In order to further optimize China′s oilseed rape production layout, the temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of oilseed rape production layout in China since the 21st century were analysed based on data models such as production concentration index, production scale index, spatial centre of gravity analysis, and origin concentration coefficient. The results showed that since the beginning of the 21st century, the main oilseed rape producing provinces in China had basically remained unchanged, but affected by the different industrial orientations of the provinces, the production concentration indexes of oilseed rape in Sichuan, Hunan, Chongqing, and Yunnan increased year by year, and the three provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang decreased year by year. The successive implementation of the support policies for the oilseed rape industry promoted the gradual increase of the oilseed rape production scale in the southern region since 2007, and the corresponding decline in the northern region. The different location characteristics of the eastern, central and western three production areas and the seven major production areas led to the overall spatial distribution of oilseed rape production in China showing the characteristics of "decrease in the eastern, stabilize in the central, move to the western". The spatial centre of gravity of rapeseeds production and oilseed rape sown area gradually moved from the middle to the southwest. The origin concentration coefficient of oilseed rape in China generally showed a fluctuating upward trend, that was, oilseed rape production tended to be the main producing area. Under the comprehensive influence of natural environment, industrial model, policy support, scientific and technological innovation, China′s oilseed rape industry had more obvious regional advantages and increasingly optimized spatial layout. It was suggested that the international competitiveness of China′s oilseed rape industry should be further enhanced through the construction of the superior industrial belt of oilseed rape in the Yangtze River basin, policy support for oil and fat processing enterprises, the development of saline alkali land in the north, the expansion of winter fallow fields in the south, and the multi-functional development and utilization of oilseed rape.

Procyanidin-amino acid interactions during transmembrane transport cause changes in the structural and physical properties of peptides, which limits further absorption of oligopeptide-advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In this study, glycated casein hydrolysates (GCSHs) were employed to investigate the structure and interaction mechanism of GCSH with lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) complexes in an intestinal environment. LSOPC can interact with GCSH under certain conditions to form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form GCSH-LSOPC complexes. Results showed that procyanidin further leads to the transformation of a GCSH secondary structure and the increase of surface hydrophobicity (H0). The strongest non-covalent interaction between GCSH and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was due to the polyhydroxy structure of EGCG. Binding site analysis showed that EGCG binds to the internal cavity of P1 to maintain the relative stability of the binding conformation. The antioxidant capacity of GCSH was remarkably elevated by GCSH-LSOPC. This study will provide a new reference for the accurate control of oligopeptide-AGEs absorption by LSOPC in vivo.

以襄阳本地主栽油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种中油杂39、中双11、华油杂62、华油杂9号为试验材料,设置2个多效唑喷施时期(封行期、蕾薹期),以喷施清水为对照,研究多效唑对4个品种油菜成熟期农艺性状、抗病性、产量和油菜子品质的影响.结果表明,封行期喷施多效唑能显著降低油菜的株高、有效分枝部位、无效分枝数,增加分枝有效角果数和单株有效角果数,对其他农艺指标影响不大;2个时期喷施多效唑均能显著增强油菜的抗病性,提高油菜子产量和含油率,但封行期喷施多效唑能显著降低油菜子的芥酸含量和硫甙葡萄糖苷含量,品种间表现一致.本研究表明,4个品种油菜在封行期喷施150 mg/L多效唑,不仅可以有效降低油菜株高,还可提高油菜子产量和改善油菜子品质.

Plant proteins are high-quality dietary components of food products. With the growing interest in sustainable and healthy food alternatives, plant proteins have gained significant attention as viable substitutes for animal-based proteins. Understanding the diversity of protein sources derived from plants, novel processing technology, and multiple applications is crucial for developing nutritious and sustainable plant protein-based products. This Review summarizes the natural sources of traditional and emerging plant proteins. The classifications, processing technologies, and applications of plant protein-based products in the food industry are explicitly elucidated. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of plant protein-based food products are revealed. Strategies such as protein fortification and complementation to overcome these shortcomings are critically discussed. We also demonstrate several issues that need to be addressed in future development.

