云南热区特产中药材诃子是使君子科诃子属植物诃子及其变种微毛诃子的干燥成熟果实,又名诃黎勒、诃黎、诃梨、随风子[1]等.由于果皮和树皮富含单宁[2],诃子是制革工业重要原料之一.另外,诃子的秋冬两季干燥成熟果实,可以治疗慢性喉头炎、喉头结核、肠出血、痔疮出血、子宫出血、慢性子宫炎、崩漏带下等症,对各种癌症也有一定的治疗作用[3].幼果干燥后是另一种中药材——西青果(又名藏青果),有清热生津、解毒涩肠的功效.由于诃子具有丰富而又重要的药用价值,其非挥发性成分的相关研究比较成熟,主要集中于诃子的生理活性及活性成分[4-6]研究,另外,阴干的诃子还具有独特的香味,但其挥发性成分的研究鲜见报道.

Investigation of acetone extract of the leaves and stems of Daphne feddei afforded three new phenylpropanoids, feddeiketones A-C (1-3), together with nine known phenylpropanoids (4-11). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-3 were tested for their anti-HIV-1 activities and cytotoxicities against cancer cells. The results showed that compounds 1-3 have modest cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 activities.

Two new 4-hydroxyisoflavanes, cordifoliflavanes A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis cordifolioidea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-HIV-1 activities and anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 have modest anti-HIV-1 activities and anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities, respectively.

A new flavonoid, 8-formyl-3',4',5'-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavonoid (1), together with eight flavonoids (2-8) were isolated from the fruits of Camellia oleifera. The structures of compounds 1-9 were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS means. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus and antioxidant activity of 1 were evaluated. It showed anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity with inhibition rates of 85.7 % and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 2.78 mg/mL.

A new norlignan, nicotnorlignan C (1), together with four known norlignans (2-5) were isolated from the roots and sterns of Nicotiana tabacum. Tie structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS means. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus I activity of 1-5 was evaluated. All the compounds showed modest anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity.

目的研究不同提取方法对五味子提取物清除DPPH自由基作用的影响。方法以乙醇为溶剂采用不同提取方法对不同产地的五味子进行抗氧化活性的测定,以香草酸为对照。结果对DPPH自由基的清除作用随产地、提取部位、提取方法的不同呈现一定的差异。结论微波提取法最适合五味子中的抗氧化成分的提取,其中提取物清除DPPH自由基的作用由强到弱为根>茎>果实>香草酸。

Two new lignan derivatives, nicotnorlignan A and nicotlactone A (1, 2), together with two known lignan derivatives (3, 4) were isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-4 were tested for their anti-HIV-1 activity and anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities. The results showed compound 2 has high anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities, and all other compounds have modest anti-HIV-1 activity and anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities.

The method of Microwave Digestion and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the determination of the trace amount of Pb,Cr,Cu and Zn in farmland soil was established,and the uncertainty sources of the measurement results were analyzed.According to the analytical results,the uncertainty sources include the samples size,the repeatability of measurement,the preparation of standard liquid,the carve fitting,and the sample volume.These components of uncertainty were calculated by the mathematical mode.The results showed that the uncertainty of standard substance and the repeatability of measurement were the main source.Some suggestions for reducing the uncertainty were also given.

A new phenolic compound [2-hydroxy-1-(3'-hydroxy,4'-methoxy)-pentane-1,4-dione] (1), together with five known compounds (2-4) i.e., 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-pheny1-1-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-beta-D-galucopyranoside (2), batatasin(III) (3), D-glucopyranoside (4), glucopyranosylcaffeic acid (5) and vanillic acid (6) were isolated from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS means. The antioxidant activity of (1) was evaluated and it showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 2.92 mu g/mL.

Three new phenolic compounds, nicotphenols A-C (1-3), together with 14 known phenols (4-17), were isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were tested for their anti-HIV-1 activities and cytotoxicities. They all showed significant cytotoxic abilities and modest anti-HIV-1 activities, respectively.

Three new benzofuranylpropanoids, lanceolunes AC (13), were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS, extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic, and chemical evidence.

Compound (I) exhibits high anti-tobacco mosaic virus and moderate anti-HIV activities.

[Objective] To study the methods for extracting volatile components from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.[Method] The volatile components were extracted from the S.tenuifolia by simultaneous distillation extraction,backward flow,program raise of temperature microwave extraction and headspace.Then,GC-TOFMS was used to analyse their components and relative content.Besides,effects of different extracting technologies on volatile components were also compared.[Result] 60,27,38 and 34 volatile components were identified from S.tenuifolia extracts prepared by simultaneous distillation,backward flow,program raise of temperature microwave extraction,and headspace,respectively.Both components and relative content of volatile components were notably different in extracts prepared by different method.Moreover,estragole was the main component of the above S.tenuifolia extracts that accounted for 34.90%,39.90%,39.90%,and 84.82%,respectively.[Conclusion] The simultaneous distillation extraction is better than others,which could be used for analysing volatile components in S.tenuifolia.

A new monoterpene 4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-pyran-2-one (m.f. C10H12O4) was isolated from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. I 1 The structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS means. The antioxidant activity of the new monoterpene was 1 evaluated and it showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 3.53 mu g/mL.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, P.R. ChinaReceived May 24, 2011, Accepted October 31, 2011Key Words : Codonopsis cordifolioidea, Phenylpropanoids, Anti-HIV-1 activity, Cytotoxic abilityThe genus Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) is represented inChina by 39 species. Some of Codonopsis species such as C.pilosula and C. tangshen are commonly used as herbalremedies due to their tonic effects.

Two new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, rubrilignans A and B (1, 2), together with 17 known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were also evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activities and showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values of 2.26 and 1.82 μg/ml, and therapeutic index values of 35.5 and 18.6, respectively.