Insect gut bacterial communities are significantly influenced by host plants. Tuta absoluta (T. absoluta), an invasive pest that damages tomato, eggplant, and potato plants of the Solanaceae family, causes significant economic losses. This study investigated the effect of different host plants on the composition and functionality of the gut bacterial community of T. absoluta. The gut bacterial community of T. absoluta fed on different host plants was investigated using high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that the host plant significantly influenced the gut bacterial diversity. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria consistently dominated the gut microbiota of T. absoluta larvae regardless of host plant species. Regarding genus-level composition, Wolbachia was the predominant genus in larvae fed tomato and potato, whereas Enterobacter prevailed in those reared on eggplant. Functional prediction analysis identified several enriched pathways, predominantly related to metabolism. These included enzyme families, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, metabolism of other amino acids, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. This study revealed significant variations in the community structures of gut microbiota in T. absoluta feeding on different host plants. These findings will improve our understanding of the gut microbiota of T. absoluta and its potential interactions with the host insect, thereby facilitating the development of microbial-based pest management strategies.

Phelipanche aegyptiaca is a root parasitic weed that causes severe yield losses in tomato production. Current control methods are constrained by limited efficacy and environmental concerns. Although biocontrol microbes and amino acids have each been reported to suppress broomrape parasitism individually, their synergistic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study evaluated the biocontrol performance of Bacillus velezensis strain N35, applied alone or in combination with five amino acids (methionine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, and proline), against P. aegyptiaca parasitism in tomato using pot experiments coupled with transcriptomic profiling of host roots. Both individual and combined treatments significantly reduced the number and fresh weight of P. aegyptiaca parasitic tubercles. Notably, the combinations of methionine + N35 and isoleucine + N35 achieved near-complete suppression of parasitism. Transcriptomic analysis revealed extensive reprogramming of gene expression in tomato roots, with significant enrichment in pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis. The synergistic treatments coordinately activated ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid-mediated signaling, while suppressing auxin and abscisic acid signaling. Moreover, key strigolactone biosynthesis genes (CCD7 and CCD8) were strongly downregulated, and specific genes involved in the biosynthesis of defense-related secondary metabolites were selectively upregulated. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a pronounced synergy between B. velezensis N35 and specific amino acids in suppressing P. aegyptiaca parasitism. This enhanced host resistance is achieved through the coordinated reprogramming of hormonal and metabolic networks, particularly via interference with strigolactone-mediated germination signal secretion. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of microbe-metabolite synergistic strategies as sustainable and environmentally benign alternatives for broomrape management.

The root parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca poses a serious threat to tomato production in arid regions of Northwest China, yet effective and environmentally friendly control measures remain limited. In this study, an endophytic bacterial strain G24 with strong inhibitory activity against P. aegyptiaca seed germination was isolated from healthy tomato tissues. In vitro germination assays showed that both the fermentation broth and cell-free supernatant of G24 completely inhibited seed germination even at 1000-fold dilution, indicating that the active metabolites are extracellularly produced or released. Pot experiments further demonstrated that G24 inoculation significantly reduced the number, fresh weight, and dry weight of parasitic broomrape nodules on tomato roots, with reductions of 69.4%, 89.0%, and 88.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, G24 significantly increased tomato stem diameter, indicating its intrinsic plant growth-promoting capacity. Although both sterile NB medium and G24 suspension increased whole-plant fresh weight, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two treatments (p > 0.05). The reduced leaf chlorophyll concentration per unit fresh weight in G24-treated tomatoes was a typical growth dilution effect and did not suppress overall plant performance, and no phytotoxicity was detected. Based on morphological, physiological–biochemical, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (16S rDNA, gyrB, and rpoB), strain G24 was identified as Lelliottia nimipressuralis. As a native endophyte of tomato, L. nimipressuralis G24 exhibits excellent host compatibility, biocontrol efficacy, and growth-promoting activity, with no adverse effects on tomato development. This study expands the application potential of the genus Lelliottia in parasitic weed management and provides a novel microbial resource for the integrated and sustainable control of P. aegyptiaca.

