The Middle Eocene Epoch was a pivotal period marked by pronounced climatic instability during the transition from a greenhouse to icehouse climate. The Jiyang Depression, located in the Bohai Bay Basin of East Asia, experienced the deposition of marginal-marine black shales under episodic marine influence, preserving a continuous and highly detailed record of past environmental changes. This study analyzes approximately 400 m of core samples from the Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression to investigate carbon and nitrogen cycling processes and assess the environmental impacts of both volcanic activity and the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) during the deposition of Eocene marginal-marine shales formed under episodic marine influence. Geochemical analyses reveal nitrogen isotope anomalies in the middle part of the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation (Es3l), coinciding with the MECO and accompanied by significant fluctuations in nitrogen cycling during this transitional period, indicating climatic instability. A second episode of nitrogen disruption is observed in the lower part of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Es4u), where fluctuations in nitrogen isotopes likely reflect the combined effects of episodic marine incursions and localized volcanic activity. The identification of two distinct nitrogen isotope anomalies provides new insights into the mechanisms controlling organic carbon enrichment in black shales.

Photocatalytic degradation is an eco-friendly method for decomposing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), yet it faces challenges such as slow photogenerated carrier transfer, poor separation efficiency, and limited active sites. Semiconductor composites offer a promising solution to enhance the catalytic efficiency. In this context, a novel 0D/2D BiOCl0.7I0.3/Bi2MoO6 (BOCI-BMO) direct Z-scheme photocatalyst was synthesized via a solvothermal method, featuring 0D BiOCl0.7I0.3 quantum dots anchored on 2D Bi2MoO6 nanosheets. The composite photocatalyst with an optimal BOCI to BMO mass ratio of 7 : 3 (50 mg) achieved over 94% removal of TC (10 ppm) in 40 minutes, demonstrating excellent cyclic stability and broad applicability. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results confirm that the photogenerated carrier transport between semiconductors follows a Z-scheme mechanism, significantly enhancing the carrier separation efficiency while preserving strong redox capabilities. Moreover, the unique 0D and 2D structures provide a large specific surface area, offering abundant active sites and reducing the carrier transport distance, thereby boosting the photocatalytic performance. This study provides theoretical and experimental insights for designing and synthesizing novel visible light-responsive photocatalysts.

Photocatalytic degradation is an eco-friendly method for decomposing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), yet it faces challenges such as slow photogenerated carrier transfer, poor separation efficiency, and limited active sites.

Semiconductor photocatalysis is a sustainable approach for pollutant degradation, yet its efficiency is often limited by low carrier mobility and high electron-hole recombination rates. In this study, ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets were modified with sulfonic acid groups and coupled with Bi2MoO6 via a solvothermal method to construct a sulfonic acid-bridged g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction photocatalyst. The composite exhibited enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity toward tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) degradation. Spectroscopic and photoelectrochemical analyses confirmed that the sulfonic acid groups acted as molecular bridges, promoting efficient charge separation and transfer between the two semiconductors. Moreover, theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrated that both the surface modification and heterojunction structure synergistically improved carrier dynamics. The degradation pathway and toxicity evolution of TC-HCl were also elucidated via LC-MS and predictive modeling, revealing the environmental safety of the photocatalytic process. This work explores a strategy for heterojunction photocatalysts and offers insights into water treatment.

Smart drug delivery systems have attracted broad attention in biomedicine and related fields. However, existing drug delivery systems face critical issues including premature drug release and easy bacterial adhesion on the surface leading to secondary contamination. In this study, we designed a smart composite material (SSTP) that integrates resistance to bacterial adhesion with controlled drug release. Porous polylactic acid (PPLA) was used as the drug carrier, and superhydrophobic TiO₂ (S-TiO₂) was spray-deposited onto the PPLA surface to fabricate SSTP, which exhibited a UV-triggered transition from a superhydrophobic state to a superhydrophilic state. Initially, SSTP is in a “closed” anti-contamination state characterized by superhydrophobicity and low adhesion, exhibiting a contact angle (CA) of approximately 152 ± 2° and a roll-off angle (RA) of approximately 9 ± 2°. This state effectively prevents bacterial contamination and premature drug release. Upon UV irradiation, SSTP transitions from the superhydrophobic “closed” state to a superhydrophilic “open” state, thereby facilitating drug release. Furthermore, SSTP exhibits good biocompatibility, indicating its potential for biomedical applications. The SSTP designed and fabricated in this study offers new insights into the design of novel smart antibacterial materials.

