The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of formulated feed with different protein levels on the growth performance, digestive function, and antioxidant capacity of Tachypleus tridentatus. A total of 90 healthy juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus that have molted twice, with good vitality and bright coloration, a body weight of (0.06±0.01) g, prosomal width of (7.50±0.15) mm, and total length of (9.55±0.12) mm, were randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates per group and ten Tachypleus tridentatus per replicate. The groups were fed formulated diets with protein levels of 38.11%, 43.18%, and 48.12%, respectively. The pre-test period was one week, and the formal test period was eight weeks. The results showed that in terms of growth performance, the specific growth rate of prosomal width in the 38.11% protein group was significantly higher than that in the 48.12% protein group (P<0.05). The feeding rate in all groups showed a gradually increasing trend over time. At the 5th week, the feeding rate in the 38.11% protein group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). At the 8th week, the feeding rate in all groups showed a decreasing trend, but remained higher in the 38.11% protein group than in the other groups. Regarding digestive enzyme activities, the activities of trypsin and lipase increased significantly with increasing dietary protein levels (P<0.05), while α-amylase activity decreased significantly with increasing protein levels (P<0.05). Regarding antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the 48.12% protein group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the 38.11% protein group was significantly higher than that in the 43.18% protein group (P<0.05). The study shows that the 38.11% protein level has a partial promoting effect on the growth of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus, mainly reflected in the increase of prosomal width. The protein levels of 43.18% and 48.12% may have met or exceeded the protein requirement threshold for Tachypleus tridentatus at this growth stage, and the excess protein is not used to promote growth, but is instead utilized to enhance metabolic activity or antioxidant defense capacity.

探究不同鲢鳙配比对多品种鱼类混养池塘水体浮游动物群落结构和养殖效能的影响,筛选出基于优良水质和产量的多品种混养的鲢鳙配比,为其规模化生态化养殖提供科学参考.设置鲢鳙配比为1∶1(A组)、3∶7(B组)和1∶9(C组)3个试验组,每组同时配养相同密度的青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、鲫鱼(Caras-sius auratus)、鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、鲮鱼(Cirrhinus molitorella)和胡子鲇(Clarias fuscus),进行为期194 d的养殖试验,期间共进行7次浮游动物样本采集和2次生长指标测定,分析各组浮游动物的群落结构和养殖效能指标.结果发现,A、B、C 3组试验组共鉴定出浮游动物4类30种,其中轮虫种类最多,均占55%以上;B组的浮游动物种数最多,比A、C组分别高8.00%、3.85%;各组浮游动物密度为57-253 ind./L,生物量为0.32-8.22 mg/L.浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)均为B组最高,分别为2.14、0.97和0.87,且β-中污染和重污染次数最少,表明B组水质优于A组和C组.鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度均为B组最大,其增重率和特定生长率较C组显著提升,分别提高24.92%和3.81%;鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度均为A组最大,其增重率和特定生长率较C组显著提升,分别提高18.43%和3.50%,但与B组无显著差异.B组池塘试验鱼平均增重率、存活率和单位面积产量最高,分别为16824.53%、93.90%和1.42 kg/m2,较C组显著提升,分别提高12.49%、1.90%和19.33%;B组饲料系数(1.04)最低,较C组(1.30)降低20%,两组间差异显著.总体上,"3∶7"的鲢鳙配比有利于多品种鱼类混养池塘水体生态健康,能够提高浮游动物群落多样性,降低饲料能耗并增加养殖效能.

