This study aims to evaluate the in vivo function of Fusarium oxysporum in Glycyrrhiza uralensis by salt tolerance,indoleacetic acid(IAA)production capacity,phosphate-dissolving capacity,and iron carrier production capacity.The stable genetic transformation system of the F.oxysporum was established by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation(ATMT)technology,and the stability and staining efficiency of transformants were detected by the cloning of the marker gene green fluorescent protein(GFP)and the efficiency of β-glucuronidase staining(GUS).Efficient and stable transformants were selected for restaining G.uralensis and evaluating its influence on the growth of the G.uralensis seedlings.The results show that F.oxysporum has good salt tolerance and could still grow on potato glucose agar(PDA)medium containing 7% sodium chloride,but the growth rate slows down with the increase in sodium chloride content in PDA medium.F.oxysporum has the function of producing indoleacetic acid,and the concentration of IAA in its fermentation broth is about 3.32 mg·mL-1.In this study,the genetic transformation system of F.oxysporum is successfully constructed,and the ATMT system is efficient and stable.One transformant with both high staining efficiency and genetic stability is selected,and the restaining rate of the transformant in G.uralensis is 76.92%,which could significantly improve the main root length of one-month-old G.uralensis seedlings and promote the growth and development of G.uralensis seedlings.The results of this study can lay the foundation for the development of biological bacterial fertilizer and the growth regulation of high-quality G.uralensis.

Coix seed is a good product for both medicinal and food use, which is highly susceptible to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination during field transport, storage, and processing. The aim of this study is to find microbial strains that can solve the problem of contamination of coix seed. In this study, the AFB1-degrading microorganism SX1-1 was isolated and identified as a Bacillus megaterium based on morphology, microscopy, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimum culture conditions for SX1-1 to degrade AFB1 were determined to be 12 h. The optimum degradation conditions were 72 h, 57°C, and an initial pH of 8.0. The highest degradation of AFB1 was observed in the fermentation supernatant of the SX1-1 strain, with a degradation rate of 97.45%. In addition, whole-genome sequencing analysis of this strain revealed the presence of a number of enzymes that could potentially degrade AFB1. Importantly, SX1-1 was able to degrade AFB1-contaminated coix seed in situ by 50.06% after co-culture. In conclusion, this strain had a high AFB1 degradation ability, and has great potential and great application as a biocontrol agent for AFB1 degradation of coix seed.

IntroductionScutellaria baicalensis is rich in bioactive flavonoid, which are widely used in clinical therapy. Many environmental factors, such as water and temperature, affect gene expression and secondary metabolites accumulation in plants.MethodsIn this study, to explore the effect of drought stress on the accumulation of flavonoids and gene expression in S. baicalensis seedlings, 4-week-old Scutellaria baicalensis seedlings were treated with different concentrations of PEG6000 to simulate drought stress. The contents of four root-specific flavones (baicalein, wogonin, baicalin, and wogonoside) in samples under different treatments were quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes (PAL1, PAL2, CHS, and UBGAT) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Also, a correlation analysis between flavonoid contents and gene expression levels was made.ResultsThe HPLC results revealed that 5 and 10% PEG6000 treatments significantly increased the content of four flavonoids, with 5% PEG 6000 treatment being the most beneficial to the flavonoids accumulation. The qRT-PCR results showed that PAL2 and CHS gene expressions differed significantly in different organs, while PAL1 and UBGAT had poor organ-specific. For genes in roots, the expression of PAL1 and UBGAT was the highest in 5% PEG6000 treatment, and PAL2 and CHS were the highest in 10% PEG6000 treatment. Compared with other concentrations of PEG6000, 5 and 10% PEG6000 were more advantageous for gene expression. Collectively, PEG6000 at a low concentration promoted the accumulation of flavonoids and the expression of related genes. Additionally, the correlation results demonstrated that PAL1, PAL2, CHS, and UBGAT genes in roots stimulated the formation and accumulation of the four flavonoids to varying degrees, while the exception of PAL2 gene expression in roots was negatively correlated with wogonin content.DiscussionThis study for the first time investigated the effect of drought stress on the downstream gene UBGAT in S.baicalensis seedlings as well as the correlation between gene expression and flavonoid content in S. baicalensis seedlings under drought stress, providing a new sight for studying the effects of drought stress on flavonoid accumulation and related gene expression in S. baicalensis.

