The teaching and Research Section introduced the situation of the coating industry, market analysis and hot issues in the forefront of the coating industry in the chapter of fine chemicals chemistry course. In the teaching process, the basic knowledge learned by the original students was integrated into the coating course, and the coating experiment was also set up in the course of experimental courses. The above measures effectively stimulate students’ interest in learning, realize the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge, deepen students’ understanding of coatings. The above methods not only build students’ applied chemistry knowledge system, but also cultivate students’ interest.

以绿豆品种绿丰2号和绿丰5号为材料,研究了P0(无磷)、P1(磷酸二铵,225 kg/hm2)、P2(双活力二铵,225 kg/hm2)和P3(1/2双活力二铵,112.5 kg/hm2)4种磷水平对绿豆植株干质量、根系形态、光合生理特性及产量的影响,为改良磷肥双活力二铵(主要成分为磷酸二铵+木质素等辅剂)在绿豆生产上的应用提供理论依据.结果表明,与P0和P1处理相比,P2和P3处理均明显增加V3—R6期绿豆植株的干质量,且均以R6期P3处理干质量最大,其中绿丰2号地上部干质量较P0和P1处理分别显著增加57.55％和34.31％,根系干质量分别显著增加19.63％和11.84％;绿丰5号地上部干质量分别显著增加30.29％和21.62％,根系干质量分别显著增加36.66％和34.56％.与P0和P1处理相比,P2和P3处理均显著增加两品种R4期总根长、总根表面积,明显增加V5期平均根系直径和R4期总根体积,显著增强R6期绿丰2号和绿丰5号净光合速率;P2和P3处理均明显增加R4期和明显降低R6期绿丰2号植株的可溶性蛋白含量,明显增加R4期绿丰5号叶片可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低生育后期(R2、R6期)绿丰5号叶片和根系的酸性磷酸酶活性.与P0和P1处理相比,P2和P3处理可明显增加绿丰2号茎粗和绿丰5号株高,明显增加两品种单株粒数、百粒质量和单株粒质量,其中绿丰2号P3处理单株粒数、百粒质量和单株粒质量分别较P0和P1处理增加14.85％和48.28％、15.41％和13.26％、16.94％和44.16％;绿丰5号P3处理则分别较P0和P1处理增加46.51％和11.35％、3.34％和8.70％、51.20％和28.20％.可见,改良磷肥双活力二铵能够有效促进绿豆植株的生长,通过增加可溶性蛋白含量提高植株抗逆性,提高光合能力促进植株后期同化物的积累,最终达到增产目的.

The effects of methyl 1-(3, 3-dimenthyl-2-oxobutyl)-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxylate (CGR(3)) and 1-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl)-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid (CGR(3-1)), as two new plant growth regulators, on photosynthetic characteristics and mung bean yield were investigated in this study. Both regulators improved the net photosynthetic rate (P N ), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (E); CGR(3-1) had a larger impact than CGR(3). In terms of photosynthetic efficiency, CGR(3-1) showed higher effectiveness. Considering photosynthetic pigments, the two regulators enhanced the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoid. The application of CGR(3-1) (CGR(3)) significantly increased (decreased) the contents of soluble sugar and starch. The results indicated that CGR(3-1) was more effective in improving the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of mung bean and can be a widely adopted strategy for producers.

为促进磷肥推广应用及提高大豆产量,以黑河43为试验材料,于2017年在黑龙江省九三管理局鹤山农场试验基地进行施磷对大豆农艺性状、光合特性及产量影响的研究.结果表明:鼓粒期D1[富硫磷二铵(581.56 g·m-2)+尿素(78.17 g·m-2)+氯化钾(225.11 g·m-2),总养分(N+P2 O5)≥54.0％ 、14％-40％-0％,其中,总S≥10％]和D2[硝基黄腐酸二铵(553.86 g·m-2)+尿素(75.75 g·m-2)+氯化钾(225.11 g·m-2),总养分(N+P2 O5)≥57.0％ 、15％-42％-0％,其中,黄腐酸≥2％]处理的大豆株高、茎粗、地上部单株干物质积累量均高于CK,其中以D2处理较好.在鼓粒期,D2处理的大豆叶片SPAD值、净光合速率和气孔导度均显著高于CK.在鼓粒期,D2处理通过提高大豆叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率,调控了大豆叶片同化物质的积累,从而提高了大豆产量.

We synthesized nine novel triazole-compounds and investigated their plant growth regulatory activity. Compound CGR3, with methoxyacyl on 3-position of triazole ring, showed better activity, promoting root length not only for mungbean, but also for wheat. Additionally, CGR3 changed the level of endogenous hormones in mungbean roots, the most obvious effect was the increase of IAA, being 4.9 times greater than that of the control at the 96th hour after treatment. Among the synthesized new 1,2,4-triazol derivatives, CGR3 could be applied as a new agrochemical, functioning as a root growth stimulant, which promotes primary root length, influences the levels of endogenous hormones(IAA, ABA and GA3) to play an important role in controlling the primary root development.