To identify the optimal stocking rate of Micropterus salmoides culture in a land-based round pond recirculating aquaculture system, five stocking densities were tested, i.e., D1–D5 with 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 fish/m2, respectively. The water temperature of the experimental pond was 20.0–26.5°C. The effects of stocking density on culture productivity and physiological indexes of M. salmoides (initial body weight 50.83 ± 7.28 g) were examined. The D1 and D5 treatments exhibited significantly improved growth performance. The population weight gain in the D5 treatment was the highest, which increased by 63.73%, 52.82%, 60.93%, and 45.08%, compared with groups D1–D4 ( P < 0.05 , each), and the feed conversion ratio was the lowest, which was decreased by 5.65%, 12.03%, 26.42%, and 21.48% compared with groups D1–D4. The levels of crude protein, essential amino acids, and total free amino acids in muscle tissue of group D3 were higher than those in the other groups. Stocking density did not differ significantly on muscle fatty acid composition P > 0.05 , each). The activities of serum AKP and LZM and liver SOD, AKP, and LZM in group D5 were significantly higher than those in the other groups. Thus, 100 fish/m2 was the optimal stocking density of M. salmoides at a size stage of 50.83∼130.13 g in the circulating water of land-based round ponds.

[目的]探讨微量元素铜和铁互作对方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)稚虫生长和生理机能的影响,为开发高效的方格星虫人工配合饲料提供参考依据.[方法]采用3×3完全随机试验设计,将基础饲料分成9组,设3个水平(7.8、13.2和23.5 mg/kg)铜(以蛋氨酸铜形式)和3个水平(61.5、120.6和243.7 mg/kg)铁(以蛋氨酸铁形式)随机组合后添加到基础饲料中,制成9种饲料.以8100条平均体质量为(16.12±0.26)mg的方格星虫稚虫为试验对象,随机分成9组(每组3个重复),分别投喂9种试验饲料,进行为期8周的养殖试验,分析评价方格星虫稚虫的生长和生理机能指标差异.[结果]饲料中铜和铁不同添加量对方格星虫稚虫的增重率、特定生长率、存活率和虫体铜含量均具有显著影响(P＜0.05,下同),对其体成分、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和虫体铁含量无显著影响(P＞0.05);饲料中铜和铁添加量对方格星虫稚虫增重率、特定生长率、存活率和虫体铁含量具有互作效应,对其体成分、CAT活性和虫体铜含量无互作效应.当饲料铜含量为7.8 mg/kg、铁含量为120.6 mg/kg时,方格星虫稚虫的增重率和特定生长率最高;当铜含量一定时,方格星虫稚虫的增重率和特定生长率随着铁含量的增加呈先升后降变化趋势;当铜含量为7.8 mg/kg时,方格星虫稚虫的存活率主要受铁含量影响,表现为存活率随着铁含量的增加而上升.方格星虫稚虫的CAT活性主要受饲料铁含量影响,在铁含量为61.5 mg/kg的处理中活性最低,且显著低于其他处理.[结论]饲料中铜和铁的交互作用可显著影响方格星虫稚虫的生长、成活及虫体铜含量,且铁元素对方格星虫稚虫生长的影响大于铜元素.以增重率为评价标准,方格星虫稚虫饲料中的最适铜铁含量分别为7.8和120.6 mg/kg.

为研究盐度和温度对中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)幼鲎呼吸代谢的影响,采用单因子试验测定盐度和温度对两阶段幼鲎(1龄和2龄)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.结果显示,在盐度5-40、温度25-37℃时,中国鲎1龄幼鲎的耗氧率为19.50-29.70μg/(g·h),2龄幼鲎为35.37-56.12μg/(g·h);随着盐度的升高,1龄和2龄幼鲎的耗氧率和排氨率均呈先降低后升高的趋势,1龄幼鲎耗氧率和排氨率最低值出现在盐度35和盐度30试验组,2龄幼鲎最低值则均出现在盐度20试验组,盐度与耗氧率、排氨率之间的关系符合二次回归方程;温度为25-33℃时,幼鲎的耗氧率和排氨率随温度的升高而显著升高(P<0.05),两阶段幼鲎耗氧率和排氨率的最高值均出现在33℃试验组,当温度继续升高到37℃时,幼鲎的耗氧率和排氨率均出现明显下降趋势(P<0.05),温度与幼鲎耗氧率、排氨率之间的关系也符合二次回归方程;不同盐度下幼鲎的O/N大体上呈先增大后减少的趋势,1龄幼鲎O/N最大值出现在盐度30试验组,2龄幼鲎最大值出现在盐度20试验组,不同温度下1龄和2龄幼鲎的O/N的变化趋势正好相反.以上研究表明,中国鲎幼鲎的耗氧率整体处于较低水平,且其代谢主要由蛋白分解供能;盐度和温度对幼鲎的代谢均有显著影响,高盐或低盐情况下幼鲎的代谢率显著高于适宜盐度条件,温度高于33℃时幼鲎的代谢率不升反降.

