郑品优9号是以半冬性优质强筋小麦品种郑麦366为母本,以春性优质强筋小麦品种豫麦34号为父本杂交,F0种子经60Co-γ射线(200GY)处理后采用系谱法选育而成的半冬性、矮秆、早熟、高产、优质强筋小麦新品种,2020年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定(国审麦20200080).重点介绍了郑品优9号的特征特性、产量表现及配套栽培技术,为该品种推广应用提供科学依据.
为明确优质强筋小麦新品种郑品优9号的分子遗传基础及重要性状功能基因组成,利用小麦50 K SNP育种芯片对郑品优9号及其双亲郑麦366和豫麦34进行分析.结果 表明,郑麦366和豫麦34对郑品优9号的遗传贡献率分别为68.26%和31.74%;在不同基因组和染色体水平,双亲对郑品优9号的遗传贡献率差异较大,郑麦366对郑品优9号A、B、D三个基因组的贡献率分别为68.60%、90.98%和27.63%,其中,郑麦366在B基因组染色体上的遗传贡献率均高于豫麦34,除1B染色体外,2B~7B染色体上的遗传贡献率均超过80%.重要性状功能基因组成分析发现,郑品优9号不仅聚合了多个优良品质基因,还携带有与抗病性和农艺性状相关的优异基因.本研究可为郑品优9号在遗传改良和生产中的应用提供理论依据.
利用小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)50K SNP育种芯片,对2018年通过河南省审定的小麦品种郑品麦24号及其父母本进行分子标记检测,明确该品种遗传构成、重要性状功能基因组成,为其遗传改良和生产应用提供参考.结果表明,郑品麦24号82.40%的遗传物质来源于父本豫同194,遗传相似系数为0.907,它们之间遗传相似度更高;在染色体水平,双亲对郑品麦24号的遗传贡献率差异较大,在2A(56.10%)和3D(70.98%)染色体上母本豫麦34-6对郑品麦24号的遗传贡献率大于豫同194,豫同194在其他染色体上对郑品麦24的遗传贡献率更高,表明在郑品麦24号选育过程中受人工选择的影响亲本遗传物质发生了严重偏分离.重要性状功能基因组成分析发现,郑品麦24号携带有应用广泛的矮秆(Reduced height)基因Rht-D1b,聚合了 9个高粒质量等位基因[谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthetase)基因 TaGS5-A1b、TaGS2B1-Hap-H、TaGS-D1a,粒质量(Grain weight)基因 GW2-6B-Hap-1,千粒质量(Thousand grain weight)基因TaTGW6-A1a、TaTGW-7Aa,蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthetase)基因 TaSus1-7B-Hap-T、TaSus2-2A-Hap-A、TaSus2-2B-Hap-H],含有冬性春化(Vernalization)等位基因 Vrn-A1b、 vrn-B1、VrnD3-2174,晚花型等位基因 TaELF3-B1(Early flowering 3 B1)Cadenza 类型、TaELF3-D1Wild类型,光周期(Photoperiod)敏感等位基因 Ppd-A1 Wild 类型、TaPpdDD002 Wild 类型、TaPpdDI001 Insertion类型,抗叶锈病(Leaf rust)基因Lr67,抗秆锈病(Stem rust)基因Sr2、Sr25,抗旱等位基因TaDREB-B1a(Dehydration responsive element binding protein B1a)和低穗发芽等位基因 TaSdr-A1a(Seed dormancy A1a).
郑品麦22号是以半冬性、中晚熟、高产、抗病小麦品种开麦18为母本,以高产广适小麦品种矮抗58的矮秆、大穗、早熟突变体豫同198为父本进行有性杂交,通过系谱法选育而成的半冬性、矮秆抗倒、高产稳产、抗病、中早熟小麦新品种,2019年通过国审.笔者重点介绍了郑品麦22号的选育经过、特征特性及配套高产栽培技术要点.
Zhengpinmai No.8 was bred by Isotope Institute Co.,Ltd.,Henan Academy of Sciences and Henan Jingyuan Seeds Co.,Ltd.,through radiation induced mutation and traditional hybrid technology.Zhengpinmai No.8 was certificated with good quality,high-yield,stable yield and good resistance.The variety was made by F1(parental combination Aikang 58/Zhoumai 18) seed mutagenesis and system selection,and released by the National Committee for Examination and Approval of Crop Varieties in 2016.In 2012-2014,the average yield of Huang-Huai winter group southern winter wheat region regional tests was 7 994.3 kg/ha,4.05% higher than that of CK(Zhoumai 18).The average yield of production test reached 8 370.0 kg/ha,which increased by 5.71% compared with CK(Zhoumai 18) in 2014-2015.The results of quality analysis for two years were protein contents of 15.13% and 14.32%,wet gluten contents of 32.0% and 30.2%,sedimentation value of 37.2 mL and 28.1 mL,stable time of 8.0 min and 7.9 min,the main quality indicators had reached the national secondary standard of strong gluten wheat.Disease resistance identification results showed that the variety was nearly immune to stripe rust,but highly susceptible to leaf rust,powdery mildew,scab and sheath blight.The breeding success of Zhengpinmai No.8 showed organic combination of traditional hybrid technology and radiation induced mutation method was an effective way to speed up the breeding of new wheat varieties.
为充分发挥小麦品种豫农015的高产潜力,结合豫农015的特征特性,提出平衡施肥、适时播种、综合防治病虫害等栽培技术措施。
介绍了小麦品种豫农012(矮优系)的特征特性及6大优势,并提出土壤处理、适时早播、"氮肥后移"、病虫防治等主要栽培技术。