为探明钝缀锦蛤的摄食生理,以北海近海人工中间培育和养殖的钝缀锦蛤为试验材料,室内条件下采用试验生态法研究温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率与同化率的影响。试验结果表明,在温度17～33℃条件下,滤食率随温度的升高,呈先升后降的趋势,滤食率（y）与水温（x）之间的回归方程为y=-4.338×10-3 x3+0.311x2-6.915x+49（r2=0.999）,同化率随着温度的升高而增大,温度对同化率的影响显著（P<0.01）;在盐度18～33条件下,滤食率随盐度的升高呈先增后降的趋势,盐度27～30时保持较高的滤食率,滤食率（y）与盐度（x）之间的回归方程为y=-0.027x2+1.638x-19.52（r2=0.994）,同化率随盐度的升高而增大,盐度为30时同化率最高,盐度对同化率的影响显著（P<0.01）;滤食率随体质量增加而降低,体质量对同化率影响不显著（P>0.05）。研究表明,钝缀锦蛤属典型热带和亚热带种群品种,适宜生活在温度和盐度较稳定的潮下带区域,非广温广盐性贝类。 

织锦巴非蛤(Paphis textile)俗称花甲王,隶属双壳纲、帘蛤科、横帘蛤属,壳坚硬,呈长卵圆型,主要分布于我国福建以南沿海,属潮下带埋栖型贝类.由于多年的浅海捕捞,该贝自然资源锐减,尤以广西沿海为重,价格常年居于高位.织锦巴非蛤在底潮流较大海区的养殖过程中常出现迁移现象,但随着近年来种苗繁育技术的突破和价格的驱动,养殖面积也不断增加.由于开放式养殖管理困难且环境条件多变,织锦巴非蛤苗种底播养成率5％～30％,不稳定且低于一般底播贝类.基于多年的种苗生产经验,我们2017年开始对北海市自然群体织锦巴非蛤进行两批次种苗培育,在常规养殖密度下,开展了织锦巴非蛤人工蛤种的单养及与菲律宾蛤仔浅海混养试验,比较不同批次蛤种和不同养殖方式的综合产出,同比效益有所提高.试验基本过程与方法总结如下.

光裸方格星虫又名裸体方格星虫或方格星虫,俗称沙虫,为暖水性世界广布种,于我国福建、广东、广西、海南、台湾沿海以及越南沿海常见.光裸方格星虫味道鲜美并具有一定的药用价值,市场价格持续增高.目前随着光裸方格星虫人工养殖产业不断壮大,种苗需求也不断攀升,其来源主要为天然采挖种苗与人工繁育种苗.由于种苗来源地较集中,而养殖地区辐射广,需要一种稳定的苗种运输方案.在结合前期研究的基础上,2016-2017年我们对不同来源和规格的光裸方格星虫种苗进行不同方式的运输试验,分析总结出高效运输方法与合理的运输时长,为光裸方格星虫的人工养殖产业发展提供参考.

为探讨饲料中添加不同含量枯草芽孢杆菌对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)幼蟹生长、消化酶活性及体成分的影响,以初始体质量为(25.74±0.51) mg的拟穴青蟹Ⅰ期仔蟹为试验对象,在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.1％和0.5％的枯草芽孢杆菌制成3种试验饲料,饲喂幼蟹3周.试验结果:添加枯草芽孢杆菌的组,拟穴青蟹幼蟹的终末平均体质量、体质量增长率、特定生长率和蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但两个不同添加量试验组间的差异不显著(P＞0.05);添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增强了幼蟹蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性(P＜0.05),对幼蟹的水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量均没有显著影响(P＞0.05);添加0.5％枯草芽孢杆菌的试验组,幼蟹的脂肪含量显著高于其它试验组(P＜0.05).结果表明,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对拟穴青蟹幼蟹的生长有显著促进作用,对蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性和体粗脂肪含量也有显著影响,添加0.1％ ～0.5％的枯草芽孢杆菌对拟穴青蟹幼蟹有较好的促生长效果.

