[目的]探究会理烟区海拔高度与烤烟质量、风格特征和代谢物的关系.[方法]在会理烟区海拔1550～2300 m范围内,以云烟87为研究材料,研究会理烟区不同海拔高度对烤烟的常规化学成分、感官质量和代谢组学的影响.[结果]较高海拔更有利于烤烟总糖、还原糖和石油醚提取物的积累,而烟碱和总氮则与之相反,糖碱比与海拔极显著相关,呈强正相关;随着海拔升高,烤烟香气质改善、香气量增多、杂气增加、清甜香型风格更典型,但劲头有所降低;通过OPLS-DA模型共筛选出28个差异代谢物,其中,低海拔地区烤烟的烟碱和与其关系密切的烟酸、麦斯明表达量较高,中海拔地区烤烟的壬酸、己酸等有机酸类物质含量最丰富,高海拔地区烤烟的苯甲醇、苯乙醇、麦芽醇等醇类物质和新植二烯、二氢大马酮、大马酮、β-紫罗兰酮、二氢猕猴桃内脂等质体色素降解产物相对含量最高;差异代谢物被注释到碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、萜类和聚酮化合物代谢等6条B级代谢通路,其中,海拔高度的变化对烟叶碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢的影响最显著.[结论]总糖、还原糖、糖碱比、醇类和质体色素降解产物含量的升高是高海拔地区烤烟感官质量改善、风格特征更彰显的重要原因,因此,适当提高会理烟区植烟海拔有利于提升产区烤烟质量和彰显其清甜香型风格.

[目的]探明养分水平对烤烟根系性状及其对养分吸收的影响,为烤烟高产栽培与合理施肥提供依据.[方法]以云烟87为材料,研究NPK Hogland全营养液、1/2 NPK Hogland全营养液和1/4 NPK全营养液处理烟株的根系形态、农艺性状、生理指标及养分吸收的变化.[结果]各处理株高、茎围、叶片数、最大叶面积和叶片干重分别为40.5～48.0 m、7.1～7.6 mm、13.3～13.7片、450.7～576.4 cm2和21.5～32.4 g,均以NPK Hogland全营养液处理效果最佳;侧根和不定根一二级分枝根密度分别为1.4～1.7条/cm、2.2～3.0条/cm 和 1.8～2.7条/cm、3.0～4.1 条/cm,均为 1/4 NPK Hogland 全营养液＞1/2 NPK Hogland全营养液＞NPK Hogland全营养液;地上部和根系NPK浓度与积累量均为NPK Hogland全营养液＞1/2 NPK Hogland全营养液＞1/4 NPK Hogland全营养液;净光合速率及相关酶的活性均为NPK Hogland全营养液＞1/2 NPK Hogland全营养液＞1/4 NPK Hogland全营养液.[结论]NPK Hogland全营养液处理烟株的农艺性状、地上部和根系NPK浓度与积累量、净光合速率和相关酶活性均优于1/2 NPK Hogland全营养液和1/4 NPK Hogland全营养液,1/4 NPK Hogland全营养液处理烟株的一二级分枝根密度与根毛密度最大.

为探讨秸秆有机肥在烤烟上的应用效果,采用田间试验研究不同用量的秸秆有机肥对烤烟生长、 经济性状、 化学成分、 评吸质量等方面的影响.结果表明,施用秸秆有机肥可以提高烤烟产质量,其中在667 m2氮肥用量为9 kg、 氮磷钾比例为1:1:3、 施秸秆有机肥400 kg时,所产烟叶化学成分协调性较好,经济效益较高.

[目的]分析生石灰施用量对烟草农艺性状及烤后烟叶品质的影响.[方法]采用田间小区试验研究了不同生石灰施用量对烟草生育期农艺性状、烤后烟叶化学成分及评吸质量的影响.[结果]在该试验条件下,生石灰施用量为1 500 kg/hm2时,烟草长势最好,施用量1 125 kg/hm2次之;施用量1 875 kg/hm2时烟草长势较差,但优于对照.施用生石灰能够增加总糖、还原糖、烟叶钾、糖碱比、总氮、烟叶氯的含量,降低烟碱含量.生石灰的施用能够增加烤后烟叶香气质、香气量,提高评吸质量.[结论]施用生石灰有利于提高烟叶质量,施用量以1 500 kg/hm2较优.

为分析不同草木灰施用量对重庆市武隆县烟草产质量的影响,确定最佳草木灰施用量,本文运用随机区组试验设计,采用田间小区试验,分析不同草木灰施用量下烟草在各生育期的农艺性状、化学成分、内在品质及产量的变化趋势.结果表明,施用750 kg/hm2草木灰组在前期长势较好,化学成分表现较为协调,内在品质表现较好,产量较高.故在武隆县烟草栽培中增施草木灰有利于提高烟草品质,施用量为750 kg/hm2时效果较佳.

为探讨烟叶验收中不同等级质量评价方法所产生结果的区别,以Y烟草产区的工商交接烟叶作为样本,使用两种常用的等级质量评价方法对样品进行评价并对结果进行处理分析.结果表明,使用甩把检验得到的合格率数据较高,耗时较短,准确性较低,使用逐片检验得到的合格率数据较低,耗时较长,准确性较高.

为探索江西瑞金地区主栽品种云烟87的适宜干筋期温度,本研究通过设置不同干筋期温湿度条件,研究其对上部、中部、下部烟叶外观质量、化学成分和经济性状的影响,结果表明下部烟叶干筋温度为63-65℃,中部烟叶为65-67℃,上部烟叶为66-68℃比较适宜.

