目的 了解某钢厂450名放射工作人员离岗时的职业健康状况,为企业职工的职业健康监护工作以及离岗后的妥善安置提供参考依据及建议.方法 根据相关的法律法规要求对拟离岗的450名钢厂员工进行职业健康检查,对职业健康检查结果进行统计学分析.结果 450名放射作业人员的异常检出率为82％.异常检出项包括:外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变(4.89％)、眼晶体混浊(44.44％)、睑裂斑(25.33％)、高血压(28.22％)、甲状腺功能异常(9.59％)、肝脏B超(30.89％)、外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和眼部疾病发病率显著高于一般人群.结论 应做好钢厂放射工作人员的职业健康管理,定期开展职业健康防护知识培训.工人在工作中应注意辐射防护,防止辐射损伤,并特别注意做好眼部防护工作,防止眼部疾病发生.

Interventional procedures (IPs) have been widely used to treat vascular anomalies (VA) in recent years. However, patients are exposed to low-dose X-ray ionizing radiation (IR) during these fluoroscopy-guided IPs. We collected clinical information and IR doses during IPs and measured biomarkers including ?-H2AX, chromosome aberra-tions (CA), and micronuclei (MN), which underpin radiation-induced DNA damage, from 74 pediatric patients before and after IPs. For the 74 children, the range of dose-area product (DAP) values was from 1.2 to 1754.6 Gy & BULL;cm2, with a median value of 27.1 Gy & BULL;cm2. DAP values were significantly higher in children with lesions in the head and neck than in the limbs and trunk; the age and weight of children revealed a strong positive cor-relation with DAP values. The treated patients as a group demonstrated an increase in all three endpoints relative to baseline following IPs. Children with vascular tumors have a higher risk of dicentric chromosome + centric ring (dic+r) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) after IPs than children with vascular malformations. The younger the patient, the greater the risk of CA after IPs. Moreover, rogue cells (RCs) were found in five children (approximately 10%) after IPs, and the rates of dic+r and CBMN were significantly higher than those of other children (Z =-3.576, p < 0.001). These results suggest that there may be some children with VA who are particularly sensitive to IR, but more data and more in-depth experiments will be needed to verify this in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation on chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with vascular interventional procedure.Methods:The chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed before and after vascular interventional procedure to assess the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on chromosomes. Peripheral blood (PB) was collected using heparin as an anticoagulant from 26 patients before and after (within 10 minutes) vascular interventional surgery. Informed consent was obtained from the patients′ parents.Results:Dicentric + centric ring (dic+ r) formation increased significantly ( U=647, P<0.01) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children after interventional operation. No correlation was observed between the rate of dic+ r and the cumulative dose (CD), dose area product (DAP), age, body weight, gender and the estimated effective dose E ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in dic+ r rate of children between different genders, ages and lesion sites ( P>0.05). The dic+ r rate after interventional operation exceeded 40×10 -3 in 4 of 26 cases with the highest of 95.83×10 -3. Conclusions:The ionizing radiation during children′s vascular interventional procedure might lead to the increase of chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes and some children are abnormally sensitive. Great attention should be paid to the justification and radiation protection during interventional procedure for children.

依据WS/T 536—2017《卫生标准跟踪评价工作指南》,通过问卷调查我国7个省的337名放射卫生监督人员对现行的5个常见放射性疾病的诊断标准的掌握、理解和使用情况.调查结果显示,放射卫生监督人员对常见放射性疾病的诊断标准知晓、熟悉、理解和应用程度有待提高,仅47.5％(160)的放射卫生监督人员知道全部5个放射病诊断标准,18.4％(62)的放射卫生监督人员仅知道其中的一项标准.60％的人员接受过《职业性外照射急性放射病诊断》标准的培训或宣贯,而《职业性放射性白内障的诊断》标准仅4％的人员接受过培训或宣贯;接近60％的被调查人员在执行卫生监督工作中应用到各项常用诊断标准,但引用频次大多为一年一次;92％以上的被调查监督人员认为各项诊断标准条款与现行国家职业病防治相关法律法规和标准的要求协调一致;各项标准均有低于20％的被调查人员认为不可行;超过50％的监督机构无职业病诊断标准专项管理配套经费;仅198(58.75％)名被调查人员的监督机构对诊断机构进行了质量管理专项监督;主观性问题调查中,仅不到20％的被调查人员给出了调查意见.应加强对放射卫生监督人员诊断标准宣贯和培训力度,提高放射卫生监督人员对标准的应用能力.卫生监督机构应加大经费投入,加强对放射诊断机构的专项监督工作,建立有效的反馈机制.

分析了收集到的2013—2018年确诊的8例职业性外照射慢性放射病病例的相关指标及病因判断等资料,了解诊断标准实施过程中存在的问题,为职业性外照射慢性放射病的诊断及预防提供参考.

目的 了解介入放射工作人员健康状况,及时发现健康损害,防止职业性放射性疾病的发生和发展.方法 选择山东省5所医院的介入放射工作人员156名为介入组,介入组根据工龄分为≤10、10～20、≥20年3个组,选择非放射工作人员134名为对照组,比较对照组和介入组及不同工龄组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、抗氧化功能和外周血细胞检测结果.结果 介入组染色体畸变率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组染色体畸变率随工龄的增加逐渐升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).介入组SOD活性和GSH活性均低子对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MDA含量高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不同工龄组SOD活性、GSH活性和MDA含量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).介入组白细胞异常检出率和血红蛋白异常检出率均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组白细胞异常检出率隧工龄的增加逐渐升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 低剂量电离辐射对介入放射工作人员的血液指标产生影响,应加强介入放射的辐射防护工作,定期进行职业健康检查.