本研究旨在探究饲料中添加酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长性能、免疫力和抗病力的影响.在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、0.5％、1.0％、1.5％和2.0％的酵母水解物制成5种实验饲料,对5组初始体重为(25.80+0.45)g的吉富罗非鱼进行为期8周的养殖实验,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼.实验结束后,每个重复选择12尾鱼进行无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)攻毒实验,每尾鱼腹腔注射0.2 mL浓度为8.3× 105 CFU/mL的菌液,连续观察14 d,统计累积死亡率.结果 显示,随着酵母水解物添加量的增加,吉富罗非鱼终末体质量(FBW)和特定生长率(SGR)均呈先显著上升(P＜0.05)后下降的趋势.回归分析表明,当SGR达到最大值时,对应的酵母水解物添加量为1.29％.罗非鱼血清一氧化氮合酶、酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均随饲料中酵母水解物添加量的提高呈先上升后下降的趋势(P＜0.05),添加量为1.5％时达最大值.饲料添加酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼无乳链球菌的抵抗力有显著影响(P＜0.05),除添加量为0.5％的实验组死亡率与对照组差异不显著外,其他实验组罗非鱼的死亡率均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).本研究中,饲料添加酵母水解物可有效提高吉富罗非鱼的生长性能、免疫力和抗病力,且在添加量为1.5％时,效果最显著.

织锦巴非蛤(Paphia textile),为帘蛤科、巴非蛤属.俗称"花甲王",是广西沿海重要的经济贝类,在我国主要分布于南海,尤其是北部湾海域一带.织锦巴非蛤是一种中型海产贝类,营底埋式生活,喜沙质底,在底质条件合适的情况下很少出现大范围迁移,非常适合人工养殖.织锦巴非蛤具有耐储运、易加工等优点,此贝贝壳坚硬,表面光滑,具有规则的纹理,可被制成美丽的工艺品.

人工增殖放流是恢复鲎资源最有效、最迅速的方法,而了解和掌握环境因子对中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)幼鲎生长状况的影响规律,进而选择适宜放流的时间和海区,是保证人工放流得以成功的关键.本文在实验室条件下,研究了不同盐度(5‰、10‰、15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰、40‰)对中国鲎幼鲎成活率、蜕壳率、蜕壳增重率、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性、免疫酶活性、抗氧化酶活性等的影响,探讨了不同盐度水平下中国鲎幼鲎生长、蜕壳、渗透调节能力、机体免疫力和抗氧化能力等的变化.养殖试验持续56d,结果表明:不同盐度对中国鲎幼鲎的成活率、蜕壳率、二龄幼鲎均重及蜕壳增重率均有显著影响(P<0.05),且均随盐度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势;蜕壳率和蜕壳增重率与盐度的回归分析均表明,中国鲎幼鲎蜕壳与生长的最适盐度分别为24.10‰和24.94‰;一龄和二龄幼鲎的Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均随盐度的升高呈先显著升高后显著降低趋势(P<0.05);35‰和40‰盐度试验组一龄幼鲎的酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase,ACP)活性显著高于其他试验组,而5‰盐度试验组一龄幼鲎的碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性显著低于25‰试验组(P<0.05);盐度对二龄幼鲎的ACP、AKP和溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活性均没有显著影响(P>0.05);35‰和40‰试验组一龄幼鲎的过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性显著高于盐度较低试验组(P<0.05);二龄幼鲎的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase)活性随着盐度的升高而升高,盐度10‰试验组显著低于30‰和40‰试验组(P<0.05).研究结果显示盐度对中国鲎幼鲎生长、蜕壳、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性、免疫指标和抗氧化能力均有显著影响,蜕壳最适宜的盐度在24‰～25‰左右,盐度过高或过低都将引起幼鲎生长率和成活率降低,渗透调节能力、免疫力和抗氧化力显著下降.