Helium and natural hydrogen resources in the subsurface have attracted substantial attention due to their essential roles in contemporary society. Globally, accumulations of these gases were predominantly found in the shallow crust; however, the impact of the multi-spherical interactions within the Earth, particularly crust-mantle interaction, on their generation-accumulation in tectonomagmatically active sedimentary basins remains unexplored. In this study, we have compiled 806 global gas data coupled with volcanic rock degassing experiments for the purpose of evaluating how the crust-mantle interaction influences the generation-accumulation of helium and hydrogen in the Bohai Bay Basin, China. In the Bohai Bay Basin, helium is primarily sourced from the decay of radioactive elements in the basement rock, with mantle-derived helium providing an additional contribution that averages at 18.85%. The formation of helium-rich reservoirs in natural gas systems, primarily driven by groundwater degassing dynamics, exhibits critical dependence on the gas-to-water ratio. Natural hydrogen is predominantly generated through low-temperature water-rock reactions in iron-rich rocks, radiolysis of water, and mantle-derived hydrogen-rich fluids. The subduction of the west Pacific Plate has induced the upwelling of asthenospheric materials, which transport deep mantle-derived volatiles (He, H2, CO2, N2, etc.) into the Bohai Bay Basin via deep-seated faults. As a result, helium and hydrogen resources are widely distributed yet locally concentrated in the Bohai Bay Basin. Our calculation reveals that the crust of the study area has cumulatively produced 68.0 & times; 109 m3 STP of helium and 23.1 & times; 1012 m3 STP of hydrogen, while the mantle has contributed 16.0 & times; 109 m3 STP of helium and 10.3 & times; 1012 m3 STP of hydrogen. The natural gas system in the Bohai Bay Basin has trapping efficiencies of 2.9% and 0.07% for these helium and hydrogen resources, respectively. A calculated maximum abiotic CH4 resource of 3.74 & times; 1012 m3 STP may be generated by the potential Fischer-Tropsch Type reactions. Such a large potential abiotic CH4 resource explains the very low trapping efficiency of hydrogen.

The origins of natural hydrogen in natural gas systems of sedimentary basins and the capacity of these systems to store hydrogen remain inadequately understood, posing crucial questions for the large-scale exploration of natural hydrogen. This study reports on the natural gas composition, stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic values, and helium isotopic values of gas samples collected from the Qingshen gas deposit within volcanic rocks of the Songliao Basin. Natural hydrogen primarily originates from water radiolysis, water-rock interactions (WRI), and mantle. The Qingshen gas deposit contains 95.23 × 10 9 cubic meters of abiotic CH 4 , of which 15.24 × 10 9 cubic meters was generated through hydrogen conversion via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, with the maximum original hydrogen reserves calculated to be approximately 61.9 × 10 9 cubic meters. We estimated that the study area has generated a maximum total of 572 × 10 9 cubic meters of radiolytic hydrogen, 248 × 10 9 cubic meters of WRI hydrogen, and 127 × 10 9 cubic meters of mantle-derived hydrogen.

Although the productivity of modern volcanic soils is well established, the fertilization effects of ancient volcanic ash on aqueous ecosystems remains contentious. Here we demonstrate volcanic fertilization effects on a Late Triassic lacustrine ecosystem based on micropaleontological and geochemical records from the Yanchang Formation of North China. Frequent eruptions of a regional volcanic arc system increased cyanobacterial populations and organic carbon sinking fluxes, as recorded by extreme total organic carbon content (>30 wt.%) and positive organic carbon and negative nitrogen isotopic excursions. In turn, high levels of primary productivity induced intense water-column anoxia, facilitating preservation of organic matter. These findings underscore the potential influences of volcanism on ecological conditions, primary productivity, and carbon sequestration throughout geological history.

