[Objective]To study the effect of chemical detopping on long-fiber cotton in the hope of pro-viding theoretical support for integration matching techniques of chemical detopping.[Methods]The tested long staple cotton variety is Xin 78,A complete randomized experiment design was used to analyze the effects of seven detopping treatments:"Yiding","Yiding","Xianglingzhuan","Shiyifu","Miandingfeng","Guoguangguandingtaocan"and Manual topping on influences of cotton plant height,yield and yield compo-nents,main fiber quality.At the same time,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method base on entropy weight was applied to evaluate the 11 characters of each treatment.[Results]The results showed that the plant height increment of pre and post the chemical detopping and artificial detopping treatments were 16.1-40.9 cm and 3.1 cm,respectively;"Yiding"treatent number of fruit branches pe cotton plant was compare with"Mianfeng-ding"and Manual topping separately high 1.5units,1.8untits.boll number per plant of"Yiding"and"Yi-ding"treatments was significantly higher than those of"Shiyifu","Miandingfeng"and artificial detopping treatments,the boll weight of the"Shiyifu"treatment was significantly higher than that of the"Guoguang-guandingtaocan"treatment by 0.23 g,lint percent of"Yiding"treatment was significantly higher than that of artificial detopping,"Yiding"and"Shiyifu"by 1.1,1.2 and 1.3percentage points,the seed cotton yield of"Yiding"treatment was significantly higher than that of"Shiyifu",artificial detopping and"Miandingfeng"treatment by 16.4％,17.4％and 20.8％.The lint cotton yield of"Yiding"treatment was significantly higher than those of"Guoguangguandingtaocan","Xianglingzhuan","Shiyifu",artificial detopping and"Mianding-feng"treatment by 15.4％,16.0％,20.8％,21.2％and 22.9％,the strength and the length uniformity in-dex had little difference,but it was significant for the micronaire value and length.The comprehensive evalua-tion of fuzzy method showed that the comprehensive performance of"Yiding","Yiding","Guoguangguand-ingtaocan"and"Xianglingzhuan"was better than artificial detopping.[Conclusion]The plant height incre-ment of chemical capping treatment is larger;chemical detpping has a significant effect on yield and yield com-ponents,micronaire value and length;"Yiding"treatment effect is the best,"Yiding","Guoguangguanding-taocan"and"Xianglingzhuan"treatment effect are second.

近年来新疆玉米种植面积不断增加,新疆南疆夏季高温天气频发对玉米产量造成了不同程度的影响.玉米授粉期持续高温天气,易造成雄穗散粉少,花粉粒活性降低,雌花吐丝较干,不易吸附花粉粒,形成秃尖或败育等;玉米灌浆期遇高温天气,易造成籽粒灌浆不足,形成瘪粒或小粒.本文针对持续高温天气提出缓解玉米高温热害的田间管理措施,为促进玉米产业健康发展提供技术支持.

Advanced Materials Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed open access journal published semi-annual online by Omniscient Pte. Ltd. The journal covers the properties, applications and synthesis of new materials related to energy, environment, physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, including ceramics, polymers, biological, medical and composite materials and so on.

对机采种植模式下长绒棉品种新78高产示范田喷施脱叶剂后,组织2种机型采棉机进行机械采收,调查新78主要农艺性状和经济性状,分析机采、手摘及2种机型采棉机采摘棉花的采净率、含杂率、品质变化.结果表明:长绒棉品种新78果枝始节高度在18厘米以上,吐絮畅而集中,含絮力适中,对脱叶剂较为敏感,机采采净率高,纤维品质优良,具有高产潜力,是目前综合性状较优异的机采长绒棉品种,适宜在南疆长绒棉区推广种植.