Ultraviolet radiation serves as a significant abiotic stressor for numerous organisms, particularly impacting insects in various ways. Tuta absoluta, a highly destructive pest infesting of the Solanaceae species, was investigated to elucidate its growth, development, and enzymatic defense mechanisms of insects in response to UV exposure. This study investigates the effects of three types of UV radiation on the lifespan, egg laying behavior, and antioxidant enzyme activities of T. absoluta. Our study revealed a significant reduction in the lifespan of T. absoluta upon exposure to both UV-A and UV-B radiation, whereas extended exposure to UV-C radiation for 120 min and 180 min resulted in a decline in its egg laying capacity. Exposure to all three types of radiation (UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C) led to an irreversible decrease in catalase (CAT) enzyme activity. Upon exposure to UV-A, there was a gradual increase in peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity; however, at 120 min post-exposure, a subsequent decrease was observed. A notable elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed following exposures of both 60 min and 120 min durations under the rays of UV-A. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding the effects of UV exposure on T. absoluta as well as its potential application as a control measure, warranting further investigation.

Orobanche aegyptiaca is a holoparasitic weed that extracts water, nutrients, and growth regulators from host plants, leading to significant yield and quality losses. Biocontrol microbial metabolites have been shown to enhance plant resistance against parasitic plants, yet the underlying microbial mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Alternaria alternata JTF001 (J1) microbial metabolites in recruiting beneficial microbes to the tomato rhizosphere and promoting the establishment of a disease-suppressive microbiome. Pot experiments revealed that J1 metabolite application significantly reduced O. aegyptiaca parasitism. High-throughput sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes and ITS regions, along with in vitro culture assays, demonstrated an increase in the abundance of plant-beneficial bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas spp. The three candidate beneficial strains (zOTU_388, zOTU_533, and zOTU_2335) showed an increase of 5.7-fold, 5.4-fold, and 4.7-fold, respectively. These results indicate that J1 metabolites induce the recruitment of a disease-suppressive microbiome in tomato seedlings, effectively inhibiting O. aegyptiaca parasitism. Our findings suggest that microbial metabolites represent a promising strategy for managing parasitic plant infestations through microbial community modulation, offering significant implications for sustainable agricultural practices.

Insect life processes and reproductive behaviors are significantly affected by extremely high temperatures. This study focused on Tuta absoluta, which poses a severe threat to tomato cultivars. The effects of intense heat stress on the growth, development, oviposition, and longevity of T. absoluta were investigated. This investigation encompassed various developmental stages, including eggs, pupae, and adults. This study revealed that egg hatching and pupa emergence rates were significantly reduced at a temperature of 44 °C maintained for 6 h. The longevity of adults that emerged after the egg and pupal stages were exposed to 44 °C for 6 h was significantly reduced compared to the control. Notably, there was no significant variation in adult fecundity after egg-stage exposure to high temperatures. However, all treatments exhibited significantly reduced fecundity compared to the control after exposure to high temperatures during the pupal stage. Adult survival rates after exposure to 40 °C and 44 °C for 3 h were 74.29% and 22.40%, respectively, dramatically less than that of the control, which was 100%. However, no significant differences were noted in terms of longevity and egg production. These results offer a better understanding of the complex interactions between extreme temperatures and the life history traits of T. absoluta, thereby offering valuable insights for implementing management strategies to alleviate its impact on tomato crops in response to climate change.

