The Tarim Basin, the largest continental and marine superimposed basin in the northwestern part of China, is typically viewed as a stable and uninterrupted sequence during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Undeformed strata, thick shallow marine sediments and thin deep marine sediments characterize the basin. In this study, we identify various types of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) and an unconformity at four localities in the Aksu area, NW Tarim Basin. SSDSs include large-scale load structures, plastic intrusions and extrusions, load casts and pillow structures, liquefied breccias, ground fissures and lateral liquefaction, boudinage-like SSDSs, mound and sag structures, slumps, and small syn-sedimentary faults. The deformed layers are sandwiched between undeformed sedimentary rocks. Deformation features are found in the (a) lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation consisting of interbedded thin black shale and phosphorite chert layers, thick-bedded shallow gray dolomite and silicate layers; (b) upper Ediacaran Qigebulak Formation composed of dark gray to gray dolomite and grayish green mudstone layers; (c) in the brown sandstone layers of the lower Ediacaran Sugaitebulak Formation. These units contain fluvial-lacustrine, nearshore, carbonate platform, shelf, and bathyal sedimentary environments. The SSDSs and more detailed stratigraphy indicate a dynamic setting that includes the heretofore unrecognized unconformities, a sub-stratigraphic sequence interface and high magnitude seismic events. The SSDS were produced during rifting, short sub-aerial exposure and frequent seismic disturbances. Combined on the carbon and oxygen isotope records, gamma radiations and the concentrations of main and trace elements, the differences between the SSDS layers and the undeformed layers are preliminary analyzed. We propose that this sequence not reflect a stable tectonic-sedimentary environment during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Therefore, these units provide a unique glimpse into paleo-tectonic activity and paleo-ecological-environmental variation in the Tarim Basin during the late period of Rodinia breakup and the assembly of Gondwana.

Based on the field outcrops surveyed, combined with recent published the regional tectonic evolution and geochronology data, we analyzed the lithologies and rock associations of strata, identified the sedimentary facies types, and discussed the distribution sedimentary facies and the tectonic-sedimentary evolution in the eastern Qiangtang basin during the Late Triassic-Jurassic. Marked by regional unconformities, there are two tectono-stratigraphic units (from the Camian to the Norian and from the Rhaetian to the Kimmeridgian, respectively) in the eastern part of Qiangtang basin. In this paper, we systematically described the distribution range, thickness variation and lithological characteristics of different formations in the tectono-stratigraphic units. The Late Triassic-Jurassic is dominated by marine facies and marine-continental transitional facies. The marine-continental transitional facies include deltaic and tidal-lagoon facies. Marine facies including gentle carbonate slope, evaporative platform, restricted platform, littoral, neritic, bathyal and abysmal facies. The Camian Stage is dominated by littoral-neritic-bathyal-abysmal facies in the north Qiangtang depression otherwise the littoral-neritic facies in the south Qiangtang depression. The early Norian Stage is dominated by carbonate gentle slope-mixed continental shelf facies. The late Norian, Bajocian, Callovian and Kimmeridgian stages are dominated by tidal flat-delta facies in the north Qiangtang depression and littoral-neritic facies in the south Qiangtang depression. The Bathonian and Oxfordian stages are dominated by evaporative platform-restricted platform-mixed continental shelf facies. The sedimentary facies formed zones from north to south and extended in an E-W direction. The Eastern Lower Uplift (ELU) played an important role in the division zones of sedimentary facies from north to south. During the Bathonian and Oxfordian, the ELU developed below the sea level and controlled the distribution of restricted platform, evaporative platform and platform margin. Combined regional tectonic evolution with sedimentary records, we proposed 5 tectonic-sedimentary evolution stages : Active continental margin stage (Camian, I-1), foreland basin stage (Norian, I-2), rift-depression stage (Rhaetian-Bajocian, II1), passive continental margin-depression stage (Bathonian-Callovian, II2) and passive continental margin-depression stage (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian, II3).