[目的]明确微量元素铜锌交互效应对方格星虫稚虫生长和生理机能的影响,为开发方格星虫高效环保人工配合饲料提供参考依据.[方法]设计3×3双因素试验,将平均体重为(14.32±0.21)mg的方格星虫稚虫8100条随机分为9组,基础饲料分成3组,每组分别添加实际铜含量5.0、10.0和20.0 mg/kg及实际锌含量20.0、40.0和80.0 mg/kg,制成9种饲料(处理1～处理9),进行8周的方格星虫稚虫养殖试验,分析评价不同处理方格星虫稚虫的生长和生理机能.[结果]饲料中微量元素铜锌对方格星虫稚虫增重率、特定生长率、成活率、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性、虫体铜和虫体锌含量均具有显著影响(P＜0.05,下同),对其体成分无显著影响(P＞0.05,下同).饲料中的铜和锌添加量对方格星虫稚虫增重率、特定生长率、成活率和AKP活性具有显著交互效应,对其体成分、虫体铜和虫体锌含量无交互效应.处理8(铜添加量为20.0 mg/kg,锌添加量为40.0 mg/kg)方格星虫稚虫的增重率和特定生长率最高;锌添加量为40.0 mg/kg处理组(处理2、处理5和处理8)方格星虫稚虫的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于锌添加量为80.0 mg/kg的处理组(处理3、处理6和处理9);当铜添加量适量或偏低(5.0和10.0 mg/kg)时,方格星虫稚虫的成活率主要受锌含量影响,表现为随锌含量的升高呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而当铜添加量上升至20.0 mg/kg时,方格星虫稚虫的存活率主要受铜添加量影响,但处理间差异不显著;方格星虫稚虫的AKP活性主要受饲料中锌含量影响,其中,在添加锌水平为20.0 mg/kg的处理组(处理1、处理4和处理7)中较低,且显著低于其余处理;虫体铜、锌含量同样受饲料铜、锌添加量的影响,与饲料中铜、锌添加量的变化呈正相关.[结论]饲料中铜和锌添加量均可影响方格星虫稚虫生长、体成分和体内元素的分布和积累,以及AKP活性,其中饲料锌元素对方格星虫稚虫生长的影响大于饲料铜元素.以增重率为评价标准,方格星虫稚虫饲料中最适铜和锌含量分别为20.0和40.0 mg/kg,对应的蛋氨酸铜添加量为117.6 mg/kg,蛋氨酸锌添加量为42.1 mg/kg.

在适宜的投饲率范围内,随着投饲率的增加,鱼类的生长性能得到增强.为探明不同投饲率对鲻幼鱼生长、体成分、肝脏消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响,以平均体质量(37.96±0.89)g的鲻幼鱼为试验对象,设置饥饿、次饱食、饱食和过饱食4个不同投饲率(2.5％、5％、10％和15％),每组3个平行,每个平行20尾,养殖56 d后测量各指标.试验结果显示:不同投饲率对鲻幼鱼的质量日增加率、特定生长率、饲料利用率、肥满度、肝体指数、全鱼水分含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、肝脏蛋白酶活性、脂肪酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性和溶菌酶活性均有显著影响(P＜0.05);对成活率、脏体指数、粗灰分含量和肝脏淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P＞0.05).随着投饲率的升高,鲻幼鱼质量日增加率、特定生长率、肥满度、肝体指数、粗脂肪含量、肝脏蛋白酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和溶菌酶活性呈先增高后趋于平稳的趋势;饲料利用率、全鱼水分含量、粗蛋白含量随投饲率升高呈显著下降趋势;肝脏脂肪酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性随投饲率的增高呈先升后降的趋势,在投饲率为10％时达到最大值.综合生长速率、饲料利用率、营养成分含量及消化酶活性、免疫酶指标来分析,确定鲻幼鱼的最适投饲率为10％.