Developing stable and efficient photocatalysts is a promising approach for mitigating water pollution. A major challenge is the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers, which hampers the efficiency of these photocatalysts. To address this challenge, element doping, morphology regulation, and heterostructure construction are considered effective strategies for improving the efficiency of photogenerated carrier separation. Hence, a 2D/2D S-scheme Van der Waals heterojunction (PCN/BOCI) is successfully synthesized by combining P-doped g-C3N4 (PCN) with BiOCl0.75I0.25 (BOCI). The optimal 6:4 PCN/BOCI composite achieves a tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation rate that is 2.4 times higher than that of pure PCN and 1.6 times higher than pure BOCI under visible light irradiation. The results suggest that the 2D/2D S-scheme Van der Waals heterojunction by offering more active sites, reduces carrier transport distance, enhances carrier separation efficiency, and improves REDOX ability compared to the individual PCN and BOCI components. Furthermore, a detailed analysis is conducted on the toxicology and biotoxicity of the degradation products to ensure that they do not pose additional environmental or health risks. This work provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the design and development of high-performance S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.

Occurrence and abundance of molecular hydrogen in natural geologic reservoirs are enigmatic, due to its various sources, diverse migration pathways and complicated biological and chemical reactions. Natural gas samples containing hydrogen from producing wells in several sedimentary basins in China were collected in this study, and gas abundances and isotopic compositions of these gases were compared with those in global petroliferous basins and deep intrusive rocks. Several geochemical indicators were suggested for identifying sources, migration and accumulation mechanisms of hydrogen in the subsurface environment. Hydrogen contents in natural gas deposits have contributions from various sources with the following high-to-low order: microbial degradation > serpentinization > deep mantle volatile release > radiation-induced water decomposition > thermal cracking of organic matter. A hydrogen-rich reservoir in Kansas, USA, is specifically analyzed to determine its formation mechanism. This study suggests that future exploration of geological hydrogen resources may focus on the igneous rock bodies with overlying dense sedimentary rocks in the continental rift systems.

A series of large-scale abiotic gas reservoirs have been discovered in a few rift basins in eastern China. However, the compositions of the abiotic gases in each gas reservoir differ significantly, dominated by CO2 or CH4. This study aims to explore the factors controlling the large-scale generation and accumulation of different types of abiotic gases in the reservoirs. CO2 is the major component of the abiotic gases in the Huangqiao, Huagou, and Pingfangwang reservoirs, exceeding 60 % up to 95 % and the delta C-13(CO2) values are generally greater than -8 parts per thousand. CH4 is the major component in the Qingshen and Songnan reservoirs with content up to 94.98 %. The delta C-13(CH4) values are commonly greater than -30 parts per thousand (up to -16.8 parts per thousand) and the alkanes exhibit a reverse sequence (delta C-13(CH4) > delta C-13(C2H6) > delta C-13(C3H8) > delta C-13(C4H10)). Most of the He-3/He-4 ratios of the reservoirs are commonly greater than 1 Ra. The carbon isotope values and He-3/He-4 ratios indicate that most of the gas components (CO2 or CH4) are abiotic. The abiotic CO2 is associated with mantle-degassing, and abiotic CH4 is mantle-derived and/or attributed to Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions. The ratios of Fe3+/& sum;Fe of the basalt near the Huangqiao reservoir are higher than those near the Qingshen and Songnan reservoirs, suggesting the relatively oxygen-fugacity controls the major component of the abiotic gases. The northwestward subduction of the western Pacific Plate, starting from the Japan Trench, triggered extensive magmatic and volcanic activities, resulting in the release and accumulation of abiotic gases in the rift basins. The variation in oxygen fugacity associated with oxidizing materials (e.g., iron and manganese oxides) and carbonate and sulfate sediments carried by the subducted plate determined the presence of abiotic CO2 or CH4. As the subduction slab continues moving forward beneath the continental plate, the influence of high-oxygen-fugacity materials gradually decreases, causing the abiotic gases to transition from CO2 to CH4. The Huangqiao, Huagou, Pingfangwang, Songnan, and Qingshen gas reservoirs are located farther away from the subducting slab, which explains the gradual shift in the abiotic component in these reservoirs. In general, the majority of the abiotic gases are released from deep faults and magmatic eruptions. Therefore, we conclude that the abiotic gas reservoirs are located near deep faults and igneous rocks.

