以库尔勒香梨为研究对象,研究采摘期内香梨品质指标变化规律及品质指标间的相关关系,建立表征香梨品质指标间相关关系的数学模型,并对模型准确性进行试验验证.结果表明,随着采摘时间的增加,库尔勒香梨的硬度逐渐减小,可滴定酸含量、叶绿素含量逐渐降低,可溶性糖含量逐渐增加;香梨可溶性糖含量与硬度、叶绿素含量、可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关,香梨硬度与叶绿素含量、可滴定酸含量呈显著正相关,香梨可滴定酸含量与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关,品质指标间决定系数r2值都大于0.89,方程拟合优度都较好.品质指标预测值与实际测量值误差较小,说明拟合方程较为准确,本研究结果可为香梨的采后加工技术和成熟度量化评价提供理论参考.

以13株扁桃自然实生后代为试材,研究了各实生后代的开花物候期、花性状和自然坐果率,以探究自然生长条件下扁桃实生后代的开花结果习性.结果表明:在阿拉尔垦区,扁桃各实生后代开花物候期集中在3月下旬与4月初,花期8～13 d;花冠直径、雄蕊数目、花粉数量、花粉生活力、 自然坐果率均存在极显著差异:S3花冠直径最大,达到47.90 mm;S1、S2和S4雄蕊数目最多,达到45枚;S3单花药花粉量最多,达到5611粒;S1花粉生活力最高,为93.17％;S4自然坐果率最高,为10.59％.

以扁桃实生单株为试材,研究扁桃坚果品质,采用隶属函数值法对扁桃品质进行综合评价.主要研究结果如下,1)坚果干重1.02～4.03 g,核仁重0.50～1.06 g,出仁率11.67％～60.60％,核壳厚度0.87～3.56 mm.2)可溶性糖含量2.57％～5.68％,可溶性蛋白质含量2.14％～5.40％,粗脂肪含量29.59％～43.72％,矿质元素的含量依次为K>P>Mg>Ca>S>Na>Fe,苦杏仁苷含量200.88～40947.09μg·g-1,总氨基酸含量65.09～130.75 mg·g-1.3)通过扁桃品质综合评价,其中S6、S10、S5的综合品质表现较好.

[Objective] In this paper,the physiological characteristics of 6 almond varieties during their natural wintering will be evaluated,and the cold resistance of different almond branches will be comprehensively evaluated,which might provide a theoretical basis for introduction,cultivation and promotion of almond.[Method] The membrane permeability,protective enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance content of each almond were determined during the overwintering process.The changes and correlations of physiological indexes during winter were analyzed,and the differences among different cultivars were compared.[Result] In the process of natural overwintering,the temperature of natural winter was negatively correlated with electrolyte permeability,MDA content,SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and proline content,and all increased first and then decreased.The change of temperature had a great effect on the change of electrolyte permeabihty,MDA content,SOD activity,soluble protein content and soluble sugar content,but had little effect on POD activity and proline content.And The varieties with strong cold resistance were more abundant than those with weak cold resistance,among which the changes of physiological indexes were more obvious during the overwintering period.[Conclusion] The results showed that through the physiological indexes of almond branches during overwintering that were determined,the conductivity,SOD,soluble sugar and protein could be used as indexes to evaluate the cold resistance,and the relationship between the cold resistance of the six almond varieties was evaluated by combining the membership function.The cold resistance of 6 almond cultivars was in turn:Nonpareil ＞ Peach Almond ＞ Aifeng ＞ Bitter Almond ＞ Wanfeng ＞ Xiaoruanke.