目的:构建紧急医学救援人员岗位胜任力模型,为紧急医学救援队伍科学化建设提供参考.方法:根据胜任力模型,运用文献回顾和行为事件访谈、专家咨询的方法,搭建紧急医学救援人员岗位胜任力概念模型并编制调查问卷,采用基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型检验并开发紧急医学救援人员岗位胜任力模型.结果:模型相关指标的收敛效度(因子载荷>0.50,AVE>0.50,CR>0.70)、区分效度及高阶评估模型拟合度(GOF=0.77>0.36,R2>0.35)均在可接受范围内.结论:模型信效度、拟合度指标数据与模型拟合较好,岗位胜任力涵盖个人特质、价值观等4个维度,该模型可用于紧急医学救援人员的选拔、考核等工作中.

Objective To understand the ability and level of emergency rescue at general hospitals in Tianjin city. Methods Such actions as formulating plans and examination forms, establishing assessment indicators and evaluation criteria, and simulation exercises were performed to evaluate the capacity of 28 general hospitals in terms of their organizational structure, emergency response, event reporting, and summary assessment. ResuLts The emergency response assessment system consisted of 4 level-1 indicators, 19 level-2 indicators and 58 level-3 indicators. 28 hospitals were found high in their overall emergency response capacity, but some were found with setbacks. For example, the " organizational structure" scored the highest in 4 first-level indicators, up to 88.91% , while " incident report" scored the lowest, down to 67.99%. Among level-2 indicators, professional emergency professional procedures and initial reporting scored the lowest. ConcLusions In order to further improve the ability of medical institutions to respond to emergency events, the hospitals are recommended to enhance their backup resources for emergency response, their staff′s awareness of first aid knowledge and first aid skills, as well as their timeliness of initial reports and the completeness of progress reports.

Objective To learn the current capacity building of emergency response teams in Tianjin for the purpose of goals setting.Methods "Health Emergency Capacity Questionnaire" was issued to 89 secondary and above medical institutions and 19 CDCs in Tianjin.The form covered such items as basic institutional information, workforce makeup, emergency preparations, detection and early warning, emergency response, and summary/assessment.Data collected in the questionnaire were subject to descriptive and correlation analysis.Results Tianjin has scored an initial success in emergency medicine as evidenced in its emergency response mechanisms in place, elevated capacity in emergency medical rescue and disposal, and enhanced competence of emergency teams.Rooms of improvement however include insufficient professionalism and independence of health emergency, inadequate emergency commanding and decision making system functions, insufficient laboratory test capacity at district/county levels, and insufficient social involvement in health emergency.Conclusions Top-down design should be emphasized, health emergency response should be enhanced in terms of management and response planning system, while capacity building of the teams and long-term primary care emergency mechanism deserve higher attention.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:了解天津市医疗卫生机构突发公共卫生事件应对能力现状,提出加强医疗卫生机构卫生应急能力建设的对策建议。方法:以天津市108家医疗卫生机构作为研究对象,运用文献复习法和专家访谈法制定调查问卷,调查分析其突发公共卫生事件应急能力现状,提出相应的对策建议。结果:各医疗机构间应急能力发展较为均衡,但部分行政区卫生应急管理机构和组织网络尚不健全,对突发事件公共卫生风险预判能力不强;在应急培训与物资保障等方面仍存在不足;各医疗卫生机构实验室检测能力差别较大,开展病原微生物的检测种类及各类毒物的检测能力亟待提高。结论:应进一步推进卫生应急组织体系建设,建立中长期卫生应急规划,全面提升卫生应急能力建设水平。</span>

自从2003年“非典”以后,我国以科学发展观统领卫生应急体系建设全局,坚持以人为本和预防为主、常备不懈、实事求是的原则,围绕“一案三制”建设,努力推进各项工作深入开展,重点解决应对重大突发公共卫生事件的薄弱环节,努力提高应对突发公共卫生事件的能力,使卫生应急工作取得一定成效. 应急管理的“一案三制”体系,是具有中国特色的应急管理体系.其中,“一案”是指国家突发公共事件应急预案体系,“三制”是指应急管理体制、运行机制和法制.目前,各地行政部门纷纷在实践中不断探索和完善应急预案工作,逐步形成具有地方特色的应急预案体系.