[目的]番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta是茄科作物重要的害虫.本研究旨在明确番茄潜叶蛾的取食能力、种内竞争及生长发育情况,为有效防控番茄潜叶蛾提供理论依据.[方法]在实验室条件下利用功能反应方程、自身干扰模型及两性生命表对番茄潜叶蛾的取食能力(取食量)、种内竞争作用(分摊竞争强度)、生长发育和繁殖参数(发育历期、成虫寿命、雌雄性比、单雌产卵量和存活率)及种群参数(内禀增长率、周限增长率、净增殖率及平均世代周期)进行测定.[结果]番茄潜叶蛾3和4龄幼虫取食番茄叶片的的功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型,其对番茄叶片的搜寻效率分别为0.448和0.363,处理时间分别为0.018和0.006 d,每日最大取食量分别为55.56和166.67 mg.在食物量一定的条件下,番茄潜叶蛾3和4龄幼虫间存在较强的种内竞争,且3龄幼虫的分摊竞争强度大于4龄幼虫的.通过两性生命表对番茄潜叶蛾的种群参数分析表明,取食番茄叶片时其内禀增长率、周限增长率、净增殖率及平均世代周期分别为0.09 d-1,1.09 d-1,19.80和32.92 d.[结论]番茄潜叶蛾的4龄幼虫取食能力强,且其世代繁殖速度快,对番茄作物危害程度大,开展番茄潜叶蛾幼虫取食能力及生长发育的研究对其防治具有重要的指导意义.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oil crop with rich nutrients, and genetically engineered breeding has become an important way to improve its quality. In this study, five varieties of oilseed sunflower were analyzed for fatty acid (FA) content. The seed embryos of one of the high oleic acid (OA) varieties were transcriptome sequenced at different stages. The results showed that OA synthesis dominated the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis pathways in seed embryos. Substantially differentially expressed genes were detected at various post-flowering stages. Specifically, the up-regulated gene numbers were highest at 10 d after flowering, while most genes were down-regulated at 20 d after flowering. The enriched genes were rather consistent with almost all experimental groups exhibiting enrichment to the FAD2 gene. The expression of FAD2 was highly negatively correlated with the expressions of FAD6, FAD3, and FAD7. During seed embryo development, the expression level of FAD2 was highly negatively correlated with the final OA content and was highly positively correlated with the final linoleic acid (LA) content. This suggests that the FAD2 is a key enzyme catalyzing the OA to LA conversion.

韭菜在我国种植区域广泛,而韭蛆是危害韭菜的重要害虫,严重影响韭菜的产量和品质,本文介绍了韭蛆的形态特征、生活习性、危害特征及发生规律,并提出绿色防控技术,该技术以农业防治、物理防治、生物防治为主,化学防治为辅,生产中可有效控制韭蛆危害,减少化学农药使用量,保障农产品质量安全.

[目的]研究高温闷棚对蔬菜根结线虫和根际土壤微生物群落的影响.[方法]采用田间小区试验和高通量测序技术方法.[结果]高温闷棚后,灌水+覆膜处理和灌水+覆膜+药剂处理10 cm深土壤温度在60℃以上,持续时间50 min,根结线虫虫口减退率为100％,显著高于灌水未覆膜处理.高温增加了真菌和细菌物种丰度和多样性,但灌水+覆膜+阿维菌素处理的真菌物种丰度和多样性下降.生菜采收期,真菌物种丰度增加,多样性下降,细菌物种丰度和多样性均增加.高温促进了链格孢属、枝孢属真菌和uncultured_bac-terium_c_S0134_terrestrial_group细菌繁殖,抑制了鞘氨醇单胞菌属繁殖.[结论]灌水+覆膜的闷棚方式可有效防治根结线虫且可影响土壤中微生物群落结构,下茬生菜生长期,土壤中微生物群落逐步恢复,该闷棚方式适宜在新疆温室蔬菜应用.

[目的]研究新疆加工番茄田土壤中获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌JTB8-2对加工番茄促生作用和安全性.[方法]采用种子催芽、穴盘育苗和盆栽试验方法.[结果]贝莱斯芽孢杆菌JTB8-2菌株发酵菌液25、50和100倍稀释液处理的加工番茄植株株高、茎粗、茎鲜重和根鲜重均显著高于空白对照;菌株JTB8-2发酵液25倍液、50倍液和100倍液处理的番茄植株茎鲜重显著高于NB培养基25倍液、50倍液、100倍液和空白对照;菌株JTB8-2菌株发酵液原液对20种作物种子萌发和芽生长具有抑制作用,25倍及以上稀释液对作物种子萌发和芽生长无影响.[结论]贝莱斯芽孢杆菌JTB8-2菌株发酵液能够促进番茄植株生长,其发酵液原液不宜做作物浸种处理,发酵液25倍及以上稀释液可以浸种.

