在发达国家美国，康复科已是较成熟的医学相关学科，其教育培养体系、从业资格认证、学科分化等较为规范。随着我国人口老龄化的形势和大健康产业的进展，康复相关行业的人才培养、专业化进程有待大力推进。康复治疗学重点针对功能障碍进行干预，而功能障碍的诊断和治疗往往需回归解剖结构，本文则基于解剖学重要性、应用价值，结合相关数据比较，浅探中国与美国的康复治疗学专业(物理治疗方向)差异，旨在为我国康复治疗相关专业发展提供借鉴与思考。

To provide references for safe and effective implementing rehabilitation treatment during hospitalization,in this article,we exploratively discusses the principle and strategy of treatment for inpatients with COVID-19 based on clinical characteristics as infectious pulmonary diseases.The foundation of rehabilitation intervention in COVID-19 is'integration of prevention,treatment and rehabilitation'frame.The earlier the rehabilitation intervention starts,the better the prognosis will be,in the stable stage of the disease.Anoxia is the main clinical manifestation for inpatients with COVID-19.The best intervention point for inpatient's rehabilitation may be resolving the disease-caused anoxia via systemic management approaches safely and efficiently in rehabilitation medicine.Thus,this article proposes that we should keep on the principle,'No Excess,No Absence',and use the strategy basing on'Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction'as common goal management in the cooperation of multidisciplinary team approach on inpatient of COVID-19 rehabilitation.The series of stabilization,relaxation and energy-saving on'physical-mental level'were the major methods.And meanwhile the interaction among evaluation and intervention on individual and environment at the same time with the inclusion of COVID-19 prevention and control will rule into rehabilitation management process.The rehabilitation intervention on COVID-19 inpatients is not only the technique-oriented but also a systemic management process.The option of health efficacy promotion approaches via systemic vision is the demonstration of the most important concept in rehabilitation medicine,'People Frist of All'.The cognition on various meaning in rehabilitation medicine will provide new for rehabilitation field.

Objective:To investigate muscle activations and the kinematics of the postural responses to external perturbations with forward and backward directions and provide theoretical guidance for the rehabilitation of patients with balance disorders.Method:Three-dimensional video graphic and surface electromyography(sEMG)data were collected from 13 male young people,who were disturbed by forward and backward platform movements.Horizon-tal CoM displacement,onset latency and magnitude of muscle activations,and angular change of three lower limb joints and trunk during postural control(from onset of perturbation to 200 ms after perturbation)were measured. Results:The results showed that when platform moved forward or backward,CoM moved in opposite directions. The ankle,hip and trunk showed opposite angular changes.The gastrocnemius muscle had greater activation magni-tude when the platform moved backward,while rectus femoris,tibialis anterior and erector spinae showed greater activation magnitude when moved forward.Except rectus abdominis and erector spinae,there was no significant difference in onset latency of other muscles between forward and backward perturbations.Conclusion:According to different directions of surface external perturbations,the central nervous system will automatically adjust postural responses by changing the pattern of joint movement and muscle recruitment to maintain body stability.

目的:探讨系统呼吸训练对肺癌患者术后短期的呼吸运动功能改善情况,以及对术后住院治疗时间的影响.方法:将80例肺癌患者随机分为训练组40例和对照组40例,训练组在常规的肺癌术前宣教、手术治疗及术后护理的基础上,从入院日至出院日(手术日除外)均给予系统的呼吸训练干预治疗;对照组接受常规的肺癌术前宣教、手术治疗及术后护理,但未给予系统的呼吸训练干预治疗.两组患者入院时均采用肺功能测定、Borg量表、6min步行试验评估呼吸运动功能,出院时均采用Borg量表、6min步行试验、术后住院治疗时间评估术后呼吸运动功能疗效.结果:两组患者入院时肺功能测定、Borg评分和6min步行试验比较,组间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);经过系统的呼吸训练,手术后出院时,训练组Borg评分低于对照组(训练组vs.对照组,1.43±0.96分vs.2.25± 1.17分,P＜0.01),训练组6min步行距离长于对照组(训练组vs.对照组,360.10±45.23m vs.309.65±79.59m,P＜0.01),训练组术后住院天数亦明显短于对照组(训练组vs.对照组,9.05±2.80d vs.11.73±2.97d,P＜0.01).术后训练组出现1例肺炎并发症患者,对照组出现1例肺炎和1例心律失常并发症患者,组间并发症几率差异比较无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:系统呼吸训练可改善肺癌患者术后住院期间短期的呼吸运动功能,并缩短术后住院治疗时间.