The abuse of antibiotics leads to environmental contamination by residues, disrupting ecological balance and threatening human health, which requires urgent intervention. Photocatalysis is a safe and environmentally friendly technique for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. S-scheme heterojunction can improve the separation efficiency and redox capacity of photogenerated carriers, which is a promising method to improve the photocatalytic performance. However, S-scheme heterojunction still face challenges such as poor photogenic carrier migration rates at the interface and lack of active sites on the surface. Morphology control and Van der Waals (VDW) heterostructure construction are considered effective approaches to further improve photocatalytic performance. Hence, A novel Bi2MoO6/BiOCl0.7I0.3 (BMO-BOCI) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by integrating morphology control, S-scheme heterostructure, and Van der Waals heterostructure modification strategies. Experimental results indicate that the BMO-BOCI 2D/2D S-scheme VDW heterojunction exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in degrading tetracycline hydrochloride. In addition, both experimental results and theoretical calculations have confirmed the charge transfer mechanism of the S-scheme. The degradation pathway of tetracycline hydrochloride, along with its associated biotoxicity, has also been systematically analyzed. This study provides a theoretical foundation and experimental support for designing Sscheme heterojunction photocatalysts to efficient pollutant degradation.

Helium, a scarce strategic resource, and hydrogen, a zero-carbon clean energy source, are abundantly stored in sedimentary basins and are essential components of underground energy systems. However, comprehensive studies on their occurrence, resources, and exploration prospects in tectonically active sedimentary basins remain limited. Herein, helium and natural hydrogen resources in the Bohai Bay Basin in China, a tectonically active sedimentary basin, were investigated through comparisons with tectonically stable basins such as the Hugoton-Panhandle gas field and Mali. An average helium content of 372 ppm and an average natural hydrogen content of 0.34 % were identified in the natural gas reservoirs of the Bohai Bay Basin. Radioactive element decay, water-rock interactions, and water radiolysis within Earth's crust, along with mantle-derived gas, contribute helium and natural hydrogen to the natural gas reservoirs of the Bohai Bay Basin. Our assessment revealed 2.46 x 109 m3 of helium and 22.4 x 109 m3 of natural hydrogen in the Bohai Bay Basin, of which the natural hydrogen resources are equivalent to 67.12 TWh. The Boxing subsag in the Bohai Bay Basin was identified as a promising exploration area for helium and natural hydrogen due to sufficient helium and natural hydrogen production and favorable reservoir-cap rock assemblages. Moreover, the Boxing subsag with developed iron-rich intrusive rocks can produce orange hydrogen through water injection, and this area is also considered as an ideal site for carbon capture and storage and underground hydrogen storage.

The geochemical characteristics of the Paleozoic natural gas in the southern part of the Ordos Basin shows significant differences from those in the northern part. These differences lead to the increase in dryness coefficient and a heavier carbon isotope composition of methane attributed to the increase in organic matter maturity of the source rocks. Additionally, the Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the southern basin contains a higher carbon dioxide (CO2) gas content, and exhibits a common phenomenon of methane and ethane carbon isotope composition inversions. This paper employs gas geochemistry as the principal analytical method to systematically compare the north-south differences in the Paleozoic natural gas composition and to explore its origin and source. The findings indicate that the Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the southern basin mainly composed of highly over-mature coal-type gas. However, certain gas geochemical indicators suggest the presence of lower paleomarine hydrocarbon sources in specific areas. The observed inversion of methane and ethane carbon isotope composition in the Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the southern basin is attributed to the mixing of different types of natural gas. Specifically, the varying degrees of mixing with the Lower Paleozoic oil-type gas—characterized by a higher ethane content and lighter ethane carbon isotope values—are identified as the primary cause of the inversion of carbon isotopes. Furthermore, geochemical indicators of natural gas in the lower Paleozoic in the southern basin strongly reflect typical marine hydrocarbon source characteristics. While these gases predominantly originate from marine source rocks, a minor contribution from the Upper Paleozoic coal-type gas cannot be entirely ruled out.