[目的]研究解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1619对加工番茄幼苗促生和苗期病害防控的综合作用,为培育壮苗,提供绿色的管理技术.[方法]采用室内穴盘育苗试验,分别用基质拌药和苗期喷雾法,研究解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对加工番茄幼苗生长的促进作用,以及对苗期病害的预防作用,研究其促生和防病的效果.[结果]各处理的出苗率达到稳定状态,呈现出现先抑制后促进的生长态势.1:150出苗率最好、1:100次之,1:200出苗率较差,拌土法比喷雾法对番茄株高的促生作用更强.以1:150拌土对番茄茎粗的促进作用最强.不同拌土量处理的叶绿素含量与对照之间具有极显著性差异,叶绿素含量比对照增加7.68％ ～10.20％,拌土法对幼苗猝倒病具有较强的预防作用,1:150和1:200拌土发病率只有0.00～0.08％.[结论]解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619能够改善加工番茄育苗穴盘的土壤生态环境,施用后土壤蓬松,对番茄根系和幼苗的生物量比对照有显著性增加;叶片颜色较深,叶绿素含量增加.能够提高番茄免疫力,增强抗病性,对加工番茄幼苗猝倒病具有较强的预防作用.

为筛选对瓜列当具有良好防治效果的生防真菌,本研究从新疆加工番茄田自然发病的瓜列当茎基部分离病原真菌,采用盆栽瓜列当接种无菌发酵滤液原液,筛选对瓜列当具有强致病性的菌株;采用共培养法测定菌株不同浓度无菌发酵滤液及其发酵产物萃取物对瓜列当种子萌发的影响;利用形态学特征和分子生物学方法对其进行种类鉴定.结果表明:盆栽瓜列当接种无菌发酵滤液原液可使瓜列当植株伤口变褐,严重的可造成整株萎蔫死亡;菌株JTF001发酵原液对瓜列当种子萌发抑制率可达100％,25倍、50倍稀释液抑制率分别为92.88％和87.62％;浓度为5 μg/mL和1 μg/mL JTF001发酵产物对瓜列当种子萌发抑制率均达100％;浓度为0.5、0.25 μg/mL和0.1μg/mL的JTF001发酵产物对瓜列当种子萌发的抑制率分别为91.03％、81.87％和60.04％;结合形态学和基于rpb2、tef 1和gapdh基因序列分析,将菌株JTF001鉴定为交链格孢Alternaria alternata.上述结果表明菌株JTF001有作为开发防治瓜列当生物农药的潜力.

Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) is a parasitic plants that cause significant losses to important crops. The effective methods for controlling this weed are rare. Biological control could be one of the possible strategies to tackle these weeds efficiently. In this work, a bacteria strain Bacillus velezensis JTB8-2 was proven to possesse biological control functions against broomrapes in both pot and field experiments. Four secondary metabolites (1-4) were isolated from the B. velezensis JTB8-2 crude extracts, and all of them could inhibit the germination of O. aegyptiaca seeds at concentrations from 0.5 mM to 4 mM. Their structures were further elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis. Among the isolated compounds, 1 and 2 exhibited the strongest herbicidal activity with 100% inhibition rate against the germination of O. aegyptiaca seeds at 4 mM, and thus had great potential in the development of new herbicidal products to control O. aegyptiaca in the future.

[目的]研究5种植物免疫诱导剂对黄瓜光合生理变化和抗病性的影响,为植物免疫诱导剂在黄瓜上应用提供科学依据.[方法]采用盆栽试验,测定5种植物免疫诱导剂对黄瓜光合生理变化、抗病性和防御酶活性的影响.[结果]那氏齐齐发诱导剂可提高叶绿素含量、促进黄瓜植株花期提前,产量相比对照提高3.5倍;植物免疫诱抗蛋白提高黄瓜植株光合性能,防治黄瓜白粉病效果达99.07％;蛋白免疫制剂提高了POD和CAT活性,是CK值的1.8和2.5倍,对黄瓜白粉病的防效为70.68％.[结论]植物免疫诱抗蛋白和那氏齐齐发诱导剂可显著促进黄瓜增产且可提高黄瓜植株对白粉病抗病性,适宜在黄瓜生产中应用.

