Objective To understand the water source type,the water supply way and drinking water quality in the pastoral areas in Qinghai Province. Methods One hundred and thirteen water samples in 11 counties were collected in the rainy season in 2006 and the water samples were tested according to the methods in Analytical Methods for Water and Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2001),Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality(2001). Results 1 741 231 population were investigated,the population consuming centralized water supply and dispersed water supply were 1 013 283(58.19%) and 727 948(41.8%) respectively. The population of drinking underground water occupied 76.4%,of which,drinking spring water occupied 83.2% and drinking well water occupied 4.6%. The population of drinking ground water occupied 23.6%,of which,drinking river water occupied 53.6%,drinking lake water occupied 0.2%. There were 638 centralized water supply plants,of which,only 11 water plants had complete water treatment. The dispersed water supply was consisted of manpower(84.7%),handpump(9.8%) and machine(5.5%). 51 of 113 water samples were up to standard,the overall eligible rate was 45.1%,of which the eligible rate of ground water was 25.9%,underground water was 51.2%,centralized water supply was 56.8%,dispersed water supply was 15.6%,showed the significant difference(P0.05).In the present investigation,14 water quality parameters were tested and the eligible rate of chromaticity,pH,arsenic,manganese,nitrate,nitrogen were 100%,turbidity,total hardness,iron,fluoride,chloride,sulfate,total bacteria count oxygen consumption capacity were above 95%,and total coliforms were 48.6%. Conclusion In the pastoral areas in Qinghai Province the water quality is bad,water sources are seriously contaminated by microorganisms,moreover,the water supply way is undeveloped. Water disinfection should be enhanced in the areas.

对2002年青海高原居民膳食调查结果分析表明:每标准人日摄入食物总量908.60g。摄入营养素:能量1 940.14kCal,蛋白质62.29g,脂肪67.39g,碳水化合物270.34g,维生素摄入量占RNIs的55.38%~209.59%。矿物质以钙缺乏为显著,307.90mg,占RNIs的38.49%。膳食构成:蛋白质、能量的食物来源以谷类为主,分别占54.81%和59.05%。动物性食物占32.02%,且牧区高于城市和农村。谷类食物农村高于城市和牧区。脂肪:动物性食物占31.15%,植物性食物占68.85%。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物分别占供能比13.13%、30.46%、56.41%。

Objective To evaluate sanitary effects on attic type composting latrine.Methods The removal of fecal E.Coli and ascarid eggs on attic type composting latrine was assessed,and the removal of salmonella bacteriophage 28B was studied,according to sanitary standards for the non-hazardous treatment of night soil.Results Within 90 days of composting,the concentration of salmonella bacteriophage 28B was reduced from 108 pfu/g to negative results,death rate of ascarid eggs reached(99.8%),and the concentration of fecal E.coli increased from 10~(-9) to 10~(-2).Conclusion Attic type composting latrine is a latrine mode of aerobiotic ferment,which makes pathogen and ascarid eggs of night soil inactivate to attain the requirements of sanitary standard for the non-hazardous treatment of night soil.