Under the global decarbonization initiative, natural hydrogen has garnered significant attention as a green, high-calorific-value, zero-carbon emission clean energy source in marine and continental contexts. Previous research on natural hydrogen systems remains nascent. This study systematically synthesized the distribution characteristics, genetic mechanisms, and enrichment processes of high-concentration natural hydrogen globally, yielding four key insights: (1) Natural hydrogen originates from complex processes broadly categorized as organic and inorganic, predominantly including deep-Earth degassing, water-rock reactions, and radiolysis of water. (2) Hydrogen-rich accumulations exhibit widespread distribution, primarily occurring in rift systems, plate collision zones, subduction zones and their peripheries, as well as Precambrian iron-rich formations. (3) Natural hydrogen reservoirs form through dynamic accumulation processes requiring: high-quality source supply, favorable migration pathways and preservation conditions, and sustained influx exceeding leakage rates. (4) Favorable exploration targets should avoid microbial active zones and deep hydrogenation/hydrocarbon generation regions; current evidence suggests promising reservoirs occur in ultra-deep settings, peripheral areas of convergent zones, and shallow strata proximal to deep-seated faults. Exploration of natural hydrogen should prioritize evaluating the hydrogen anomalies to identify potential reservoirs and advance systematic comprehension of this emerging energy play.

Although photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is an efficient and environmentally-friendly technology for ammonia synthesis, it still faces challenges such as high recombination of photo-generated carriers and a lack of active sites for the reaction of catalysts. Constructing direct Z-scheme heterojunctions is considered an effective strategy to enhance carrier separation efficiency of catalysts. However, it still encounters the challenge of lacking surface active reaction sites. The 2D Z-scheme Van der Waals heterojunction has the same charge transfer mechanism of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions, ensuring high carrier efficiency and retaining strong redox ability. Additionally, its layered structure provides a large number of reactive sites. In this study, theoretical calculation simulation was employed to predict the properties of Bi2MoO6 (BMO) and g-C3N4 (CN), and to simulate the dynamic behavior of photogenerated carriers. A 2D/2D CN-BMO direct Z-scheme Van der Waals heterojunction was constructed. Remarkably, this heterojunction demonstrated significantly enhanced photocatalytic ammonium generation capabilities. This study provides valuable insights for the development of advanced heterojunction photocatalysts.

Precious gas (helium and molecular hydrogen) is a critically strategic resource. Using genetic identification methods and geological-geochemical analysis, its formation and enrichment are classified into two types: tectonomagmatic active basins (Songliao and Bohai Bay Basins) and stable cratonic basins (Ordos Basin). In the Songliao and Bohai Bay Basins, the origin of precious gas is associated with crust-mantle mixing, primarily linked to mantle degassing, water-rock reactions in mafic-ultramafic magmatic rocks, and water radiolysis. In the Ordos Basin, precious gas is derived from crustal degassing: helium originates through radioactive decay in sedimentary and basement rocks, while natural hydrogen is formed from reactions of water and rock in crystalline basements, radiolysis of water, and thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. The favorable conditions for precious gas enrichment include sufficient gas flux (radioactive element content and decay duration, water-rock reactions in olivine- and pyroxene-bearing mafic-ultramafic igneous rocks), favorable migration pathways and tectonic positions, and effective seals (e.g., saline aquifers and evaporites). The enrichment process of precious gas is primarily controlled by generation timing, geological temperatures, and accumulation-dispersion efficiency. Accordingly, we identify potential enrichment formations for precious gas: the Shahejie Formation of Boxing Subsag (Bohai Bay Basin), Huoshiling Formation of the Changling and Xujiaweizi Fault Depressions (Songliao Basin), and Lower Shihezi and Majiagou Formations (Ordos Basin).