塔里木盆地新元古界的构造属性及结构构造长期以来存在争议,也是深层研究的重点及难题.通过区域探井和地震资料联合解释,结合航磁资料综合研究发现,塔里木盆地深层存在近20个大小不等的南华纪-晚震旦世裂陷.裂陷发育在前寒武纪变质结晶基底上,与上覆显生宙盖层构造格局迥异.受正断层控制呈半地堑、不对称地堑及垒堑相间的构造样式,从东北到西南可分为NWW、NEE、NW向展布的三个裂陷群,地层最大厚度可达4100m.从南华纪到震旦纪主要断裂继承性活动,断陷沉降中心沿断裂向东迁移,震旦纪末期至早寒武世断裂活动减弱至停止.断裂走向及沉降中心展布表明,新元古代塔里木陆块不同部位分别处于NNE-SSW、NNW-SSE向拉张古应力场(相对现今),并伴有顺时针旋扭作用.根据同沉积断裂的活动性差异、岩浆活动、裂陷充填沉积物及与航磁异常的协调性分析,裂陷的构造属性多以大陆裂谷及陆内断陷为主.裂陷的主要发育期在0.8～0.61Ga,其形成与南阿尔金-西昆仑洋、南天山洋的初始打开为响应,且是Rodinia超大陆主要裂解期的产物.

塘古兹巴斯坳陷中生代地层缺失严重，中生代以来的构造发育、隆升过程，是该区构造-沉积演化的难点。裂变径迹低温热年代学技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术，在地质热事件定年、地质体热演化历史、构造区隆升与剥蚀等方面应用十分广泛，在确定隆升过程及热历史上有其独到的优越性。本文通过塘参1井钻井岩心样品的裂变径迹实验和热演化史模拟，结合地层发育情况，揭示了塘古兹巴斯坳陷中-新生代存在5个冷却抬升-增温沉降旋回，即248~240Ma（早-中三叠世）、199~120Ma（三叠纪末-早白垩世）、72~55Ma（晚白垩世-古新世）、24~15Ma（晚渐新世-早中新世）和7.4~2.2Ma（中新世晚期-上新世）等5个抬升冷却期，期间为沉降沉积期。此5个冷却阶段的平均冷却速率的变化具有先增后降的过程，从三叠纪至中新世期，平均冷却速率逐渐增大；在早中新世达到最大为4.22℃/Myr；晚中新世至今，平均冷却速率逐渐减小。反映了中-新生代以来隆升最快的时期为喜马拉雅中期（24~15Ma）。持续最长时间的抬升表现在侏罗纪-早白垩世中期，塘古兹巴斯坳陷处于前缘隆起，未接受沉积，并使中上三叠统沉积地层遭受剥蚀。且塘古兹巴斯坳陷中古生代及晚古生代早期沉积地层，在早-中三叠世前经历了较高的古地温，致使磷灰石样品发生完全退火，锆石样品部分退火，不同于相邻的巴楚地区。塘古兹巴斯坳陷热演化过程中冷却（抬升）及增温（沉降）事件的发生时期，与古特提斯、新特提斯闭合及印度-亚洲碰撞的关键时刻相吻合，可作为青藏高原多阶段构造运动的响应。

在塔里木盆地塔中隆起与满加尔坳陷结合部——顺托果勒地区的深钻井岩心中,发现了大量早中志留世软沉积变形构造.其中主要包括液化砂岩脉、液化角砾岩、触变底劈构造、触变楔、负载构造、球-枕构造和复合混插构造等.通过系统地观察软沉积变形构造的岩石组成、构造形貌及样式、垂向分布的循环性、横向分布的延展性、沉积环境及与古活动断裂的关系,确定其为震积岩.结合该区断裂早中志留世的发育特征,推测发震断裂主要可能是塔中隆起与满加尔坳陷结合部的北东向走滑逆冲断裂以及北西向剪切拉张断裂.在早志留世柯坪塔格组沉积时约4 Ma中最少发生了26次古地震事件(震级M＞5).这些古地震记录不仅反映了研究区志留纪构造的活动性,也是弥补主构造运动中高频次构造事件脉动性、循环性的重要证据,为重建中古生代的古构造提供新的线索.

