BackgroundRadon, a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, poses serious health risks. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer and notably increases lung cancer risk in smokers. Although previous epidemiological studies have mainly examined lung cancer rates in miners, the effects of radon on genomic stability and its molecular mechanisms are not well understood.MethodsThis study evaluated chromosomal aberrations (CA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) in miners’ lymphocytes, investigating the relationship between cytogenetic damage and variables such as exposure duration and age. Additionally, gene expression profiles were compared between radon-exposed miners and a control group to identify genes involved in DNA damage repair.ResultsWe observed a significant increase in CA and CBMN among underground miners. Gene expression analysis showed 14 genes were upregulated and four downregulated in the exposed group compared to controls.ConclusionThese findings indicate a strong link between high radon exposure and genomic instability in miners. Improved monitoring of work environments and stronger protective measures are critical to safeguarding miners’ health.

Ionizing radiation (IR) causes a wide variety of DNA lesions, of which DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious. Homologous recombination (HR) is a crucial route responsible for repairing DSBs. RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1 (RMI1) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved Bloom syndrome complex, which prevents and resolves aberrant recombination products during HR, thereby promoting genome stability. However, little is known about the role of RMI1 in regulating the cellular response to IR. This study aimed to understand the cellular functions and molecular mechanisms by which RMI1 maintains genomic stability after IR exposure. Here, we showed IR upregulated the RMI1 protein level and induced RMI1 relocation to the DNA damage sites. We also demonstrated that the loss of RMI1 in cells resulted in enhanced levels of DNA damage, sustained cell cycle arrest, and impaired HR repair after IR, leading to reduced cell viability and elevated genome instability. Taken together, our results highlighted the direct roles of RMI1 in response to DNA damage induced by IR and implied that RMI1 might be a new genome safeguard molecule to radiation-induced damage.

Interventional procedures (IPs) have been widely used to treat vascular anomalies (VA) in recent years. However, patients are exposed to low-dose X-ray ionizing radiation (IR) during these fluoroscopy-guided IPs. We collected clinical information and IR doses during IPs and measured biomarkers including ?-H2AX, chromosome aberra-tions (CA), and micronuclei (MN), which underpin radiation-induced DNA damage, from 74 pediatric patients before and after IPs. For the 74 children, the range of dose-area product (DAP) values was from 1.2 to 1754.6 Gy & BULL;cm2, with a median value of 27.1 Gy & BULL;cm2. DAP values were significantly higher in children with lesions in the head and neck than in the limbs and trunk; the age and weight of children revealed a strong positive cor-relation with DAP values. The treated patients as a group demonstrated an increase in all three endpoints relative to baseline following IPs. Children with vascular tumors have a higher risk of dicentric chromosome + centric ring (dic+r) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) after IPs than children with vascular malformations. The younger the patient, the greater the risk of CA after IPs. Moreover, rogue cells (RCs) were found in five children (approximately 10%) after IPs, and the rates of dic+r and CBMN were significantly higher than those of other children (Z =-3.576, p < 0.001). These results suggest that there may be some children with VA who are particularly sensitive to IR, but more data and more in-depth experiments will be needed to verify this in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation on chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with vascular interventional procedure.Methods:The chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed before and after vascular interventional procedure to assess the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on chromosomes. Peripheral blood (PB) was collected using heparin as an anticoagulant from 26 patients before and after (within 10 minutes) vascular interventional surgery. Informed consent was obtained from the patients′ parents.Results:Dicentric + centric ring (dic+ r) formation increased significantly ( U=647, P<0.01) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children after interventional operation. No correlation was observed between the rate of dic+ r and the cumulative dose (CD), dose area product (DAP), age, body weight, gender and the estimated effective dose E ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in dic+ r rate of children between different genders, ages and lesion sites ( P>0.05). The dic+ r rate after interventional operation exceeded 40×10 -3 in 4 of 26 cases with the highest of 95.83×10 -3. Conclusions:The ionizing radiation during children′s vascular interventional procedure might lead to the increase of chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes and some children are abnormally sensitive. Great attention should be paid to the justification and radiation protection during interventional procedure for children.

The occupational health checkup of radiation workers in a well logging company in Shandong Province is reviewed. It showes that: 1) the blood pressure is related to age and length of service, and the abnormal blood pressure rate increases with age and length of service; 2) the abnormal rate of renal function among age groups is significantly different; 3) the abnormal rate of chest X-ray photography among groups of service length is of striking difference. While workers engaged in well logging may be exposed to long term low dose radiation, it’s necessary to improve their awareness of protection and strengthen self-protection.

RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1 (RMI1) is an important component of the BLM-Topo IIIα-RMI1-RMI2 complex and plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability. However, the cellular functions of RMI1 in response to ionizing radiation (IR) are poorly understood. In this study, we found that RMI1 knockdown led to enhanced radiosensitivity and apoptosis after irradiation. To analyze the effect of RMI1 knockdown on the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs), we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing on four groups of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells: control cells and RMI1 knockdown cells with or without IR exposure. A total of 179 and 160 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were identified under RMI1 knockdown without and with exposure to IR, respectively. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that these DE-circRNAs were involved in a variety of functions and signal pathways, including histone H3-K36 methylation, nuclear pore organization, mRNA destabilization, the mismatch repair pathway, and the apoptotic signaling pathway. Overall, our results indicate that RMI1 plays a crucial role in the response to IR and, more generally, that circRNAs are important in the regulatory mechanism of the radiation response.

为寻找一种实用有效的心理干预方法应对核与辐射事故中人员心理异常情况,特报道一辐射诱发的强迫症案例,记录森田疗法对其进行治疗的过程及疗效,讨论森田疗法在辐射相关强迫症中的实践效果.该患者领悟能力提高和行为基本恢复正常的结果提示森田疗法可用于干预辐射相关的强迫症.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure occupational exposure doses of technologists who dispense and inject radiopharmaceuticals in 7 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) departments. This was done with the goal to help improving protective designs in PET departments and/or establishing national protection standards. Method: Common LiF thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were placed on the chest and necklace of the technologists to monitor whole-body and thyroid doses, respectively. Ring TLDs were also worn on both index fingers to measure individual hand doses. All TLDs were assembled and measured once every 3 months for a total of 12 months. Additionally, we measured and compared the dose of TLDs attached to both the inside and the outside of the technologist’s lead coat. Results: Technologists received relatively high exposures, which accounted for 64% to 94% of the collective dose in their respective departments. Their thyroid doses ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 mSv/a; some technologists’ hand doses exceeded 500 mSv/a. Use of a lead coat reduced the average dose by 8%. Conclusion: Technologists working in PET/CT departments were the main population exposed to radiation. This work underscores the need for enhanced protective measures for these workers to better reduce their exposure, particularly for their hands.

目的 了解介入放射工作人员健康状况,及时发现健康损害,防止职业性放射性疾病的发生和发展.方法 选择山东省5所医院的介入放射工作人员156名为介入组,介入组根据工龄分为≤10、10～20、≥20年3个组,选择非放射工作人员134名为对照组,比较对照组和介入组及不同工龄组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、抗氧化功能和外周血细胞检测结果.结果 介入组染色体畸变率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组染色体畸变率随工龄的增加逐渐升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).介入组SOD活性和GSH活性均低子对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MDA含量高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不同工龄组SOD活性、GSH活性和MDA含量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).介入组白细胞异常检出率和血红蛋白异常检出率均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组白细胞异常检出率隧工龄的增加逐渐升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 低剂量电离辐射对介入放射工作人员的血液指标产生影响,应加强介入放射的辐射防护工作,定期进行职业健康检查.

目前,对较大或高剂量辐射所引起的生物学效应已经有了充分的认识,而对低剂量辐射所引起生物学效应的认识还很局限.研究表明适应性反应是低剂量辐射诱导细胞产生的效应之一,并涉及DNA损伤反应、免疫/炎症反应和抗氧化反应等多种机制.本文就低剂量辐射适应性反应机制的研究进展进行综述,为相关研究人员提供理论基础.

Maintenance of genome integrity is critical for faithful propagation of genetic information and the prevention of the mutagenesis induced by various DNA damage events. RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1 (RMI1), together with Bloom syndrome protein and topoisomerase III alpha, form an evolutionarily conserved complex that is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. Herein, we report that RMI1 depletion increases cell sensitivity to camptothecin treatment, as shown by an elevation of genotoxic stress-induced DNA double-strand breaks, a stronger activation of the DNA damage response, and a greater G2/M cell cycle delay. Our findings support that, upon DNA damage, RMI1 forms nuclear foci at the damaged regions, interacts with RAD51, and facilitates the recruitment of RAD51 to initiate homologous recombination. Our data reveal the importance of RMI1 in response to DNA double-strand breaks and shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which RMI1 contributes to maintain genome stability.