试验研究了不同放养密度对黄颡鱼生长性能和水质的影响,为今后黄颡鱼的露天规模养殖提供参考.试验塘(A、B、C)水深约为2.0 m的土质塘,放养密度分别设置为每667 m2放养1.00,2.00和3.00万尾,试验持续315 d,在试验第1,109和315 d进行3次水质检测,试验结束后测定各塘黄颡鱼的生长性能指标.结果发现,随着放养密度的增加,黄颡鱼增重率和体长增长率均减小;肥满度先下降后上升;饲料系数和变异系数增大;水体中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总氮和总磷的含量先上升后降低;从试验开始到第109 d,水体中硝酸盐含量都处于较低水平;试验后期,B塘水体中硝酸盐含量剧增;试验前期水体中亚硝酸盐、总氮和总磷含量稳定;中后期亚硝酸盐和总磷含量先增加后减少,总氮含量在一定范围内波动,但差异不显著.综上,放养密度增加会抑制黄颡鱼的生长,水体中亚硝酸盐增加也会导致水质恶化.

在水温26～30℃,盐度18～22条件下,初始体质量(0.012±0.000)g的拟穴青蟹仔蟹饲养在底铺1～2 cm细沙、边缘放5 cm2瓦片的塑料水桶(直径20 cm,水深20 cm)中,投喂以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、糊化木薯淀粉和糊化玉米淀粉为糖源的7种等氮等能饲料,养殖3周,研究不同糖源对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长、体组成及消化酶活性的影响.试验结果显示,不同糖源显著影响拟穴青蟹仔蟹的生长性能(P<0.05);质量增加率和特定生长率依次为糊化木薯淀粉>糊化玉米淀粉>木薯淀粉>玉米淀粉>糊精>蔗糖>葡萄糖;葡萄糖试验组的成活率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05).不同糖源对拟穴青蟹仔蟹体组成中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量影响显著(P<0.05),对仔蟹的水分和灰分含量影响不显著(P>0.05);不同糖源对3种消化酶活性影响显著(P<0.05).拟穴青蟹仔蟹对大分子糖源的生物利用度要大于小分子糖源.在本试验的研究条件下,7种常见糖源中糊化木薯淀粉是拟穴青蟹仔蟹的最适糖源.

As one of the most serious pathogens in mariculture, the outbreaks of grouper Iridovirus (SGIV-Gx) caused high mortality rates in cultured groupers in Guangxi, China. Hence, effective medicines for fighting against grouper Iridovirus are urgently needed. The possible application of Curcuma kwangsiensis ingredients against SGIV-Gx infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in this study. The safe working concentration of each C. kwangsiensis ingredient was identified (C. kwangsiensis ethanol ingredient, CKEE <= 5 mg/ml; curcumin <= 20 mu g/ml; curdione <= 500 mu g/ml; curcumenol <= 500 mu g/ml; curcumol displayed no cytotoxic effects even at 2 mg/ml) in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activities of each C. kwangsiensis ingredient against SGIV-Gx infection were analysed using aptamer (Q2)-based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2-AFMP) and RT-qPCR. The results showed that C. kwangsiensis ingredient (CKEE, curcumin, curcumol, curdione and curcumenol) displayed antiviral activities against SGIV-Gx infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, according to the inhibitory percentage analysed using RT-qPCR results, CKEE and curdione had the best antiviral activity against SGIV-Gx above 93%. Overall, the results suggest that some C. kwangsiensis ingredients have excellent antiviral effects, making it an interesting candidate for developing effective medicines for preventing and controlling SGIV-Gx outbreaks in mariculture.

