提高其降解速率,从而改善生物体系的去除效能.目前生物强化技术已被广泛运用于难降解有机废水的生物处理,受到国内外学者的普遍关注.基于文献计量学对生物强化的发展态势进行分析,可以系统地总结研究现状与热点问题、评价研究机构科研实力与成果产出.通过对1994-2018年SCI-E和CNKI论文收录情况进行多维度、深层次分析,全面揭示了废水生物强化处理领域的研究现状、重要国家、重要机构和热点研究主题,帮助相关研究者认识生物强化技术的全貌,确立了进一步的研究方向.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), emerging adsorbents and catalysts in the wastewater treatment field, are subject to destruction by Lewis bases in wastewater, such as F− and PO43−.

针对磷霉素制药废水处理难的问题,采用生物强化处理技术,在前期获得两株磷霉素制药废水中α-苯乙胺降解菌P1和P2的基础上,优选出一株α-苯乙胺优势降解菌,并对其最佳生长条件进行研究.结果 表明:两株菌P1和P2中优势降解菌为P2;其最佳生长条件为:接种量20％,温度35℃,pH7;P2的降解效率受传代次数的影响,传代17代以后P2开始出现缓慢的退化现象;将α-苯乙胺优势降解菌投至实际磷霉素制药废水中,α-苯乙胺降解效率为76％.

制药废水由于具有水质复杂、COD高、有毒有害物浓度高、可生化性差、色度高等特点,处理十分困难.目前制药废水处理技术种类较多,且各项技术均具有各自的特点.为选择合适的制药废水处理技术,构建了制药废水处理技术评价指标体系,确定了评价标准,并采用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的评价方法(AHP-FCE)对国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(简称"水专项")研发的13项制药废水处理技术进行了综合评价.结果表明:升流式厌氧污泥床-膜生物反应器(UASB-MBR)组合技术是制药废水处理较优的可行技术,其次为两级分离内循环厌氧反应器和复合氧反应器-好氧反应器(ABR-CASS)生物强化处理技术.研究结果可以为制药企业选择合适的废水处理技术提供支持.

我国新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控形势严峻,冠状病毒是有包膜的单链RNA病毒,许多包膜病毒在水环境中能够存活数天至数月,威胁环境安全与人类健康.以医疗废水预处理为目的,设计建造1套移动式废水处理设备,采用调节池、斜管沉淀池、膜过滤反应器、臭氧消毒池、紫外消毒设备以及相关配套装置进行处理,所有反应装置布置在长、宽、高为6 m×3 m×3 m的空间内,可灵活运输至需要的场所开展医疗废水消毒处理.设计处理水量为30 m3/d,出水执行《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》(GB 18466-2005)中传染病医疗废水排放标准.该设备可为小型医院、临时医疗点和乡镇医院等医疗废水处理装置薄弱的医疗机构的医疗废水达标排放和疫情控制提供技术支持.

This paper analyzed the patents on pharmaceutical wastewater treatment from 1985 to 2017 in the DII Database (same data source as Web of Science) using the bibliometric analysis method in order to learn the applications of those patents. This paper combined Excel and Endnote to systematically analyze the current research on pharmaceutical wastewater treatment in China and other countries, identified the mainstream technologies and leading countries and organizations holding these patents,and discussed the hot research topics and development trend in this area. Results showed that the number of the patents on pharmaceutical wastewater treatment increased continuously,especially in recently 20 years. The mainstream technologies in the patents included filtration,aeration,and flocculation, which are commonly used in industrial applications. China ranked the first in terms of patent application in this area with a great attention to the mainstream technologies although the number of licensed patents was still low and the quality of the patents was not high. More technical innovations and more applicable technologies are still needed to solve the complicated problems due to various types of pharmaceutical wastewaters in China.