本试验旨在研究饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响。以初始体重为(41.40.3) mg的拟穴青蟹仔蟹为试验对象，分别投喂糖脂比为0.54、0.88、1.39、2.08和3.50的等氮（约44%）等能（约19.5 MJ/kg）饲料3周。结果表明：1）饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的终末平均体重(FABW)、成活率（SR）、增重率（WGR）以及特定生长率（SGR）均有显著影响(P<0.05)。随着饲料糖脂比的增大，拟穴青蟹仔蟹的FABW、SR、WGR以及SGR均呈先升高后降低的趋势，且均是糖脂比1.39试验组最高，显著高于糖脂比0.54和3.50试验组(P<0.05)。2）饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)，而对粗脂肪含量的影响显著(P<0.05)，糖脂比0.54试验组的脂肪含量最高，显著高于除糖脂比2.08和3.50试验组(P<0.05)。3）饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的淀粉酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)，但显著影响蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。随着饲料糖脂比的增大，蛋白酶活性呈先增大后减小的趋势，脂肪酶活性呈降低的趋势，糖脂比1.39试验组的蛋白酶活性显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)，糖脂比0.54和0.88试验组的脂肪酶活性显著高于糖脂比2.08和3.50试验组(P<0.05)。由此可见，以增长率为评价指标，经回归分析得出拟穴青蟹仔蟹饲料的适宜糖脂比为2.07。

The green mud crabScylla paramamosainhas been widely cultured in coastal areas of southern China for many years, with production reaching approximately 14.1 tons in 2015. The successful farming of mud crabs presently depends on conventional diets, comprising mainly trash fish, mollusk meat and animal viscera, but the demand for these foods by the crab industry is difficult to satisfy. Compared with the traditional feeds, compound feeds offer better-balanced nutrition and have better storage qualities. Studies of the nutritional requirements of cultured mud crab are important to developing cost-effective, environmentally friendly and nutritionally balanced artificial diets. Dietary protein, a major macronutrient in aquatic animal diets, provides the essential and non-essential amino acids needed to synthesize body protein and energy. As protein represents the most expensive component in feeds, it is important to determine the optimal level for a cultured species. This study investigated the effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities in mud crab(S. paramamosain) juveniles. Six isoenergetic diets were formulated with varying protein content (i.e., 31.45%, 36.37%, 41.55%, 46.13%, 51.72% and 56.86%) and fed to juvenile mud crabs for three weeks. Triplicate groups of 80 juvenile crabs, with an average body weight of 11.86 ± 0.11 mg, were randomly assigned to each of the six diets. Each crab was raised in a bucket (20 cm diameter × 25 cm height) provided with a 5 cm layer of sand. The results showed that the dietary protein level did not influence crab survival rate in any of the treatments (P<0.05). The weight gain ratio and specific growth rate of the juvenile crabs significantly increased as dietary protein was increased from 31.45% to 51.72% (P<0.05), and then the indicators showed a slight decrease with a further increase to 56.86% protein; the gains were highest for crabs fed 51.72% protein. Dietary protein level sig-nificantly affected the whole-body crude protein, lipid and ash contents (P<0.05), but did not show any significant influence on the moisture content of the crabs (P>0.05). Values for crude protein content of crabs raised on one of the four higher protein diets (41.55%?56.86%) were significantly higher than that for crabs fed a lower protein diet (31.45% and 36.37%) (P<0.05), while the whole-body lipid content significantly decreased as the dietary protein content was increased (P<0.05). The trend in whole-body ash content was similar to that observed for weight gain ratio, which significantly increased at first and then decreased as the dietary protein content was in-creased (P<0.05). With an increasing level of dietary protein, the protease activity significantly increased (P<0.05) and amylase activity significantly decreased (P<0.05). The level of dietary protein also affected lipase activity in the crabs. Under the present experimental conditions, juvenile green mud crabs fed 41.55%?56.86% protein exhibited the best growth performance, and regression analysis showed that the optimal level was 49.03% protein. These results will be helpful for formulating pelleted diets for commercial mud crab culture. Future studies of protein metabolism mechanisms and the interactions of proteins with other nutritional components are recom-mended for this species.