Oxidative stress leads to various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. The dietary flavonol glycoside, hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside), exerts health benefits by preventing oxidative damage. To further understand its antioxidative defence mechanisms, we systemically investigated the regulation of hyperoside on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, carbon tetrachloride, and cadmium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hyperoside significantly increased cell viability, decreased lipid peroxidation, and lowered intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the wild-type strain (WT) and mutants gtt1∆ and gtt2∆. However, the strain with ctt1∆ showed variable cell viability and intracellular ROS-scavenging ability in response to the hyperoside treatment upon the stimulation of H2O2 and CCl4. In addition, hyperoside did not confer viability tolerance or intercellular ROS in CdSO4-induced stress to strains of sod1∆ and gsh1∆. The results suggest that the antioxidative reactions of hyperoside in S. cerevisiae depend on the intercellular ROS detoxification system.

目的 研究X射线诱导的人外周血ISG20L1基因表达变化,探究ISG20L1基因作为早期辐射生物标志物的可行性.方法 以健康人群外周血作为研究对象,分别用0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和8.0GyX射线照射EDTA抗凝外周血后培养0、4、8、24和48 h后,用RT-PCR技术检测基因转录水平,分析X射线照射外周血后的ISG20L1基因转录水平与辐射剂量之间的量效关系及时效关系;分析14名健康献血者的本底表达水平,分析基因表达的本底差异性.结果 不同剂量照射组与对照组(0 Gy组)的基因表达水平在照射后0h比较无显著性差异,而对照组样本随着培养时间的延长先下降随后上升,在去除ISG2L1基因的代谢动力学的影响后发现不同剂量点ISG20L1基因转录水平随着照后时间延长表达上调,各个照射剂量点的时间响应良好.分析不同时间点的剂量响应的时候发现,在照后4 h ISG20L1基因随着照射剂量的增加转录水平有所增加,但未能呈现良好剂量效应关系,照射后8h、12 h和48 h在剂量范围为0～4Gy时呈现出了良好的剂量效应关系,R2分别为0.978 9,0.908 3,0.9600,但当照射剂量增大为8Gy时,ISG20L1基因转录水平反而下降.结论 ISG20L1基因在0～4Gy照射剂量范围内在照射后8h以后呈现良好的量效关系,具有作为辐射生物标志物的潜力.

The increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical diagnosis and treatment has caused considerable concern regarding the effects of occupational exposure on human health. Despite this concern, little information is available regarding possible effects and the mechanism behind chronic low-dose irradiation. The present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers occupationally exposed to low-dose X-rays. A variety of analyses were conducted, including assessing the level of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations (CA) as well as cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, gene expression profiling, and antioxidant level determination. Here, we report that the level of DNA damage, CA, and CBMN were all significantly increased. Moreover, the gene expression and antioxidant activities were changed in the peripheral blood of men exposed to low-dose X-rays. Collectively, our findings indicated a strong correlation between genomic instability and duration of low-dose IR exposure. Our data also revealed the DNA damage repair and antioxidative mechanisms which could result in the observed genomic instability in health-care workers exposed to chronic low-dose IR.

目的 应用基因芯片分析X射线对人淋巴母细胞基因表达的影响,为阐明辐射生物效应的作用机制提供理论依据.方法 应用基因芯片分析人淋巴细胞经0.5和2GyX射线照射后的基因表达情况,通过Real-time PCR对部分差异表达基因进行验证.结果 人淋巴母细胞经0.5和2GyX射线照射后6h差异表达基因分别有1 250和1 773个,照射后20h差异表达基因分别有1 076和690个.通过Real-time PCR验证差异表达的基因PERP与基因芯片结果一致,与对照组相比表达下调.结论 电离辐射诱导差异表达的基因与照射剂量和照后时间相关,本研究为寻找新型辐射生物剂量计和研究辐射生物效应机制提供了新的理论依据.