To explore the effect of different leaf age on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,the main cultivars K236 in Luoping tobacco-growing area of Yunnan were used as test materials to construct different flue-cured tobacco varieties with different leaf age.Photosynthetic potential in growth period and economic characters of post-baked tobacco leaf were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of transplanting age,the survival rate of tobacco seedlings increased first and then decreased,while the field growth period increased;With the advance of fertility in the field of flue-cured tobacco,the photosynthetic potential (LAD) of the treatments decreased first and then increased,and the total LAD of the treatments was the highest in 5 leaves transplanted tobacco seedlings,which was 20.14% higher than that of 6 and 8 leaves respectively,14.82%.The mean leaf angle (MLIA) of the population increased first and then decreased with the increase of leaf age,while the extinction coefficient (K)was an increasing trend.The leaf tobacco leaves with 5 leaves were transplanted with appropriate chemical components and the quality was the best,followed by 4 leaves;6,7,8 leaves,because of its reducing sugar,starch,potassium content does not meet the requirements of high-quality tobacco chemical indicators,poor quality;With the increase of transplanting age,economic traits showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Therefore,the optimum tobacco leaf transplanting age of tobacco leaves in Luoping tobacco-producing areas in Yunnan is 5-leaf-stage,which can shorten the period of nursery and shorten the time of cutting and reduce the time when the high yield value can be maintained.Such as smoke and the proportion of medium and high smoke,improve the grade structure and site structure.

In order to select the appropriate organic fertilizer application technology for soil improvement in tobacco fields of Southern Shaanxi,we investigated the effect of the biochar and rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil nutrition,soil enzyme activities,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.Biochar and rapeseed cake fertilizer enhanced soil nutrition and soil enzyme activities.Among them,T3 (1500 kg hm-2 biochar combined with 750 kg hm-2 rapeseed cake fertilizer)showed the most obvious improvement on soil fertility,followed by T2(750 kg hm-2 biochar combined with 750 kg hm-2 rapeseed cake fertilizer).The correlation analysis showed that soil urease,acid phosphatase,invertaseand alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all contributed greatly to soil fertility level,which could use to characterize soil fertility.The application of biochar and rapeseed cake significantly decreased the nicotine content,butincreased the potassium content of tobacco leaves,and coordinated the chemical composition of tobacco leaves.Among them,the ratioof 750 kg hm-2 biochar to 750 kg hm-2 rapeseed cake fertilizer in T2 treatment showed the best quality of tobacco leaves and besteconomic performance.Compared with control check (0 kg hm-2 biochar combined with 0 kg hm-2 rapeseed cake fertilizer),production increased by 6.2％ in T2 treatment.The economic income was increased by 15.6％.The proportion of superior tobacco and upper smoke were increased by 8.3％ and 6.8％,respectively.In conclusion,the best fertilizer application in Xunyang tobacco-planting area was the combination of biochar fertilizer of 750 kg hm-2and rapeseed cake fertilizer of 750 kg hm-2.

[Objective] To verify application effects of one-time plucking and curing technology on 4-6 upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Luzhou tobacco areas.[Method] The quality evaluation of top three and lower three plots after baking tobacco leaf were carried out.[Result]The appearance quality,chemical composition and sensory quality of top three and lower three tobacco leaf were better, and the quality factor or index of lower three of tobacco leaf was better than that of top three.[Conclusion] Application effects of one-time plucking and curing technology on 4-6 upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Luzhou tobacco areas are better.

[ Objective] To scientifically evaluate the quality of tobacco leaf in Chongqing tobacco planting area, and to further optimize the quality of tobacco leaf in this area. [ Method] We evaluated the appearance quality, physical index, chemical component and sensory quality of 149 tobacco leaves in Chongqing tobacco planting area, in order to understand its unique quality style. [ Result ] Tobacco leaves in Chongqing tobacco planting area were mainly "mature-" and "orange"; tobacco leaf identity was "thinner" and "medium"; tobacco leaf structure was "loose";and leaf oil was “slightly having, having”. There were relatively great differences in leaf density, filling value, leaf width and other physical indexes;but leaf length, stem ratio, equilibrium moisture difference had relatively small differences. Nicotine con-tent, sugar-nicotine ratio and nitrogen-nicotine ratio were relatively proper;but potassium content of tobacco leaves and total glucose-reducing sugar ratio were relatively high;and chlorine content was relatively low. Middle leaves had medium strength, with mainly "medium" and "strong" concentration,"good" aroma quality,“relatively abundant” aroma amount, "comfortable" aftertaste, "having" or "having slight"offensive odor, and“having” or“having slight” irritation. Besides, sensory quality of the middle of flue-cured tobacco was mainly distributed in the range of"relatively good-good-medium". “Relatively poor” and“poor” grade accounted for extremely slight percentage. [ Conclu-sion] This research provides corresponding references for the cultivation measures adjustment, tobacco leaf purchasing and processing, and re-drying formula utilization in Chongqing tobacco producing area.

研究了优化后的烘烤工艺对烟叶质量及其经济效益的影响。结果表明：（1）优化工艺能明显改善烟叶的外观质量，橘黄烟比例明显提升，微带青烟叶比例减少，单叶质量有增加的趋势，烟叶的经济效益也得到提高；（2）优化烘烤工艺能够促使淀粉较充分地降解和糖类的转化，增加烟碱的相对含量，烤后烟叶评吸质量较好，表现为刺激性较小、余味较舒适，烟叶的总体协调性得到改善。