蒲公英营养成分丰富,既可食用,又可入药.其适应性强,对土质要求不高,在山野、坡地、路旁均能生长.本文从土壤条件、保苗密度、水肥管理、农艺措施、病虫害防治等方面总结了布尔津县露地种植蒲公英有机栽培技术,以期为露地蒲公英人工栽培提供技术参考.

为了解蜜蜂在诱导剂作用下对食葵花盘的访花规律,研究其在食葵上授粉的效果,为进一步提高食葵花粉的结实率和产量,特开展此项食葵诱导剂授粉技术研究与分析.在食用向日葵花期,采取喷洒“保丽蕊(A)、蜂为媒(B)和招蜂引蝶授粉精华液(C)”这3种蜜蜂诱导剂,调查食葵花期蜜蜂访花数量、时间、频率及作物最终产量.试验结果表明,在食葵花期,三组蜜蜂诱导剂处理组的访花蜜蜂数量、频率及产量都高于对照组(P＜0.05),但三组诱导剂之间的数据对比没有显著差异(P＞0.05).可见三组诱导剂都可以增加访花蜜蜂数量和访花频率,提高食葵的结实率.通过开展食用向日葵蜜蜂诱导剂和无诱导剂蜜蜂授粉的对比试验,结果表明,三组蜜蜂诱导剂授粉区食用向日葵结实率比无诱导剂食葵区提高8.11％～11.2％,增产8.3％～10.4％,每亩纯增收益202.4～295.2元,蜜蜂诱导剂授粉对食用向日葵具有显著的增产作用.

为了筛选适宜新疆本地田间土壤环境且对瓜列当具有生防潜力的微生物,本研究采集加工番茄田罹病瓜列当根际土壤,分别采用稀释涂布平板法分离和滤纸平板法筛选到一株瓜列当生防菌JTB8-2,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。菌株JTB8-2发酵液25、50、100、250和500倍液对瓜列当种子萌发校正抑制率分别为100%、100%、93.60%、43%和32.59%,其250和500倍液对瓜列当种子萌发校正抑制率显著高于其他菌株;浓度为1和0.5μg/mL菌株发酵液粗提物对瓜列当种子萌发抑制率分别为100%和53.25%;浇灌浓度约5×10~5 cfu/mL菌株发酵液对瓜列当防治效果为66.51%。该菌株具有防治瓜列当的潜力,可以作为新疆本地瓜列当防治生防菌资源。

阿勒泰地区位于新疆北部,农业种质资源较为丰富和独特,农作物种植面积在2 250万亩左右,每年4～9月是本地区农作物的生长期.全年日照时数1 380～1 940小时,≥10℃积温2 000～3 300℃,无霜期110～183天,无沙尘暴,光照质量好,光照强度高,昼夜温差在13～22℃,有利于农作物光合作用和养分的积累,独特的气候资源非常适宜花芸豆的生产.近年来,花芸豆已成为阿勒泰地区的特色农产品,种植规模居新疆之首,产品主要用于出口,受到日本、东南亚、加拿大等地客户的欢迎,花芸豆产业已成为阿勒泰地区农牧民增收致富的重要产业.

雪菊又称双色金鸡菊,现在在我国西部地区广泛种植.由于其生长环境污染少,海拔高,富含多种对人体有益成分,已逐渐作为茶饮被普及推广.目前,新疆山区各地都有人工种植,并进行药用价值开发.雪菊花市场价格差异较大,这与种植环境、采摘时间有着极大的关系,种植环境决定了雪菊的微量元素积累量,但由于特殊的生长环境是有限的,如目前大多数雪菊都种植在平原地区,雪菊的口味和营养积累都无法与高山雪菊相比,市场价格都比较低.本文通过对雪菊生长环境、有机种植技术进行阐述,为阿勒泰地区种植平原雪菊提供技术支持.