A 3-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO ∶L) ratio on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Scylla paramamosain.Five iso-nitrogenous (about 44％) and iso-energetic (about 19.5 MJ/kg) diets with varying CHO ∶L ratios of 0.54,0.88,1.39,2.08 and 3.50 were fed to juvenile Scylla paramamosain with an average body weight of (41.4±0.3) mg of triplicate groups.The results showed as follows:1) dietary CHO ∶L ratio significant affected the final average body weight,survival rate,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of juvenile Scylla paramamosain (P＜0.05),and the final average body weight,survival rate,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of juvenile crabs were increased firstly and then decreased with dietary CHO ∶L ratio increased,those of CHO ∶L ratio at 1.39 group was the highest,which significantly higher than those of CHO ∶L ratios at 0.54 and 3.50 groups (P＜0.05).2) Dietary CHO ∶L ratio had no significant influences on moisture,crude protein and crude ash contents of juvenile Scylla paramamosain (P＞0.05),but significantly affected the crude lipid content (P＜0.05).The crude lipid content of CHO ∶L ratio at 0.54 group was the highest,which significantly higher than that of CHO ∶L ratios at 2.08 and 3.50 groups (P＜0.05).3) Dietary CHO ∶L ratio had no significant influence on the amylase activity of juvenile Scylla paramamosain (P＞0.05),but significantly affected the protease and lipase activities (P＜0.05).The protease activity was increased firstly and then decreased with dietary CHO ∶L ratio increasing,while the lipases activity was decreased with dietary CHO ∶L ratio increased.The protease activity of CHO ∶L ratio at 1.39 group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P＜0.05),the lipases activity of CHO ∶L ratios at 0.54 and 0.88 groups was significantly higher than that of CHO ∶L ratios at 2.08 and 3.50 groups (P＜0.05).In conclusion,the regression model analysis show that the suitable dietary CHO ∶L ratio to reach the highest weight growth rate of juvenile Scylla paramamosain is 2.07.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of ambient nitrite on the immunity response,and to provide the basic data for the adjustment and industrialization of Scylla paramamosain,this nitrite stress experiment was designed.[Methods]In this experiment,mud crabs were divided into four nitrite exposed groups(20 mg/L,60 mg/L,100 mg/L and 140 mg/L ambient nitrite concentrations)and control group.Alkaline phosphatase(AKP) activity,catalase(CAT) activity and malodiadehyde(MDA) content were measured after 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h stress.[Results]The results showed that after treated in high concentration (above 60 mg/L) nitrite exposure,AKP activity varied significantly in hepatopancreas and muscle.With the increase of time,AKP activity in muscle increased first and then decreased,which was similar with the variation tendency of CAT activity in three organizations,indicating a poison-intoxication effect.The content of MDA in hepatopancreas and gills increased with the stress time and stress concentration.[Conclusion]Therefore,nitrite stress could decrease the immunity of mud crab by damaging enzymes system related to non-specific immunity and accelerating lipid peroxidation.In the artificial breeding of mud crabs,it would contribute to breeding pattern adjustment and industrial upgrading if the concentration of nitrite was controlled below 20 mg/L.

Juvenile Scylla paramamosain with the average body weight of (0.042±0.002) g were fed seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets with different lipid levels for 3 weeks to investigate the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Scylla paramamosain.Using fish oil and soybean oil (1:1) as the lipid source,the lipid level in the seven experimental diets was 1.93％,3.95％,6.35％,8.14％,10.54％,12.30％ and 14.22％ (measured values),respectively.Each experimental diet had three replicates and each replicate had 100 juvenile Scylla paramamosain.The results showed as follows:l) dietary lipid level significantly affected the weight growth ratio (WGR) and specific growth ratio (SGR) of juvenile Scylla paramamosain (P＜0.05).With the increase of dietary lipid level,the WGR and SGR of juvenile Scylla paramamosain were firstly increased and then decreased,and when the dietary lipid level was 8.14％,both WGR and SGR produced the maximum value.The quadratic curvilinear regression analysis showed the best dietary lipid level was 7.52％ which could acquire the best WGR.The survival rate (SR) in the group with 14.22％ dietary lipid level was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that in other groups (P＜0.05).2) Dietary lipid level had significant effects on body crude protein and ether extract contents in whole crab (P＜0.05).The crude protein content in whole crab was firstly increased and then decreased,and when the dietary lipid level was 8.14％,it produced the maximum value.The ether extract contents in whole crab with the increase of dietary lipid level continued to increase,when dietary lipid level was 14.22％,it produced the maximum value.Dietary lipid level had no significant effects on the contents of moisture and ash in whole crab (P＞0.05).3) With the increase of dietary lipid level,the activities of protease,lipase and amylase of juvenile Scylla paramamosain were firstly increased and then decreased,and all of them produced the maximum value when the juvenile Scylla paramamosain fed with diet contained 8.14％ lipid.In conclusion,taking WGR as the evaluation index,the suitable dietary lipid level for juvenile Scylla paramamosain should be 7.52％.

Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain), widely cultured in brackish and seawater ponds along the coast of southern China, has become the most productive seawater crab species because of its strong adaptive abilities and high economic value. Bacteria play an important role in pond aquaculture ecosystems; however, little is known about the bacterial composition and diversity in earthen aquaculture pond microbial communities of S. parama-mosain. Accordingly, we applied Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing to investigate bacterial community structure and diversity in pond-raised S. paramamosain intestinal and its aquacultural environment. The results showed that 234575 effective sequences were detected in three samples, and they could be classified into 2812 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), among which 453, 706, and 2547 OTUs belong to the gut of S. paramamo-sain, the aquaculture water, and the sediment, respectively. 184 OTUs were shared among all samples, 197 OTUs between S. paramamosain intestine and aquaculture water, 309 OTUs between S. paramamosain intestine and sediment, and 572 OTUs between the aquaculture water and sediment. This indicates that bacterial richness and diversity were lower in S. paramamosain intestine than in water and sediment. In total, 48 phyla were identified, among them Proteobacteria (39.96%), Tenericutes (23.09%), Firmicutes (16.58%), CKC4 (6.55%), and Bacter-oidetes (4.96%), which constituted the predominant components of the S. paramamosain intestine; Proteobacteria (63.02%), Actinobacteria (24.96%), Bacteroidetes (8.41%), Cyanobacteria (1.19%), and Firmicutes (0.83%) were the predominant phyla in the water; and the predominant phyla in the sediment were Proteobacteria (75.23%), Bacteroidetes (5.72%), Actinobacteria (3.83%), Chloroflex I (2.65%), and Acidobacteria (1.80%). Analysis of the 10 most abundant bacterial OTUs in different samples revealed that the most dominant bacteria in S. paramamo-sain intestine and its aquacultural environment were totally different, and there were only four kinds of dominant bacteria that have close sequences in the SILVA database. These results suggest that there exists a close correlation between bacterial species composition in the S. paramamosain intestine and its aquacultural environment. Mean-while, intestinal microflora may be a relatively independent microbial ecosystem and the micro-ecosystem could hardly be influenced by the bacteria in the culture environment.

This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary zinc content on growth performance, body composition, coelomic fluid zinc content and alkaline phosphatase ( AKP ) activity of juvenile peanut worm, Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus ( S. nudus ) . Juvenile peanut worm with the average body weight of (14.54±0.10) mg were fed six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microparticle diets with different supplemental levels of zinc ( zinc methionine as zinc source) for 8 weeks, and the measured zinc contents in diets were 9.3, 31.7, 49.9, 90.1, 168.6 and 326.5 mg/kg, respectively. Each diet had three replicates and each replicate had 400 juvenile peanut worm. The results showed that the dietary zinc content had significant effects on weight gain rate ( WGR) , specific growth rate ( SGR) and survival ratio ( SR) of S. nudus ( P<0.05) . When the di?etary zinc content was 49. 9 mg/kg, WGR and SGR produced the maximum value, and significantly higher than those in the lowest (9.3 mg/kg) and the highest (326.5 mg/kg) zinc content groups (P<0.05). Dietary zinc content had significant effects on body ether extract and ash contents ( P<0.05) . With the increase of diet?ary zinc content, body ether extract content was firstly increased and then decreased, while body ash content showed the opposite trend. No significant differences were observed in body moisture and crude protein con?tents of S. nudus among all groups (P>0.05). Dietary zinc content significantly affected coelomic fluid zinc content and AKP activity of S. nudus ( P<0.05) . With the increase of dietary zinc content, the coelomic fluid zinc content of S. nudus was sustained rise, when the dietary zinc content was 326.5 mg/kg, it produced the maximum value. Moreover, the coelomic fluid AKP activity was firstly increased and then tended to be stable, when the dietary zinc content was 49.9 mg/kg, it produced the maximum value. With WGR as the evaluating index, the suitable dietary zinc content of juvenile peanut worm is 41.93 mg/kg by regression analysis.

