BackgroundThere are few studies on the diet quality of patients with thyroid cancer, and the relationship between diet quality and thyroid cancer remains uncertain.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the diet quality with the Chinese Health Diet Index (CHDI) and to explore the relationship between diet quality and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsA 1∶1 gender- and age-matched hospital-based case-control study included newly diagnosed PTC patients and matched controls from Shanghai Cancer Hospital and Renji Hospital (East) in Shanghai, China. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on general characteristics, history of diseases, dietary intakes, and lifestyles. Food intakes in the past one year were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, from which the CHDI score was calculated. The CHDI, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents, was employed to evaluate the diet quality of the two groups. A multiple conditional logistic regression model was conducted to explore the relationship between diet quality and PTC.ResultsA total of 350 pairs of cases and controls were recruited. The overall median CHDI score of the cases was lower than that of the controls (67.8 vs. 73.4, P<0.001). The cases had lower median scores of fruits (6.8 vs. 9.5), dairy products (3.6 vs. 5.6), and soybeans (4.6 vs. 5.5) than the controls (P<0.05); the cases had a higher median score of refined grains than the controls (5.0 vs. 4.9), and the percentage of the cases that met diet recommendations for refined grains was higher than the percentage of the controls (65.4% vs. 48.6%) (P<0.05); the cases showed lower median scores of whole grains/beans/tubers, total vegetables, dark vegetables, and fish/shrimps (0.9 vs. 1.4, 3.1 vs. 4.4, 3.6 vs. 5.0, and 3.3 vs. 4.0, respectively), and the percentages of the cases meeting their diet recommendations were lower than the percentages of the controls (6.3% vs. 8.6%, 32.6% vs. 42.0%, 38.6% vs. 50.6%, and 34.0% vs. 40.3%, respectively, P<0.05). The results of multiple conditional logistic regression analysis suggested that qualified and good diet quality were associated with a reduced the risk of PTC (qualified diet quality, OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.23−0.62; good diet quality, OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.10−0.36); the statistical significance remained after excluding patients who had a history of benign thyroid conditions (qualified diet quality, OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.15−0.52; good diet quality, OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.09−0.43).ConclusionThose with qualified or good diet quality have a lower risk of PTC. PTC patients have insufficient intakes of fruits, dairy, soybeans, whole grains/beans/tubers, vegetables, and fish/shrimps.

BackgroundThyroid carcinoma is a serious threat to human health in Shanghai and a focus of cancer prevention and treatment.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the relationship between foods rich in iodine and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)．MethodsIn a hospital-based case-control study matched by gender and age (±3 years old), 402 pairs of cases (new incidences) and controls were included and studied. A validated questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire survey was conducted face to face to obtain demographic characteristics and dietary intake. A multiple conditional logistic regression model was applied to explore the relationship between foods rich in iodine (including seaweeds, kelp, and dried shrimps) and PTC.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was (41.17±11.51) years in this study. Compared with the controls, more cases had a lower education and a manual occupation (P<0.05); more cases were overweight or obese, had a history of benign thyroid conditions, and had a family history of thyroid diseases (P<0.05); the two groups were different in the frequency of CT examination in the past ten years (P<0.05). The results of multiple conditional logistic regression analysis showed that consumption of iodine-rich foods was associated with a lower risk of PTC (for <1 time per week, OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.12−0.35; for 1−2 times per week, OR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.10−0.33; for ≥3 times per week, OR=0.13, 95%CI: 0.04−0.44) (P<0.05). Specifically, those who consumed seaweeds (for <1 time per week, OR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.11−0.30; for 1−2 times per week, OR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.05−0.23; for ≥3 times per week, OR=0.15, 95%CI: 0.03−0.75), kelp (for <1 time per week, OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.18−0.43; for ≤2 times per week, OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.11−0.50), and dried shrimps (for <1 time per week, OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.29−0.69; for ≤2 times per week: OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.18−0.65) had a lower risk of PTC (P<0.05). After excluding patients who had a history of benign thyroid conditions, the favorable association remained significant among patients who had consumption of iodine-rich foods, seaweeds, shrimps, and kelp (P<0.05).ConclusionLess PTC patients consume iodine-rich foods than the controls.

目的 掌握2016-2019年上海市松江区学龄儿童与孕妇的碘营养状况和变化趋势,为科学制定防治措施提供依据.方法 2016-2019年,采用分层随机抽样法,按上海市松江区地理区域划分,每年抽5个街镇,每街镇随机抽20例孕妇;每街镇随机抽1所学校,从学校随机抽40名8～10岁学生.对孕妇和儿童行盐碘、尿碘和甲状腺容积的检测.结果 共检1273份家庭食盐,合格碘盐食用率为71.64％,碘盐合格率为84.76％.4年间儿童和孕妇尿碘中位数各为208.00和150.10 μg/L,男童高于女童(223.50 vs 161.00μg/L),差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.179,P＜0.01).孕晚期尿碘水平低于孕早、中期,但不同孕期尿碘水平比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.741,P＞0.05).330名儿童进行甲状腺容积检测,肿大检出率为0.结论 儿童和孕妇的盐碘覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率均偏低,8～10岁儿童尿碘水平超适宜量,孕妇尿碘水平刚达适宜水平,但孕妇碘营养缺乏占比较大,应继续坚持全民食盐加碘政策,加强重点人群的宣教,合理科学食用碘盐,使儿童和孕妇盐碘量提高至较优水平.

目的 通过监测2017年上海市松江区8～10岁儿童与孕妇的盐碘和尿碘水平,了解该人群的碘营养状况,为科学制定预防措施提供依据.方法 按照《2017年上海市人群碘营养状况监测方案》要求,对上海市松江区进行片区划分,对5个街道(镇)的210名8～10岁儿童和15个街道(镇)的100名孕妇进行盐碘、尿碘和甲状腺肿大率的检测.结果 检测8～10岁儿童家庭食用盐210份,碘盐覆盖率为80.5％,合格碘盐食用率为67.6％,碘盐合格率为84.0％,非碘食盐率为19.5％;检测孕妇家庭食用盐100份,碘盐覆盖率为82.0％,合格碘盐食用率为68.0％,碘盐合格率为82.9％,非碘食盐率为18.0％.检测8～10岁儿童尿样210份,尿碘中位数为263.5 μg/L,尿碘含量＜50 μg/L的占1.90％,＜100μg/L的占10.00％,达到国家碘缺乏病消除标准,同时40.00％的儿童尿碘含量＞300μ g/L;检测孕妇尿样100份,尿碘中位数为142.0 μg/L.8～ 10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.结论 儿童和孕妇的盐碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率都处于偏低水平,均未达到碘缺乏病消除标准,8～ 10岁儿童尿碘中位数超过适宜量,但孕妇尿碘水平略低于适宜水平,应继续加强健康教育工作,合理科学食用碘盐.