蓝色贸易壁垒作为一种非关税贸易壁垒，给发展中国家劳动密集型产品出口带来一定负面影响。以博弈论为基础，分析了蓝色贸易壁垒产生的动因机制、运行机制和解决机制。通过分析国家之间博弈模型得出结论：发达国家比发展中国家更具有设置蓝色贸易壁垒的意愿和优势；贸易报复能力越低的国家越有可能遭受蓝色贸易壁垒的限制；发展中国家是否应对贸易壁垒取决于他们在国际市场上所占的份额。提出发展中国家应联手应对发达国家的贸易歧视，增强共同的贸易反制能力，以此减少发达国家对其设置贸易壁垒的可能性。

China′s marine economy,with its huge developing potentials,has witnessed great suc-cess under the support of national policy since the beginning of 21 st century and has played an es-sential role to national economy growth.We should not only focus on the increase of"quantity", but also the improvement of"quality",or the total factor productivity (TFP)of marine economy. Therefore a study on the marine economy TFP will be of significant value to China′s marine eco-nomic development.This paper focused on the factors affecting the marine economy TFP under the environmental constraints and the measures to increase the marine economy TFP,by the con-struction of a composite index of the coastal marine environment and the environmental factors in-tegrated into the framework of marine economy TFP calculation.

我国是一个水资源贫乏的国家,发展海水利用产业,对缓解我国沿海缺水地区和海岛水资源短缺状况,优化用水结构,保障水资源可持续利用具有重要意义,也有利于培育形成新的经济增长点.从产业发展总体状况、区域发展情况、技术发展情况三个方面介绍了我国海水利用业发展的现状;进一步分析了产业在市场前景、政策环境、生产规模、技术成熟度方面的特点;进而指出了产业在配套政策、生产成本、市场需求、自主创新能力方面的问题;最后从六个方面给出了发展的对策建议.