随着我国海水养殖业发展日益加速,地方特色海产品养殖已经成为海水养殖业的重要组成部分.本文通过介绍广西几种特色海水养殖品种研究发展的实际情况及相关资料,侧面反映广西近几十年在特色海产品养殖领域取得的研究进展,指出广西特色海水养殖品种产业发展过程存在的一些问题,并对产业未来的可持续发展提出参考建议.

To investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile crab, Scylla paramamosain, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying carbohydrate contents of 20.34％, 25.59％, 30.17％, 35.30％ and 39.95％ were fed to juvenile crabs with an average body weight of (38.11±0.55) mg of triplicate groups, respectively, for a 3-week feeding trial. Results showed that the survival rate, weight gain ratio and specific growth rate of the juvenile crabs significantly increased firstly and then decreased under the increased dietary carbohydrate level (P<0.05) with the highest level at 30.17％. With the increasing dietary carbohydrate level, the body crude protein and body ash contents of the crabs were significantly increased firstly and then decreased (P<0.05) with the highest level at 35.30％. Dietary carbohydrate level significantly affected amylase activity (P<0.05) without any significant influence on protease and lipase activities (P>0.05). The amylase activity significantly induced by high carbohydrate level (P<0.05). These results indicate that the diet with 25.59％-35.30％ carbohydrate could greatly support growth performance. The regression model analysis showed that the most suitable dietary carbohydrate level reach the highest weight gain ratio is 29.93％.

通过单因素试验,给拟穴青蟹幼蟹[平均体质量(38.26±0.11)mg]饲喂不同铁元素含量饲料(铁元素的实际含量分别为8.1、39.7、55.6、122.3、275.2、468.3mg/kg)3周,研究铁元素对幼蟹成活率、增重率、特定生长率及体组成的影响.结果 表明,饲料中铁元素含量对拟穴青蟹幼蟹的终末体质量、增重率及特定生长率有显著影响(P＜0.05),对幼蟹的成活率没有显著影响(P＞0.05).随着饲料铁元素含量的增加,幼蟹的终末体质量、增重率及特定生长率呈先显著升高(P＜0.05)后显著降低(P＜0.05)的趋势,铁元素含量为55.6mg/kg试验组,幼蟹终末体质量、增重率及特定生长率均达到最大.饲料中不同铁元素含量对幼蟹的水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量没有显著影响(P＞0.05),对幼蟹的粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P＜0.05),生长率最高组,即铁元素含量为55.6mg/kg的试验组幼蟹粗脂肪含量最高,显著高于铁元素含量122.3mg/kg、275.2mg/kg和468.3mg/kg试验组.线性回归分析表明,拟穴青蟹幼蟹饲料铁元素的最适含量为51.80mg/kg,此时幼蟹达到最大值217.70％.