Corn silk is commonly consumed in teas, food ingredients, and herbal medicines. Several varieties of corn silk are grown in different habitats in China. However, as information regarding their phytochemistry and genetic diversity is limited, their medicinal potential has not been utilized thoroughly. Thus, we aimed to use a combination of DNA barcoding based on specific primer ITSC sequences and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS) approach for identifying and evaluating corn silk. ITSC barcoding helped us to identify that 52 samples could be classified into 7 groups of corn silk varieties, but the widely used nrITS and psbA-trnH barcodes failed to identify these varieties. UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS was used to study the components in alcohol extracts derived from different corn silk varieties, and the detected chemical components were analyzed via bioinformatics techniques. We proposed 199 components using untargeted UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS-based metabolomics analysis and identified 67 components. PCA and OPLS-DA analysis revealed two distinct chemotypes by selecting 27 components that could act as difference indicators. KEGG analysis showed that the 199 components were enriched in 12 metabolic pathways. The results showed that corn silk is rich in many types of chemicals and DNA barcoding is better than UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS in distinguishing the differences between different varieties of corn silk. Our findings provide new insights into the chemical and molecular characteristics of different varieties of corn silk, which play a crucial role in the utilization of corn silk resources.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is widely used for treating coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure (CHD-HF). However, the exact mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY:To assess the clinical effectiveness and potential pharmacological mechanisms of CHM for treating CHD-HF. METHODS:Eight databases were retrieved for Randomized Controlled Trials of CHM for CHD-HF published from their inception to March 2023. Quality assessment of include studies was performed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias. Meta-analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of CHM for CHD-HF, and then core drugs and active ingredients were selected by data mining and network pharmacology. Finally, cluster and enrichment analysis were adopted to explore the potential targets and signaling pathways. RESULTS:A total of 52 studies enrolling 5216 patients were included. Meta-analysis revealed that CHM treatment groups significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-min walk test (6-MWT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) than control groups: [LVEF: SMD = 0.7, 95%CI (0.54, 0.87), p < 0.00001, I2 = 80%; 6-MWT: SMD = 0.72, 95%CI (0.58, 0.86), p < 0.0001, I2 = 67%; LVEDD: SMD = -0.79, 95%CI (-0.89, -0.69), p < 0.0001, I2 = 49%; LVESD: SMD = -0.6 (-0.74, -0.46), p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%]. The results of various biological information analysis showed the internal relationship between prescriptions, core drugs, active ingredients and therapeutic targets. Twelve core herbs with the most commonly use and high correlation were selected from 110 CHMs of 52 prescriptions for CHD-HF treatment, and further 65 effective components were screened out according to the most strength value, which were divided into 12 compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and alkaloids and etc. At the same time, 67 therapeutic targets of active ingredients in CHD-HF were filtrated. On these bases, cluster and enrichment analysis of the components and targets were used to explore relevant pharmacological mechanisms, mainly including anti-myocardial cell damage, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis, regulation of oxidative stress, anticoagulation and angiogenesis, and improvement of glucose and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION:CHM are effective in treating CHD-HF compared with conventional treatment. Some of the included studies have high risks in the implementation of blinding, so more high-quality studies are needed. The active ingredients of CHM could protect the myocardium and improve pathological environment of CHD-HF in various ways. And CHM has the advantage of multi-component and multi-target treatment for complex diseases.

分别对3个不同版本《分子生药学》教材的整体结构内容和章节进行分析,通过总结其各自的优势,提出要结合各个版本教材的亮点,进一步增强将来新版本《分子生药学》教材的完整性、创新性和趣味性,以期为《分子生药学》教材内容的体系建设与发展提供依据.

中药鉴定学是中药学专业学生的大学必修课程,也是执业中药师考试的内容之一[1].本课程以中医药理论为基础,主要研究目标为考证和整理中药品种、鉴定和研究中药品种与质量、建立和完善中药质量标准以及寻找和扩大新药源[2,3].

目的 以北京中医药大学中药学院为例,调查及评价中药饮片等级考试学生满意度,以期建立更完善的考试制度.方法 采用电子问卷调查法,面向北京中医药大学中药学院在校学生发放调查问卷,于2020年11月30日至12月2日对中药饮片等级考试满意度进行调查.结果 本调查共发放问卷605份,回收有效问卷371份,有效回收率为61.32％.中药饮片等级考试总体满意度为65.23％,其中91.64％的学生认为等级考试有利于学习中药学及中药鉴定学知识,对临床实习、期末考试、日常生活等均有一定帮助.学生对考试时间的满意度较低,49.33％的学生认为考试时间太短.学生对考试内容满意度较高,66.31％的学生认为考试范围内的中药饮片数量适中.学生对考试制度满意度较高,但是62.53％的学生认为每个学期考试次数较少.超过半数的学生对考试通过率较为满意.结论 中药饮片等级考试满意度有待进一步提高,建议学院增加考试次数,实行标本馆预约制度,依据临床常用性进行分组考试等来提高学生的满意度.

目的:通过以学生为中心的教学方法的实施,激发学生学习的积极性和主动性,提高药用植物学课堂教学效果,培养学生的自主学习能力、分析解决问题的能力和表达能力.方法:教师提前布置学习任务,即学生自主学习课本内容一提出问题一思考与讨论一深度掌握和扩充知识.课堂上学生汇报自学内容及发现的问题.学生讲解结束后,教师为学生答疑,并补充知识点.最后和学生一起总结本节课的重点、难点和相关知识的研究热点和研究现状.结果 与结论:该教学法有效调动了学生自主获得知识的积极性,提高了学生发现问题、解决问题的能力,取得了良好的教学效果.

西南边疆少数民族地区地理位置独特,贸易形式较内陆更为多样.边境贸易作为边疆地区的特色贸易形式,具有重要的研究意义.通过文献考察、实地调研、人物访谈等方法,发现云南省马关县边境都龙口岸集市进行物资集散、族群互动、边疆维稳等的传统功能正逐步扩大,并且正在进行现代化转型.分析总结边疆少数民族地区集市的现状、功能及其变迁规律,并为边境集市的现代转型提供建设性意见与建议,可为都龙口岸顺利进行现代化转型提供借鉴,同时对西南边疆少数民族地区集市的进一步研究提供参考.