目的 了解医学介入放射工作人员眼晶状体的损伤情况.方法 对226名介入放射工作人员和336名放射诊断工作人员眼晶状体混浊情况进行统计分析和评价.结果 介入放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率为8.85％,高于放射诊断工作人员(P＜0.05);不同性别组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05);50岁以上组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率与其他年龄组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期低剂量辐射会造成介入放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率增高,应加强介入放射人员眼部的辐射防护.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activity of cumin essential oils (CEOs) extracted by different techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), subcritical butane extraction (SBE) and traditional solvent extraction (SE). Our results indicated that CEOs are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, including cumin aldehyde, γ-terpinene and β-pinene. The most abundant components found in CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were similar, while the abundant components in SE, β-Cumic aldehyde (19.31%) and α-phellandrene (9.49%), were distinctive. CEOs obtained by SCE exhibited higher antioxidant activity, followed by those extracted by SE and SBE. Moreover, the anti-microbial properties of CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were higher than that of CEOs collected by SE. In conclusion, CEOs exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, which suggests a potential role of CEOs in preventing diseases associated with aging and oxidative stress, and our results highlight the potential usage of CEOs in the food industry.

Background: Managing and recycling electronic waste (e-waste), while useful and necessary, has resulted in significant contamination of several environments in China. The area around Tianjin, China has become one of the world's largest e-waste disposal centers, where electronics are processed by manually disassembly or burning, which can result in serious exposure of workers to a multitude of toxicants. Objective: The present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers involved in recycling e-waste. Methods: To detect cytogenetic and DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations (CA), cytokinesis blocking micronucleus (CBMN) and the comet assay were performed. Concentrations of some trace elements, markers of oxidative stress and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in whole blood or serum were measured, and relationships among the markers described above, age, and duration of exposure were analyzed. The profiles of expression of genes in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were assessed to determine the status of the regulation of genes involved in genome stability. Results: Concentrations of 28 PCB congeners in the whole blood of the exposed group were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than those in the control individuals. Frequency of CA (8.01%) and CBMN (26.3%) in lymphocytes and the level of DNA damage in the lymphocytes and spermatozoa of the exposed men were also significantly (P < 0.0001) greater than those of the controls. There were significant relationships between CA, CBMN, DNA damage and duration of exposure. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lead (Pb) in the blood serum were significantly greater, but activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were lower in the serum of the exposed men. MDA, Pb, Ca and Mg were associated with the duration of exposure to handling e-waste. In males involved in handling of e-waste, there were 13 genes - ATM, ATR, ABL1, CHEK1, CHEK2, GADD45A, CDK7, GTSE1, OGG1, DDB1, PRKDC, XRCC1 and CCNH - for which expression of mRNA was up-regulated and 7 genes - BRCA1, GTF2H1, SEMA4A, MRE11A, MUTYH, PNKP and RAD50 - for which the expression of mRNA was down-regulated. Conclusions: A strong correlation between indicators of damage of DNA, which could result in instability of the genome, and duration of processing e-waste was observed. If proper procedures are not followed, there are significant risks to the health of the individuals involved in such activities.

Garcinol, a natural histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, has been reported to exhibit significant anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cell types. However, no information is available about the anti-cancer effects of garcinol on gallbladder carcinoma cells (GBC). In this study, GBC cells (GBC-SD and NOZ) were treated by garcinol and subjected to Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and GBC-SD cells were selected for further transwell chamber assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Our results indicated that garcinol could significantly inhibit the growth of GBC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It also inhibited the invasion of GBC-SD cells in a dose-dependent manner. Garcinol treatment decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 by the downregulation of mRNA levels, and these two enzymes are critical to tumor invasion. Treatment with garcinol also decreased Stat3 and Akt activation in GBC-SD cells. Taken together, the effects of garcinol on GBC-SD cells may be associated with the suppression of Stat3 and Akt signaling pathways, which may contribute to inhibiting their downstream targets such as mRNA levels of MMP2 and MMP9.

Unplanned exposure to radiation can cause side effects on high-risk individuals; meanwhile, radiotherapies can also cause injury on normal cells and tissues surrounding the tumor. Besides the direct radiation damage, most of the ionizing radiation- (IR-) induced injuries were caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which possess self-renew and multilineage differentiation capabilities, are a critical population of cells to participate in the regeneration of IR-damaged tissues. Therefore, it is imperative to search effective radioprotectors for hMSCs. This study was to demonstrate whether natural source ginger oleoresin would mitigate IR-induced injuries in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We demonstrated that ginger oleoresin could significantly reduce IR-induced cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and DNA strand breaks. In addition, the ROS-scavenging mechanism of ginger oleoresin was also investigated. The results showed that ginger oleoresin could induce the translocation of Nrf2 to cell nucleus and activate the expression of cytoprotective genes encoding for HO-1 and NQO-1. It suggests that ginger oleoresin has a potential role of being an effective antioxidant and radioprotective agent.