为探讨低盐度急性胁迫对可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)的影响规律,研究可口革囊星虫对急性低盐度胁迫的响应机制,本试验先通过急性毒性试验确定可口革囊星虫96 h内对低盐度的耐受范围,再选取96 h最小死亡率盐度,研究该盐度急性胁迫下可口革囊星虫(平均体质量0.85±0.07 g)体质量、体壁含水量、Na+/K+-ATP酶活力以及酸碱磷酸酶活力在96 h内的动态变化.结果表明:在本试验盐度3.0～7.0范围内,可口革囊星虫24 h的最大死亡率盐度是3.0,可口革囊星虫96 h的最小死亡率盐度为7.0;可口革囊星虫死亡率随盐度降低逐渐升高,但相同盐度下随着时间延长,可口革囊星虫死亡率基本不变,可口革囊星虫96h内能耐受的最低盐度是7.0;在低盐度7.0胁迫下,可口革囊星虫体质量和体壁含水量在12 h内显著增大(P<0.05),12 h后趋于平稳(P>0.05);Na+/K+-ATP酶活力也在6 h内显著升高至最大值(P<0.05),6 h至12h又显著降低(P<0.05),此后稳定在高于对照组水平;酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力变化趋势与Na+/K+-ATP酶活力类似,均是先显著升高(P<0.05)后显著降低(P<0.05),最后稳定在高于对照组水平.以上研究表明,可口革囊星虫能够通过Na+/K+-ATP酶、酸碱磷酸酶等渗透和免疫相关的生理调节机制,迅速响应低盐度环境,其对低盐度有很强的适应力和耐受力.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oxidized fish oil on growth performance, body composition and antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile peanut worm ( Sipunculus nudus). A total of 5 400 healthy juvenile peanut worm with an initial body weight of ( 28.86 ±0.63) mg were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates of 300 peanut worm. Six experimental diets were prepared using fresh fish oil [ peroxide value ( POV) was 1.37 meq／kg) and five kinds of oxidized fish oil with different oxidation degrees ( POV were 63.62, 151.17, 243.89, 357.79 and 457.82 meq／kg, respectively) , which named as OX0 ( con?trol) , OX1, OX2, OX3, OX4 and OX5, respectively, to fed peanut worm in 6 groups for 8 weeks. The re?sults showed that the oxidized fish oil with different oxidation degrees significantly affected survival ratio ( SR) , final body weight ( FBW) , weight gain rate ( WGR) and specific growth rate ( SGR) ( P＜0.05) , and all of them were decreased at different degrees with the increase of POV of the oxidized fish oil. The SR of OX5 group with was significantly lower than that of control group ( P＜0.05). The FBW, WGR and SGR of OX4 and OX5 groups were significantly lower than those of control group ( P＜0.05). The oxidized fish oil with different oxidation degrees significantly affected body protein content ( P＜0.05). The body protein content in OX1, OX2 and OX3 groups had no significant difference compared with control group ( P＞0.05) , but that in OX4 and OX5 groups was significantly decreased compared with control group ( P＜0.05). The oxidized fish oil with different oxidation degrees also had significantly effects on superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and glutathi?one peroxidase ( GSH?Px) activities of worm ( P＜0.05). With the increase of POV of the oxidized fish oil, the SOD and GSH?Px activities of worm were decreased gradually, and that in OX5 group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P＜0.05). In conclusion, oxidized fish oil will result in the retardation of growth, the increase of mortality, the reduction of body nutritional value and the damage of oxidation resist?ance of juvenile peanut worm, and the exacerbation of them with the oxidation degree of fish oil increasing. [ Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(9) :4396?4403]

为探讨饲料中添加不同含量枯草芽孢杆菌对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)幼蟹生长、消化酶活性及体成分的影响,以初始体质量为(25.74±0.51) mg的拟穴青蟹Ⅰ期仔蟹为试验对象,在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.1％和0.5％的枯草芽孢杆菌制成3种试验饲料,饲喂幼蟹3周.试验结果:添加枯草芽孢杆菌的组,拟穴青蟹幼蟹的终末平均体质量、体质量增长率、特定生长率和蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但两个不同添加量试验组间的差异不显著(P＞0.05);添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增强了幼蟹蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性(P＜0.05),对幼蟹的水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量均没有显著影响(P＞0.05);添加0.5％枯草芽孢杆菌的试验组,幼蟹的脂肪含量显著高于其它试验组(P＜0.05).结果表明,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对拟穴青蟹幼蟹的生长有显著促进作用,对蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性和体粗脂肪含量也有显著影响,添加0.1％ ～0.5％的枯草芽孢杆菌对拟穴青蟹幼蟹有较好的促生长效果.