在室内静水系统中,以大竹蛏的摄食率、耗氧率、排泄率和同化率等为指标,研究了温度、盐度和饵料密度对大竹蛏的能量收支影响,建立了不同温度、盐度及饵料浓度下大竹蛏的能量收支方程.结果表明:在试验温度范围内,大竹蛏的摄食能随着温度的升高而增加,其耗氧率也随之而升高;在试验所设定的盐度范围内,在盐度28时,用于生长的能量比例最大,生长能高;在所设定的饵料密度范围内,大竹蛏的摄食能随饵料密度的增加而增加.

兰寿金鱼(Ranchu-Goldfish)又称“兰畴”,具有肉瘤发达的头部,头顶肉瘤由数十个条状或圆状小肉瘤组成,肉瘤排列紧密,整体造型非常可爱.由于该鱼经济效益高且体形、体色漂亮,深受广大消费者的喜爱,市场供不应求.目前,国内外对兰寿金鱼养殖方面的研究不多,关于兰寿金鱼循环水养殖方面的研究还未见报道.为了进一步池塘养殖试验、示范和推广该品种,2019年进行了养殖试验,现将养殖情况总结如下.

南美白对虾是广温广盐性热带虾类,因其成长快、产量高、适应性强,受到广大养殖户的青睐.目前,南美白对虾的人工育苗一般在海水中进行,需要采取淡化标粗过程才能较好的在淡水池塘中养殖,如何在淡化的过程提高苗种成活率是淡化标粗成功的关键.南美白对虾室内淡化标粗的技术已有前人做过比较多的研究,然而成活率高低各有不同,况且全国各地养殖条件、气候千差万别,长春养殖南美白对虾较少,摸索一套适合长春的南美白对虾的室内淡化标粗技术对于长春的水产养殖发展有着重要的意义.2018年长春检测中心聘请专家指导在基地开展了南美白对虾土池淡化标粗试验,经过专家的亲力指导,获得了较好的结果,1 000万虾苗经标粗淡化后收获757万,虾苗成活率在75％以上,并从中总结了一些技术要点.现将2018年淡化生产情况报告如下.

为了探索南美白对虾在长春市进行大棚养殖的可行性,2017年长春市水产品质量安全检测中心自立项目首次在长春地区开展南美白对虾大棚养殖试验养殖,试验取得了成功,现总结如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 养殖条件 养殖地点是检测中心囤养试验基地大棚内7#、8#水泥池.水泥池呈方形,长、宽各4m,深2.5 m,池底漏斗形,苗种为长春市水产品质量安全检测中心中心的淡化苗种.配纳米管增氧器.换水用自制的网状柱形框架,外面裹绢网,明管直接放里面.大棚设置多个通风窗,棚顶覆盖遮阳网.

采用含枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacollus subtilis)、纳豆芽孢杆菌(B.natto)、地衣芽孢杆菌(B.lichenformis)、腊状芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)的复合芽孢杆菌净化养鱼池塘的水质,研究其对水质因子(COD、溶氧、pH、亚硝酸盐、氨氮等)的作用和影响.在养殖条件和管理措施(养殖品种、放养密度、水源、池塘深度和养殖模式等)基本一致的前提下,试验池塘每10 d按2 g/m3的用量泼洒复合芽孢杆(对照池不用),泼洒3d后,试验池与对照池进行水质理化指标对比.结果显示,经投加复合芽孢杆菌的试验池水质优于对照池;试验池全年平均值相比对照池,COD下降12％,溶氧下降16％,透明度增加30％,pH下降8％,亚硝酸盐下降60％,氨氮变化不显著.研究表明,复合芽孢杆菌对养殖池塘的水质具有一定的净化效果,但夏季高温期使用须防缺氧.

Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus juveniles with total length of 3 cm were polycultured with bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis juveniles and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix at a initial density of 3100 grass carp juveniles, 1100 bighead carp juve-niles, and 1100 silver carp juveniles in a 0.53 hm2 test pond where a mixture of Bacillus was administrated once every 15 d and at a ini-tial density of 2900 grass carp juveniles, 1500 bighead carp juveniles, and 1500 silver carp juveniles in a 0.667 hm2 control pond where no mixture of Bacillus was administrated. Water quality indicators were monitored in the test and control ponds 3 d after administrat ion of the Bacillus mixture. It was found that the water quality indicators was shown to be 18% lower COD, 6% lower ammonia nitro-gen level, and 41% lower unionized ammonia level in the test pond than in the control pond. However, higher Secchi disk transparency (28%)and dissolved oxygen level were observed in the test pond compared with those in the control pond, indicating that the mixture of Bacillus has purification effect on the water in an aquaculture pond.

南美白对虾，又称凡纳对虾、白脚虾，是当今世界上公认的养殖产量最高的三大优良虾种之一。南美白对虾肉质鲜美，生长速度快，属广盐性种类，适合咸淡水水域养殖。近年来我国南美白对虾养殖业快速发展，集约化程度也在不断提高，养殖系统中的残饵、代谢物的沉积，以及水源的外来污染加剧等，使得养殖水体中的病原体大量繁殖，养殖环境严重恶化，造成养殖病害频发。

[Objective]The research aimed to discuss the effects of probiotics on the growth of Cyprinus carpio and water quality. [Method]Taking Cyprinus carpio as test objects,probiotics were supplemented in the feed and water to study their effects on the growth of C. carpio and water quality. [Result] Probiotics had promoting effects on the growth of C. carpio and its optimum dose was 6%. pH,ammonia nitrogen content and nitrite content in water body in test group were all lower than those in control group. [Conclusion] Compound probiotics had a broad application foreground in the aquatic breeding industry.

This article has summarized progress of biotechnology and its application achievement’s in China’s fisheries during the past ten odd years. It is mainly on gene engineering, cell engineering, fermentation engineering and enzyme engineering.

麦龙螯虾(Chorax tenuimanus)分布于西澳大利亚西南流域,东起Esperante,西至北Goraldron的哈特河,隶属于甲壳纲,十足目,拟螯虾科."麦龙"为其英文名称"Marron"的音译.该虾在分布区河流中,野生生物量可达300kg/ha.具有个体大、生长快、食性广、可食比率高、味道鲜美、营养丰富等诸多优点,是优良的淡水虾之一,因而引起世界各国的重视.自70年代以来,美国、瑞典、挪威、英国、法国、南非、津巴布韦、日本、马来西来和中国等许多国家先后引进.

微生物是指所有形体微小、结构简单的低等生物.微生物大多是单细胞,少数是多细胞,还有些是没有细胞结构的.微生物种类繁多,在自然界分布极广,与人类的生活息息相关,对工农业生产也起着非常重要的作用.微生物在水产养殖中的研究开发工作也取得了很多成果,并在实际生产中推广作用.