探讨适合新疆阿克苏地区长绒棉脱叶剂的喷施次数和剂量,使棉铃提早成熟、集中吐絮,实现机采的目的.选用长绒棉品种新78,使用手动背负式喷雾器在不同时间喷施不同剂量的脱吐隆(540 g·L-1噻苯·敌草隆悬浮剂),并复配40％(质量分数,下同)乙烯利水剂,以清水为对照,探索脱叶剂对长绒棉的脱叶催熟效果及其对产量及纤维品质的影响.结果表明:T2(每666.7 m2一次性施用脱吐隆15 mL+40％乙烯利水剂100 mL)和T5(施用2次,第1次和第2次每666.7 m2分别用脱吐隆12 mL+40％乙烯利水剂30 mL和脱吐隆8 mL+40％乙烯利水剂70 mL)处理下长绒棉脱叶率和吐絮率较高,T2和T4(施用2次,第1次和第2次每666.7 m2分别用脱吐隆10 mL+40％乙烯利水剂30 mL和脱吐隆5 mL+40％乙烯利水剂70 mL)处理下籽棉产量较高,每666.7 m2分别为360.77 kg和364.33 kg,且T2和T4处理下的纤维长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度、成熟系数总体优于其他处理,短纤维率低.综上,T2和T4处理均可使长绒棉获得较优产量和品质,但从节约成本和节省劳动力方面考虑,每666.7 m2可一次性喷施脱吐隆15 mL+40％乙烯利水剂100 mL.

随着人们生活水平的提高,有机蔬菜成了当前市场中需求量较大的蔬菜种类.为更好地保证有机蔬菜的持续供应,加强对有机蔬菜种植栽培技术的应用推广是非常重要且必要的.

化学封顶替代人工打顶可降低劳动强度、提高作业效率,有助于实现棉花生产全程机械化.介绍了陆地棉化学封顶技术及配套的水肥运筹、整枝塑形、化学调控技术,以期为化学封顶技术在新疆阿克苏地区大面积推广应用提供技术支持.

选用新陆中48号,使用无人机喷施化学封顶剂"摇钱素"(质量分数20％的矮壮·甲哌钅翁水剂),以人工打顶为对照,探索化学封顶剂对新疆南疆棉花产量和纤维品质的影响.结果表明:与人工打顶相比,喷施"摇钱素"封顶的棉花株高增加17.1 cm,单株结铃数增加1.1,衣分高1.2百分点,籽指高0.22 g,衣指高0.62 g.喷施"摇钱素"封顶的棉花666.7 m2籽棉产量、皮棉产量和纺纱均匀性指数、纤维上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度均高于人工打顶.可见,无人机喷施"摇钱素"封顶可有效抑制棉花顶端优势,降低人工成本和生产成本,不会降低产量和纤维品质,可替代传统人工打顶.

通过对有5年树龄的骏枣果树进行不同叶果比的果实品质测定.结果表明:不同叶果比处理对骏枣果实品质及产量影响较大,其中影响最大的是叶果比为(16～20):1的处理,产量性状中鲜果重、干果重、经济产量均高于(4～6):1和(8～10):1处理,且与叶果比呈极显著性正相关,而单株产量大小为(4～6):1>(8～10):1>(16～20):1,与叶果比呈极显著负相关;(16～20):1处理在果实品质性状中可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量均高于(4～6):1和(8～10):1处理,且与叶果比呈显著正相关;维生素C含量(16～20):1处理最低,且与叶果比呈极显著性负相关;而果形指数和可滴定酸含量在各处理间无差异,且与叶果比无关.通过本试验发现,骏枣叶果比为(16～20):1时的果实品质较好,经济产量较高,可以实现果实优质丰产.

为研究扁桃枝条在持续低温下生理特性的变化,以本地12a扁桃一年生枝条为试材,通过测定不同低温(-10,-15,-20,-25℃)和不同处理时间(CK,3,6,12,18,24 h)下的枝条电导率、保护酶、渗透调节等生理指标的变化情况,分析低温和处理时间对扁桃枝条电导率、保护酶、渗透调节等生理指标的影响,并拟合应用Logistic方程计算枝条的半致死处理时间.结果 表明,扁桃枝条电导率随处理温度的降低和处理时间的延长呈现逐渐上升的趋势;保护酶(POD、CAT)、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖在低温和不同处理时间均呈先上升后下降的趋势;脯氨酸呈下降-上升-下降的趋势,而淀粉在处理下呈下降的趋势.根据电导率在处理下呈上升趋势,利用Logistic方程拟合不同温度下枝条半致死时间,在-10℃下对枝条不造成伤害,枝条在-15℃可持续15.61 h,在-20℃可持续10.03 h,-25℃可持续3.55 h.