In order to study the relationship between the distribution and aflatoxin production capacity of Aspergillus species and soil types, 35 soil samples were collected from the main peanut planting areas in Xiangyang, which has 19.7 thousand square kilometers and is located in a special area with different soil types. The soil types of peanut planting areas in Xiangyang are mainly sandy loam and clay loam, and most of the soil is acidic, providing unique nature conditions for this study. The results showed that the Aspergillus sp. population in clay loam (9050 cfu/g) was significantly larger than that in sandy loam (3080 cfu/g). The percentage of atoxigenic Aspergillus strains isolated from sandy loam samples was higher than that from clay loam samples, reaching 58.5%. Meanwhile the proportion of high toxin-producing strains from clay loam (39.7%) was much higher than that from sandy loam (7.3%). Under suitable culture conditions, the average aflatoxin production capacity of Aspergillus isolates from clay loam samples (236.97 μg/L) was higher than that of strains from sandy loam samples (80.01 μg/L). The results inferred that under the same regional climate conditions, the density and aflatoxin production capacity of Aspergillus sp. in clay loam soil were significantly higher than that in sandy loam soil. Therefore, peanuts from these planting areas are at a relatively higher risk of contamination by Aspergillus sp. and aflatoxins.

为掌握襄阳市主要花生种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌的分布和产毒特征,从襄阳市主要花生种植区采集土壤样品36份,进行黄曲霉菌分离、鉴定和产毒力研究.结果表明,襄阳市不同花生种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌落数平均为5997.6 cfu/g,且分布存在显著差异,菌落数由高到低依次为襄州、枣阳、宜城、谷城;鉴定获得黄曲霉菌株中产毒菌株占63.6％,产毒量范围ND～304.9μg/L,不产毒菌株占36.4％;产毒菌株可分为7种产毒类型组合,其中同时产AFB1、AFB2和AFG1三种类型的黄曲霉菌占比最多,为54.0％.在适宜培养条件下,产毒力分析结果为襄州地区每克土壤中黄曲霉菌产AFT的理论值最高,可达2080.0×103μg/L,且其中分离出的菌株平均产毒量最高,为218.7μg/L.可以看出襄阳市花生代表性产区土壤中黄曲霉菌分布数量显著高于我国南、北方花生主产区的平均水平,但其菌株的平均产毒能力却远低于全国其它地区.本研究初步得出了襄阳市花生主产区黄曲霉菌的分布特征和产毒特征,可为襄阳市花生黄曲霉毒素防控提供理论依据.

为探究襄阳产区土壤类型与花生贮藏期黄曲霉污染风险的关系,以当地花生主推品种(小白沙)为研究对象,分别测定花生收获15 d和365 d后黄曲霉毒素含量以及花生壳内部和花生籽粒上的黄曲霉菌侵染率,并模拟了恶劣条件下黄曲霉菌的污染率,分析花生收获后在贮藏期间黄曲霉菌及其毒素污染与花生主产区土壤类型之间的关系.结果表明:不同土壤类型所产花生在收获后贮藏期黄曲霉毒素污染程度不同,襄阳产区花生中的黄曲霉污染主要存在于贮藏期,且黄黏土产区风险要远高于砂壤土产区.因此,结合襄阳产区花生主推品种,应尽可能采取砂壤土种植,或在黄黏土产区加强土壤中黄曲霉的防治措施,以经济有效地控制花生贮藏期黄曲霉污染风险,进而提高襄阳产区的花生食用安全性.

This paper used QuEChERS method, combined with NY/T 761-2008 and GB23200.8-2016 partial pretreatment methods, to extract pesticides from samples and purify and concentrate them. Then 19 organophosphates and 21 organochlo-rine pesticides in various vegetables were tested by using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that the recovery rate of 40 pesticides in vegetable samples was 63.5%~116.8%, which met the requirements of pesticide residue analysis. The whole process was more efficient and simple than the original method, with less solvent use, and more in line with the requirements of modern environmental protection.