This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary manganese content on growth perform-ance, body composition, coelomic fluid manganese-superoxide dismutase ( Mn-SOD) activity and tissue man-ganese content of juvenile peanut worm, Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus. Juvenile peanut worm with the average body weight of (17.11±0.12) mg were fed six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microparticle diets with manga-nese level of 3.45, 8.26, 15.98, 23.16, 28.67, 33.83 mg/kg for 8 weeks, respectively. Each diet had three replicates and each replicate had 400 juvenile peanut worm. The results showed that dietary manganese content had significant effects on weight gain rate ( WGR) , specific growth rate ( SGR) , survival ratio ( SR) , body ether extract and manganese contents, and coelomic fluid Mn-SOD activity ( P<0.05) , but had no significant effects on body moisture, crude protein and ash, and body wall manganese contents ( P>0.05) . With the diet-ary manganese content increasing, the WGR, SGR, SR, body ether extract content and coelomic fluid Mn-SOD activity were firstly increased and then decreased. When the dietary manganese content was 23.16 mg/kg, WGR and SGR produced the maximum values, while SR, body ether extract content and coelo-mic fluid Mn-SOD activity had the maximum values when the dietary manganese content was 28. 67 mg/kg. With WGR as the evaluating index, the suitable dietary manganese requirement of juvenile peanut worm is 22.58 mg/kg diet by regression equation.

目的:研究冠瘤海鞘的抗菌活性部位及有效成分.方法:采用抑菌圈法和最小杀菌浓度法,对中国南海冠瘤海鞘的乙醇提取物和不同极性部位进行了抗菌活性测定,并采用GC-MS技术对其石油醚相低极性组分进行了化学成分分析.结果:结果显示,抗菌活性成分主要在冠瘤海鞘的正丁醇相,其次是石油醚相;从冠瘤海鞘石油醚相中鉴定出14个化合物,主要为脂肪类和甾醇类化合物;从甾体组分中鉴定出7个化合物.主要为胆甾醇,其中4个为首次从冠瘤海鞘中分离鉴定.结论:冠瘤海鞘的正丁醇相和石油醚相具有明显的抗菌活性,石油醚相以胆甾醇类化合物为主.

目的:研究毛蚶的抗菌活性部位及有效成分.方法:毛蚶软组织经乙醇提取后,采用液液萃取法将提取物分为石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相4个不同的极性部位;采用抑菌圈法和最小杀菌浓度测定法,对毛蚶乙醇提取物和各极性部位进行了抗菌活性测定,并用正相硅胶柱对抗菌活性较好的石油醚相进行了分离纯化,得到甾体组分;采用GC-MS技术对石油醚相和甾体组分进行了化学成分分析.结果:毛蚶石油醚相的抑菌效果最好;从毛蚶石油醚相中鉴定出了30个化合物,主要为脂肪类和甾醇类化合物;从甾体组分中鉴定出8个化合物,其中7个为首次从毛蚶中分离鉴定.结论:毛蚶的石油醚相具有明显的抗菌活性,石油醚相以甾醇类化合物为主.