以13株扁桃自然实生后代为试材,研究了各实生后代的开花物候期、花性状和自然坐果率,以探究自然生长条件下扁桃实生后代的开花结果习性.结果表明:在阿拉尔垦区,扁桃各实生后代开花物候期集中在3月下旬与4月初,花期8～13 d;花冠直径、雄蕊数目、花粉数量、花粉生活力、 自然坐果率均存在极显著差异:S3花冠直径最大,达到47.90 mm;S1、S2和S4雄蕊数目最多,达到45枚;S3单花药花粉量最多,达到5611粒;S1花粉生活力最高,为93.17％;S4自然坐果率最高,为10.59％.

扁桃属早春开花树种,春季“倒春寒”是影响扁桃开花结实的主要因素.本试验以6个扁桃花蕾为试材,通过测定扁桃花蕾在低温胁迫(4℃,2℃,0℃,-2℃,-4℃)处理下电导率、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉及脯氨酸含量的变化,分析其与抗寒性的相关性,并利用Logistic方程和模糊隶属函数法综合评价扁桃花蕾在低温胁迫下抗寒性的大小.结果表明:在低温胁迫下抗寒性与电导率呈显著性负相关,与脯氨酸含量呈显著性正相关,与可溶性蛋白质和淀粉含量不相关.低温胁迫下6个品种花蕾抗寒性的大小依次为:苦巴旦＞浓帕烈＞桃巴旦＞晚丰＞小软壳＞矮丰,评价结果与拟合的Logistic方程计算的半致死温度确定抗寒性大小的结果一致.

以扁桃实生单株为试材,研究扁桃坚果品质,采用隶属函数值法对扁桃品质进行综合评价.主要研究结果如下,1)坚果干重1.02～4.03 g,核仁重0.50～1.06 g,出仁率11.67％～60.60％,核壳厚度0.87～3.56 mm.2)可溶性糖含量2.57％～5.68％,可溶性蛋白质含量2.14％～5.40％,粗脂肪含量29.59％～43.72％,矿质元素的含量依次为K>P>Mg>Ca>S>Na>Fe,苦杏仁苷含量200.88～40947.09μg·g-1,总氨基酸含量65.09～130.75 mg·g-1.3)通过扁桃品质综合评价,其中S6、S10、S5的综合品质表现较好.

[Objective] In this paper,the physiological characteristics of 6 almond varieties during their natural wintering will be evaluated,and the cold resistance of different almond branches will be comprehensively evaluated,which might provide a theoretical basis for introduction,cultivation and promotion of almond.[Method] The membrane permeability,protective enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance content of each almond were determined during the overwintering process.The changes and correlations of physiological indexes during winter were analyzed,and the differences among different cultivars were compared.[Result] In the process of natural overwintering,the temperature of natural winter was negatively correlated with electrolyte permeability,MDA content,SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and proline content,and all increased first and then decreased.The change of temperature had a great effect on the change of electrolyte permeabihty,MDA content,SOD activity,soluble protein content and soluble sugar content,but had little effect on POD activity and proline content.And The varieties with strong cold resistance were more abundant than those with weak cold resistance,among which the changes of physiological indexes were more obvious during the overwintering period.[Conclusion] The results showed that through the physiological indexes of almond branches during overwintering that were determined,the conductivity,SOD,soluble sugar and protein could be used as indexes to evaluate the cold resistance,and the relationship between the cold resistance of the six almond varieties was evaluated by combining the membership function.The cold resistance of 6 almond cultivars was in turn:Nonpareil ＞ Peach Almond ＞ Aifeng ＞ Bitter Almond ＞ Wanfeng ＞ Xiaoruanke.