The Mesozoic in the Tangguzibas depression was seriously absent, the reconstruction of tectonic evolution and uplifting process in this area is difficult during the Mesozoic. Low temperature thermal chronology technology of fission track is used in the thermal history of sedimentary basin in recent years, which is currently used in the geological thermal events dating, geological body thermal evolution history, tectonic uplift and denudation, and so on. It has its unique superiority; especially it can provide the processes of thermal history for lost many strata areas in superimposed basins. Based on fission track experiments, thermal evolution history simulation of drilling core samples in TangCl well, combined with stratigraphic development, this study reveals the thermal evolution of Tangguzibas depression in Meso-Cenozoic. Since Mesozoic, there are five cooling stages in the process of thermal evolution of Tangguzibas depression, including 248 similar to 240Ma (Early-Middle Triassic), 199 similar to 120Ma (Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous), 72 similar to 55Ma (Late Cretaceous to Paleocene), 24 similar to 15Ma (Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) and 7.4 similar to 2.2Ma (Late Miocene to Pliocene). In this five cooling stages, the average cooling rate can be divided into two stages and indicate the increasing in the early and the dropping in the later. The average cooling rate and uplifting rate increase gradually from the Triassic to the Miocene. The maximum average cooling rate attained 4.22 degrees C/Myr in the Early Miocene, and decreased gradually from the Late Miocene to present. The strongest and fastest uplifting occurred in the Tangguzibas depression, which responded with the Middle Himalayan Movement. The longest duration of the cooling and uplifting stages occurred in the Jurassic and early of Middle Cretaceous, the Tangguzibas depression was in the forebulge setting, almost unreceived the deposition of the Jurassic and the Middle and Upper Triassic were eroded during this time. The strata of the Middle and Upper Paleozoic in the Tangguzibas depression were experienced the higher paleo-geothermal before the Early and Middle Triassic, so that the apatites have been completely annealed and the zircons partially annealed, which were different with the Bachu Uplift. The polycycles of the cooling (uplifting) and warming (subsiding) events in the evolution of the Tangguzibas depression during the Meso-Cenozoic are coordinated with the closure of Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethys and continent-continent collisions between the Indian to Asian Plates, as well as responses of the multi-stages tectonic movements of the Tibet Plateau in the Meso-Cenozoic.

塘古兹巴斯坳陷中生代地层缺失严重，中生代以来的构造发育、隆升过程，是该区构造-沉积演化的难点。裂变径迹低温热年代学技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术，在地质热事件定年、地质体热演化历史、构造区隆升与剥蚀等方面应用十分广泛，在确定隆升过程及热历史上有其独到的优越性。本文通过塘参1井钻井岩心样品的裂变径迹实验和热演化史模拟，结合地层发育情况，揭示了塘古兹巴斯坳陷中-新生代存在5个冷却抬升-增温沉降旋回，即248~240Ma（早-中三叠世）、199~120Ma（三叠纪末-早白垩世）、72~55Ma（晚白垩世-古新世）、24~15Ma（晚渐新世-早中新世）和7.4~2.2Ma（中新世晚期-上新世）等5个抬升冷却期，期间为沉降沉积期。此5个冷却阶段的平均冷却速率的变化具有先增后降的过程，从三叠纪至中新世期，平均冷却速率逐渐增大；在早中新世达到最大为4.22℃/Myr；晚中新世至今，平均冷却速率逐渐减小。反映了中-新生代以来隆升最快的时期为喜马拉雅中期（24~15Ma）。持续最长时间的抬升表现在侏罗纪-早白垩世中期，塘古兹巴斯坳陷处于前缘隆起，未接受沉积，并使中上三叠统沉积地层遭受剥蚀。且塘古兹巴斯坳陷中古生代及晚古生代早期沉积地层，在早-中三叠世前经历了较高的古地温，致使磷灰石样品发生完全退火，锆石样品部分退火，不同于相邻的巴楚地区。塘古兹巴斯坳陷热演化过程中冷却（抬升）及增温（沉降）事件的发生时期，与古特提斯、新特提斯闭合及印度-亚洲碰撞的关键时刻相吻合，可作为青藏高原多阶段构造运动的响应。