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method with modified QuEchERs method for sample preparation was developed for the simultaneous determination of 12 carbamate pesticides in vegetables and fruits. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile,purified with QuEchERs method and filtrated by 0.22 μm microporous filters. The separation was carried on an ZOBRAX EclipseXDB-C18 Colum(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) by a gradient elution using methanol-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution(contain 0.1% formic acid aqueous)as mobile phase. The analytes were detected by tan-dem mass spectrometry under multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization(ESI+) and quanti-fied by external standard calibration method. The correlation coefficients of the standard calibration curves for the 12 analytes were all above 0.996 6. The limits of detection was 0.1 μg/L. The blank samples were fortified at three leves,and the average recoveries ranged from 80.0% to 127.0% with the RSDs from 1.1% to 10.2%. The method developed was easy to operate, sensitive,and had good purification effect. It could be applied for the rapid determination of 12 carbamate pesticides in veg-etables and fruits.

蔬菜水果农药残留是农产品安全的最大问题,文章就近年来蔬菜水果残留检测的发展,对残留农药的前处理技术及检测技术包括仪器分析和速测技术的发展做了论述.农药残留检测技术朝着快速、简单、准确、高效的方向转变.

在种植小麦赤霉病高感品种襄麦1321的田间进行施药试验.调查5种药剂:50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂、25％氰烯菌酯悬浮剂、25％咪鲜胺乳油、70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、30％福美双可湿性粉剂分别喷施l～4次处理对小麦赤霉病的防治效果.结果表明,施药24h内降雨对氰烯菌酯的防效影响最大;咪鲜胺防效相对较差,不同施用次数的病指防效为42.51％～64.55％;多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵和氰烯菌酯施用3～4次的处理防效较高,病指防效均达70％以上;福美双的防效随施用次数增多而提高,施用4次的处理防效也达70％以上.

The ability of oligomeric procyanidins from lotus seedpod(LSOPC)to inhibit oxidation in bulk rapeseed oil was studied.The results showed that 0.02% LSOPC was equal to 0.02% BHT in inhibiting the oxidation of rapeseed oil.However,0.10% LSOPC was less than 0.02% TBHQ.The acid value varied from 0.99 to 1.19,and the carotenoid content(β-carotene equivalent)reduced from 48.4μg/g to 0.99μg/g.The white index(WI)of oil increased by 24.50 reaching upto 26.82.Oleic acid,linoleic acid and lenolenic acid were significantly changed from 50.78×104 mg/kg,15.60×104 mg/kg and5.71×104 mg/kg to 44.54×104 mg/kg,13.39×104 mg/kg and 4.49×104 mg/kg,respectively.

In this paper,effects of inoculated fermentation on physicochemical characteristics of Yinmi flour and cooking qualities and tensile and TPA properties of rice noodles were studied.Results showed that the contents of crude protein,crude fat and total starch significantly declined( p 0.05),while the amylose content of Yinmi flour significantly increased by the fermentation( p 0.05).The solubility,swelling power and water uptake of Yinmi flour significantly declined( p 0.05).Compared with original rice,the structure and crystal type of Yinmi flour didn't change,while the crystallinity declined.The broken ratio and loss ratio of Yinmi rice noodles significantly reduced( p 0.05),but the tensile length had a significant increase( p 0.05),and the quality of rice noodles had improved.It is concluded from inoculated fermentation Yinmi flour is more suitable for the rice noodles production than original rice flour.

Background: Industrial food processing induces protein glycation modifications and toxic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which affect human health. Therefore, it is of interest to monitor AGEs in food processing. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) concentrations, solution pH value and metal ions on AGE formation by heat treatment of lactose-lysine model solutions. N epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), as one of the common AGEs was also determined by HPLC-MS/MS in this experiment.Results: The results showed that LSOPC can inhibit the formation of AGEs effectively at higher concentrations, lower temperature, and it can reverse the promotion function of metal ions because of its high inhibition activity. Also, LSOPC can inhibit CML formation in the Maillard reaction as well.Conclusion: These results indicated that LSOPC could be used as functional food ingredients to inhibit AGE formation. (C) 2014 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.