本试验以努比亚黑山羊为研究对象,探讨不同剂量的中草药添加剂对其血清生化指标的影响.试验选择体重约20 kg的努比亚黑山羊80只,按照单因素试验设计将其均分4个处理组,每组20只努比亚黑山羊.对照组努比亚黑山羊饲喂基础饲料,试验组努比亚黑山羊依次饲喂含有1％、2％和4％中草药添加剂的基础饲料.试验周期为5周,包括1周预饲期,4周正式期.试验结束,检测各组努比亚黑山羊血清生化指标.结果表明,试验2组努比亚黑山羊血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量显著高于对照组(p＜0.05),试验2组努比亚黑山羊血清中尿素氮、甘油三酯、胆固醇含量均显著降低(p＜0.05),试验3组努比亚黑山羊血清中甘油三酯和胆固醇含量显著降低(p＜0.05).研究表明,在努比亚黑山羊生产中使用适量的中草药添加剂可以调节血脂,提高蛋白质代谢能力,且中草药添加剂的最适添加量为2％.

为了探究娟姗牛应激条件下肠道菌群结构的调控机制,本研究选择非应激期(JR1)和应激期(JR2)各6头牛作为实验组进行测定,2组间肠道微生物多样性采用微生物16S rRNA基因测序技术对差异微生物功能进行初步预测.结果显示:Alpha多样性对2组样品6种指数检测结果均明显降低(P>0.05),说明夏季高温高湿的环境对肠道微生物的丰富度无明显影响,但可降低其物种多样性.厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为门水平上的2个优势菌门,属水平上有瘤胃球菌属UCG-005、理研菌科-RC9菌属和瘤胃球菌属UCG-010为3个优势菌属.组间差异性分析得出,在属水平上JR2组粪便微生物中的Christensenellaceae R-7 group、Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group、Ruminococcus 2、普雷沃氏菌属Prevotellaceae UCG-004的丰度高于JR1组(P<0.05).代谢通路富集预测分析显示,主要参与氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、消化系统、内分泌系统、环境改变、能量代谢、代谢疾病、免疫系统等.采用STAMP差异分析比较2组样品之间功能的丰度,JR2组的消化系统丰度比例显著高于JR1组(P<0.05),说明应激对娟姗牛的消化系统影响较大.本研究结果得出的差异微生物可能作为娟姗牛应激条件下影响代谢调控的潜在微生物标记物,为广西等亚热带地区奶牛及肉牛肠道微生物菌群结构机制的阐明提供了数据基础,为下一步开发抗应激饲料、改善家畜肠道菌群结构、提高生产性能提供参考.

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to explore the pharmacological activity and overall mechanism of compound plant essential oils（oregano essential oil,cinnamaldehyde,Eucalyptus oil）based on network pharmacology．【Method】The targets of compound plant essential oils were screened using TCMSP database.The drug-ingredient-target network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1software,and PPI network was constructed by STRING and visualization.The targets were annotated by GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis through DAVID database.And AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking of selected active components and key targets．【Result】Compound plant essential oils acted on the key targets including interleukin 6（IL6）,prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2）,Tolllike receptors 4（TLR4）,transcription factor p65（RELA）,nitric-oxide synthase,endothelial（NOS3）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor（AHR）,cytochrome P450 1A1（CYP1A1）,NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha（NFKBIA）,gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor alpha-2subunit（GABRA2）and so on with 8active ingredients.The GO function enrichment analysis showed that 269items were obtained,181items were related to biological processes,involving adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway,regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential,etc.,59items related to cell components,involving integral component of plasma membrane,neuron projection,etc..29items related to molecular functions,involving neurotransmitter receptor activity,excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity,etc..KEGG pathway analysis showed that 72items related to signal pathways,and participated in the regulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,lipid and atherosclerosis,cGMP-PK signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,TLR signaling pathway,Th17cell differentiation,etc..It was also associated with alcoholic liver disease,Kaposi sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus infection and other diseases.The results of molecular docking showed that the core components such as eugenol,caryophyllene,thymol were closely bound to the key targets such as IL6and PTGS2,and had good affinity．【Conclusion】The compound plant essential oils might act on key targets such as eugenol,caryophyllene,thymol,D-limonene,cinnamaldehyde and other active ingredients,played an important role mainly through regulating of nerves and immune systems,anti-bacterial,antiinflammatory and anti-tumor signaling pathways acting on IL6,PTGS2,TLR4,RELA and other key targets.The compound plant essential oils had a multi-component,multi-target,multipathway action mechanism.