This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary selenium content on growth,body composition,tissue selenium content and related enzyme activities of juvenile peanut worm,Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus. A total of 7 200 juvenile peanut worm with the average body weight of( 16. 12 ±0. 26) mg were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 400 juveniles per replicate. The juveniles in those 6 groups were fed diets with six selenium contents( 0. 19,0. 37,0. 63,0. 82,1. 06 and 1. 29 mg / kg,respectively) for 8w eeks. The results showed that the dietary selenium content had significant effects on weight gain rate( WGR),specific growth rate( SGR) and survival ratio( SR) of juvenile peanut worm( P0. 05). With the increase of dietary selenium content,the WGR and SGR were increased,and the highest values were observed in 1. 29 mg /kg group,but the low est value of SR was also found in this group. The dietary selenium content had a significant effect on body lipid content( P0. 05),the body lipid content showed an increasing trend as the dietary selenium content increasing. No significant differences were observed in body moisture,crude protein and ash contents among all groups( P0. 05). And dietary selenium content could significantly affected the contents of selenium in body wall and body( P0. 05),and those were increased with the dietary selenium content increasing. Moreover,dietary selenium content could significantly affected body glutathione peroxidas( GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase( GR) activities of juvenile peanut worm( P0. 05). With the of dietary selenium content increasing,the GSH-Px activity was increased and GR activity was declined. In conclusion,the suitable dietary selenium content can improve the growth of juvenile peanut worm,thus increase the cultured production of peanut worm.

Using DH (the degree of hydrolysis) as the maln index, the hydrolysis of Crassostrea hongkongensis using six proteases was compared. On the basis of single factor experiment, response surface methodology and Box-Behnken model were employed to establish the quadratic model for optimization of the hydrolysis conditions. Results showed that the DH of marine products protein-specific protease was higher than that of others. The opti-mum hydrolysis condition was as follows:the ratio of enzyme to substrate was 5.93%, hydrolysis time was 4.07 h and the hydrolysis temperature was 54.6℃. Under this condition, DH reached 25.73%±2.39%. This study alms to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of C. hongkongensis.

以水解度为指标,比较7种蛋白酶对方格星虫的水解效果.在单因素试验考察的基础上,采用Box-Behnken模型响应面设计,建立方格星虫蛋白酶解的二次回归模型,确定最佳的水解条件.结果表明,复合蛋白酶对方格星虫蛋白的水解效果最佳,最佳水解条件为:酶与底物比为7.8％,酶解时间为4h,酶解温度为50℃.该条件下,方格星虫蛋白的水解度达到24.81％.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of crude polysaccharide from Daphne giraldii Nitsche(DGP) and analyze its monosaccharide composition,and investigate its antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods:Using the polysaccharide yield as the index,orthogonal design experiment was employed to optimize the extraction process. 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone precolumn derivatization high performance liquid chromatography(PMP-HPLC) method was used to analyze the monosaccharide composition. Antioxidant properties of DGP were evaluated by different antioxidant tests,including DPPH free radical scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,reducing power and assay of total antioxidant activity in different chemical simulated systems with colorimetry method. Results:The optimum extraction process was added 15 times amount of water for 3 times,and 2 hours for each time at 100℃. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that DGP was mainly composed of mannose,glucosamine,glucose,galactose and fucose. DGP possessed potential DPPH free radical scavenging activity,and moderate hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity. It also exhibited some functions of reducing power and total antioxidant. Conclusion:The optimum extraction process was stable. DGP could be applied to as a potential natural antioxidant.

基于文献检索,概述了近年来皱瘤海鞘的化学成分和生物活性研究进展,从中发现了结构独特的化合物和具有强生物活性的有效部位,尤其水溶性部位的抗病毒活性显示潜在的药用价值.

为研究方格星虫多次人工培育的繁育性能,采用室内产卵培育和滩涂恢复养殖相结合的方法,在繁殖期内对同一批方格星虫进行了3次人工培育产卵试验,对孵出的幼体进行人工培育。结果表明:于6月、7月和8月进行的3次人工培育,雌虫平均产卵3.11×10~4、2.70×10~4和1.75×10~4粒,平均受精率为(84.4±2.8)%、(87.6±1.9)%和(83.4±2.4)%;海球幼体体长日均增长49μm、65μm和46μm,变态成活率(27.3±6.3)%、(32.2±4.6)%和(37.8±5.9)%;随着培育产卵次数增多,亲虫的死亡率升高,相对个体产卵量减少;海球幼体变态率升高,且差异极显著(P<0.01);变态后稚虫的生长速度与后期海球幼体的大小成正相关。