The Tarim Basin, with its relatively low level of exploration, is one of China's largest superimposed petroliferous basins. Recent exploration advancements in the Shunbei-Shunnan area highlight the significant potential for ultra-deep marine natural gas. However, uncertainties surrounding the origin, alteration, and accumulation models of ultra-deep marine natural gas have greatly hindered future hydrocarbon exploration. This study systematically analyzes the geochemical characteristics and genesis of ultra-deep marine natural gas in the Shunbei-Shunnan area. Results indicate that the natural gas in this region comprises both primary and oil-cracking gases. Specifically, the Shunbei area's natural gas is primarily oil-associated, dominated by primary cracking gas with minor contributions from oil-cracking gas, whereas the Shunnan area's natural gas is predominantly oil-cracking gas. The maturity of marine natural gas varies, being higher near the Manjiaer Depression and relatively lower farther away. A sequential distribution of highly mature dry gas, condensate oil and gas, volatile oil, and light oil, accompanied by a gradual decrease in gas-oil ratio, is observed with increasing distance from the Manjiaer Depression. The marine natural gas in the Shunbei-Shunnan area has undergone various alterations, including cracking, thermochemical sulfate reduction, and hydrothermal fluid alteration. Hydrocarbon alteration is more pronounced in the Shunnan area than in the Shunbei area. The active period of strike-slip faults in the Shunbei-Shunnan area coincides with the major hydrocarbon generation and expulsion phases of the source rock. These strike-slip faults serve as critical conduits for hydrocarbon migration, enabling oil and gas to migrate vertically into the middle and upper Ordovician reservoirs, where they form the primary reservoir spaces for accumulation.

The limited light absorption range and rapid recombination of interfacial charges were deemed to be the main restriction of the photocatalysts for atrazine (ATZ) degradation, and the construction of Z-scheme heterojunction was an effective strategy. Herein, a CeFeO3/LaFeO3/ZnIn2S4 (CFO/LFO/ZIS) double Z-scheme ternary heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated by the in-situ precipitation and hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic ATZ degradation efficiency of optimized heterojunction reached 52% within 175min under visible light irradiation, which was 3.1, 3.7 and 1.7 times higher than that of CFO, LFO and ZIS, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the excellent light capture capacity and improved photogenerated charge separation in CFO/LFO/ZIS double Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst. Meanwhile, some environmental factors on the influence of photocatalytic ATZ degradation performance were systematically investigated. Quenching experiments confirmed that ·OH, h+ and 1O2 were the main active species during the photocatalytic ATZ degradation process. The possible photogenerated charge separation route was proposed via the analysis of the IEF effects between CFO, LFO and ZIS. Finaly, the possible ATZ degradation pathway was deduced by LC-MS measurement and toxicity assessment of the intermediates were also evaluated by the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST). This work not only provided a potential magnetic recyclable ferrate based double Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for enhancing photogenerated charge separation and light absorption, but also evaluated the intermediate toxicity and related environmental factors on the activity of photocatalyst, which was facilitating the practical application for the degradation of ATZ.

氦气是一种不可替代的战略性矿产资源,全球的商业性富氦气藏（He>0.1%）都是在油气勘探过程中偶然发现的.通过对全球75个富氦气田和1048个天然气样品统计分析发现,天然气中氦气普遍具有“稀”“伴”和“杂”的特征,富氦气田的埋深通常小于4500m. He-CH 4 和He-CO 2 气田的氦气含量明显低于He-N 2 气田（He>1%）.然而,前两种气田的氦气地质储量主要为10～7～10 11 m 3 量级,而后者仅为10～5～10～7m 3 量级.氦气与烃类气体在成因和运移方式存在显著的差异.氦气聚集以及长距离运移必须借助载体（地层水、烃类流体、N 2 、幔源流体等）,氦气的运移通道不局限在沉积地层,可延伸至盆地基底、下地壳,甚至岩石圈地幔.然而,氦气与烃类气体的成藏条件几乎可视为等同.烃类气体的存在不仅促进含氦流体中氦气快速解析和高效聚集,而且降低了氦气扩散性能、减少逸散通量.膏盐岩和厚层泥页岩作为盖层,有利于氦气在地质时间尺度下长期保存.大型富氦气田集中分布在古老克拉通盆地的隆起区及其周缘,几乎全部为壳源型.根据He含量与He/N 2 比值图版,壳源型氦气藏可划分为基岩供氦性、基岩-沉积岩联合供氦型和沉积岩供氦型.综合考虑中国的氦气品位、氦气资源禀赋、天然气工业化进程,以及目前的氦气提纯工艺,中、西部鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川和柴达木盆地的富氦气田是氦气工业提取优先部署区域,部分（特）大型含氦气田可作为重要接替区域.