[目的]为了分析广西牛超数排卵技术实施现状,[方法]试验设计在广西宾阳、都安、大化、崇左等4个肉牛养殖场(4组)各选择16头西门塔尔成年母牛作为试验母牛,采用孕酮栓(GIOB)+促卵泡素(FSH)+氯前列烯醇(PGF2)的方法对试验母牛进行超数排卵,观测试验母牛获得总胚胎数、可用胚数、一级胚数,分析超数排卵效果.[结果]结果显示,超数排卵处理后,试验牛每头获胚胎3～14枚,平均(8.02±2.75)枚;每头获可用胚1～9枚,平均(4.64±1.84)枚;每头获一级胚0～3枚,平均(1.56±0.94)枚,总胚、可用胚、一级胚组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但是,都安组头均总胚、可用胚、一级胚比所有试验牛平均值分别提高5.99％,6.47％,16.03％.[结论]结果表明,广西规模化牛场实施超数排卵进展顺利,超数排卵效果良好,组间无显著差异(P>0.05),都安组在获得胚胎数量和质量方面最佳.

[目的]为了探讨广西高温高湿环境下生物垫床牛舍适合的养殖密度,给广大养殖户提供数据支撑.[方法]试验采用不同的生物菌种对不同的生物垫床的厚度进行筛选,得出最佳的生物垫床厚度.按照15 kg/m2,20 kg/m2,25 kg/m2,30 kg/m2,35 kg/m2饲养牛体重所占面积对相同面积的垫床饲养密度进行试验.[结果]研究结果表明,以10 cm生物垫床的厚度,养殖能吸纳牛粪尿,有效地减少粪尿的排放,20 kg/m2密度时后备牛对生物发酵垫床适应性好,与传统饲养方式相比,牛蹄病发生率降低了5.55％.[结论]适宜的生物垫床厚度和适宜的养殖密度不但节省了兽药的使用成本,而且还降低了劳动力成本,效果较好.

近几年来,随着人们生活品质的提高,对牛奶的需求越来越大,我国奶牛养殖业也得到快速发展.奶牛养殖场在不断扩大规模、增加产量的同时,也面临着许多生产上的问题.目前在奶牛养殖生产中,奶牛乳房炎发病率很高,其中出血性乳房炎占有很高比率.奶牛出血性乳房炎是临床上以乳汁呈现血样变化为特征的乳房炎,常见于高产奶牛,它严重影响奶牛生产性能、降低生产效益,同时还容易造成乳房坏死,对奶牛健康状况也会产生不良影响.可以说出血性乳房炎是奶牛养殖业风险很高、危害很大的疾病之一.

试验旨在测定广西本地鸡场所用饲料原料的有效能值,为本地鸡的饲养优化饲料配方及制定营养需要量标准提供依据.试验采用广西本地鸡品种霞烟公鸡开展鸡饲料原料有效能值测定,试验日粮由30％待测饲料+70％的基础日粮组成,选择90只霞烟成年公鸡随机分成6组(每组5个重复,每个重复3只鸡),分别饲喂基础日粮及玉米、豆粕、麦麸、米糠、菜粕等5种待测饲料的试验日粮.采用全收粪法结合套算法计算待测饲料原料的代谢能值.结果:玉米、豆粕、麦夫、米糠、菜粕的鸡代谢能值分别14.5712±0.2402MJ/kg、11.2446±0.4016MJ/kg、8.9733±0.7284MJ/kg、5.1396±0.3012MJ/kg、10.1397±0.4271MJ/kg.除麦麸代谢能值组内变异系数较大外,其余饲料的代谢能值重复性较好,试验数据值得今后工作的参考借鉴.