为明确新型植物生长调节剂CGR3-1对绿豆生长的影响,以绿豆品种绿丰2号和绿丰5号为材料,对比研究了三节期(V3)和始花期(R1)喷施100 mg/L植物生长调节剂CGR3-1[1-(3,3-二甲基-2-氧代丁基)-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-羧酸]对绿豆叶片光合气体交换参数、碳同化产物、产量及籽粒脂肪酸组成的影响.结果表明,V3期喷施CGR3-1对鼓粒盛期绿豆叶片光合气体交换参数无明显影响,R1期喷施则使鼓粒盛期绿丰2号叶片净光合速率较蒸馏水处理(CK)显著降低27.10％.光合碳同化产物结果表明,V3期喷施CGR3-1使绿丰2号始花期叶片蔗糖、淀粉含量分别较CK显著增加54.68％、62.10％,使绿丰5号鼓粒盛期叶片蔗糖含量显著降低,淀粉含量极显著提高;R1期喷施CGR3-1对鼓粒盛期绿豆叶片蔗糖含量无显著影响,但使绿丰2号和绿丰5号叶片淀粉含量分别较CK极显著降低22.00％和15.53％.V3期喷施CGR3-1降低籽粒百粒质量,而R1期喷施则增加百粒质量.V3期喷施CGR3-1提高了绿豆单株荚数、单株粒数,从而提高绿豆产量.喷施CGR3-1改变了绿豆籽粒的脂肪酸组成,V3期喷施CGR3-1有利于亚油酸含量的提高.整体而言,V3期喷施植物生长调节剂CGR3-1可有效提高绿豆单株产量,改善品质.

为研究生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对大豆叶面肥喷施效果的影响,以合丰50大豆品种为材料,通过盆栽试验,进行叶面喷施,分别测定叶面喷施后1,3,5,7,9d大豆叶片中Cu2+、Zn2、Fe2+、Mn2+、叶绿素含量及整株生物量干重.结果表明:与CK(喷施清水)及叶面肥(30 mg·L-1)处理相比,添加鼠李糖脂(250 mg·L-1)的叶面肥(30 mg·L-1)处理明显促进了大豆植株整株生物量的增加且在处理后期显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量;在处理后的1～5d内显著提高大豆叶片对Cu2+和Zn2+离子的吸收水平、1～6d显著提高大豆叶片对Fe2+离子的吸收水平、1～7d内显著提高大豆叶片对Mn2+离子的吸收水平.说明,生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对大豆叶面肥喷施具有明显的调控作用.

为明确两种新型植物生长调节剂对大豆生长的影响,促进新型调节剂的实际应用,以大豆合丰50为试验材料,在大田栽培条件下,研究不同浓度梯度的新型植物生长调节剂AP2和CGR3浸种对大豆光合生理特性及产量的调控效应.在大豆盛花期(R2)和盛荚期(R4)通过测定叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片胞间CO2浓度,分析了两种植物生长调节剂浸种对大豆光合特性及产量的调控效应.结果表明:两种植物生长调节剂在适宜的浓度下均可使大豆有不同程度的增产,其中100 mg·L-1AP2和50 mg·L-1CGR3浸种浓度处理使合丰50的产量较对照分别提高18.90％和11.30％.应用两种植物生长调节剂提高了大豆叶片SPAD值、净光合速率.由此,初步推断AP2和CGR3使大豆增产可能与调节剂对叶片光合生理的调控作用密切相关.

The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one (3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1- chloro-3,3-dimethyl- butan-2-one (1) and 1H-[1,2,4] triazol-3-ylamine (2) with equal amount of K2CO3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n with a = 5.7227(8), b = 27.924(4), c = 6.2282(7) angstrom, beta = 101.892(11)degrees, V = 973.9(2) angstrom(3), Z = 4, T = 180.00(10) K, mu(MoKa) = 0.087 mm(-1), Dc = 1.243 g/cm(3), 3832 reflections measured (3.648 <=theta <= 26.022 degrees), 1916 unique reflections (R-int = 0.0359, R-sigma = 0.0572) used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557 (I > 2 sigma(I)) and wR = 0.1276 (all data). Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L (50 ppm) in soybeen (He Feng-50). Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 mL of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent- free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.

The effects of foliar spraying uniconazole (S3307) and kinetin (KT) on carbon metabolism of maize leaves and yield were studied in order to provide theoretical foundation for maize production.In the filed experiment,using ‘Demeiya 1'and ‘Demeiya 2’ as test materials,S3307 and KT was sprayed at 7 leaves expansion stage,water was sprayed as control.The effects on the carbon metabolism of maize leaves and the yield were studied.The results showed that S3307 and KT increased panicle weight,grain weight,number of rows,kernels per row and single grain weight,and then raised the grain yield.The regulating effect of KT treatment on the yield of ‘ Demeiya 1’ was better than that of S3307 and the regulating effect of S3307 treatment on the yield of ‘ Demeiya 2’ was better than that of KT.After 21-30 days of spraying regulators,the two regulators decreased the starch content and starch amylase activity.The starch content and amylase activity of ‘Demeiya 1’ was decreased by the range of 0.16％-31.10％ and 7.58％-45.83％,respectively.The starch content and amylase activity of ‘Demeiya 2’ was decreased by the range of 2.68％-42.01％ and 3.97％-39.82％,respectively.After 21 days of spraying regulators,the order of sucrose and soluble sugar contents in leaves of the two varieties was KT＞S3307＞CK.Compared with the control,the sucrose and soluble sugar content of ‘Demeiya1’ increased by 84.64％,31.28％,67.38％ and 52.74％ by foliar spraying KT and S3307,respectively;the sucrose and soluble sugar content of‘Demeiya2’ increased by 14.21％,3.92％,49.34％ and 37.50％ by foliar spraying KT and S3307,respectively.S3307 and KT could significantly enhance physiological activities and delay the senescence of maize leaves during middle-late growth stages.Thereby,they were effective to increase the yield of maize.