Xenon has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and is clinically used as a favorable safe inhalation anesthetic. We previously confirmed the neuroprotective effects of xenon treatment in epileptic animals. However, the mechanism underlying these protective effects remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of xenon inhalation on autophagy in neuronal injury induced by acute generalized seizures. Kainic acid (KA) was injected into the lateral ventricle of male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce acute generalized seizures. Next, the rats were treated via inhalation of a 70% xenon/21% oxygen/9% nitrogen mixture for 60 min immediately after KA administration. The control group was treated via inhalation of a 79% nitrogen/21% oxygen mixture. Subsequently, two inhibitors (3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1) or an autophagy inducer (rapamycin) were administered, respectively, before KA and xenon administration to determine the role of autophagy in the protective effects of xenon. The levels of apoptosis, neuronal injury, and autophagy were determined in all the rats. Xenon inhalation significantly attenuated the severity of the seizure-induced neuronal injury. Increased autophagy accompanied this inhibitive effect. Autophagy inhibition eliminated these xenon neuroprotective effects. A simulation of autophagy using rapamycin recapitulated xenon's protective effects on KA-induced acute generalized seizures in the rats. These findings confirmed that xenon exerts strong neuroprotective effects in KA-induced acute generalized seizures. Further, they indicate that increased autophagy may underlie the protective effects of xenon. Therefore, xenon and autophagy inducers may be useful clinical options for their neuroprotective effects in epileptic seizures.

目的 通过实时定量PCR技术检测不同剂量照射引起人外周血miRNA-150表达的差异,从而探讨miRNA-150在机体辐射损伤中的意义.方法 将采集的静脉血分别给予0.5、1、2、4、8Gy剂量照射,并设置对照组.照射后将血样接种于含10％小牛血清的RPMI1640培养瓶中,置于37℃恒温培养箱中培养,利用实时定量PCR技术检测照射8、24h后miR-150的含量变化;采用tbools软件进行miR-150序列比对,Starbase数据库预测miR-150靶基因.结果 miR-150在0.5、1、2、4、8Gy照射后8h后2-△△Ct值分别为0.66、0.68、0.74、0.75、0.63,与未照射组相比,差异有统计学意义;照射24h后2-△△Ct值分别为0.94、0.95、0.71、0.59、0.67,较8h均出现了不同程度的表达下调,与未照射组相比,差异有统计学意义;人与小鼠miR-150-5p序列一致,miR-150-3p种子序列区存在单一碱基差异,靶基因预测表明BASP1、MAP3K12和ZBTB4基因为人miR-150靶向基因的可能性最高.结论 照射后外周血中miR-150差异表达与辐射损伤有关,可成为预测辐射损伤的潜在生物标志物.

目的 比较介入放射工作人员和健康非放射工作人员离体外周血在受到不同剂量X射线照射后,血液中淋巴细胞凋亡率、Fas表达率的差异.方法 采集上述两类人员清晨空腹外周血,分为对照组和照射组,对照组不照射X射线,照射组分别给予1、2、4Gy剂量的X射线照射,剂量率为1.0 Gy/min,照射后分离提取淋巴细胞、染色培养,12 h后采用流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞凋亡率和Fas表达率,用flowjo和SPSS软件处理分析数据.结果 两类人员离体外周血中T淋巴细胞早期、晚期及总凋亡率组间差异无统计学意义(t =4.58,P＞0.05),Fas表达率差异有统计学意义(t=6.75,P＜0.05).每一类人员各剂量组间T淋巴细胞早期、晚期、总凋亡率及Fas表达率组间差异无统计学意义(t=3.96,P＞0.05).结论 不同剂量X射线照射对介入放射工作人员、健康非放射工作人员离体外周血T淋巴细胞凋亡率及Fas表达率没有显著性影响.

目的 研究X射线诱导的人外周血ISG20L1基因表达变化,探究ISG20L1基因作为早期辐射生物标志物的可行性.方法 以健康人群外周血作为研究对象,分别用0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和8.0GyX射线照射EDTA抗凝外周血后培养0、4、8、24和48 h后,用RT-PCR技术检测基因转录水平,分析X射线照射外周血后的ISG20L1基因转录水平与辐射剂量之间的量效关系及时效关系;分析14名健康献血者的本底表达水平,分析基因表达的本底差异性.结果 不同剂量照射组与对照组(0 Gy组)的基因表达水平在照射后0h比较无显著性差异,而对照组样本随着培养时间的延长先下降随后上升,在去除ISG2L1基因的代谢动力学的影响后发现不同剂量点ISG20L1基因转录水平随着照后时间延长表达上调,各个照射剂量点的时间响应良好.分析不同时间点的剂量响应的时候发现,在照后4 h ISG20L1基因随着照射剂量的增加转录水平有所增加,但未能呈现良好剂量效应关系,照射后8h、12 h和48 h在剂量范围为0～4Gy时呈现出了良好的剂量效应关系,R2分别为0.978 9,0.908 3,0.9600,但当照射剂量增大为8Gy时,ISG20L1基因转录水平反而下降.结论 ISG20L1基因在0～4Gy照射剂量范围内在照射后8h以后呈现良好的量效关系,具有作为辐射生物标志物的潜力.

The increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical diagnosis and treatment has caused considerable concern regarding the effects of occupational exposure on human health. Despite this concern, little information is available regarding possible effects and the mechanism behind chronic low-dose irradiation. The present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers occupationally exposed to low-dose X-rays. A variety of analyses were conducted, including assessing the level of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations (CA) as well as cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, gene expression profiling, and antioxidant level determination. Here, we report that the level of DNA damage, CA, and CBMN were all significantly increased. Moreover, the gene expression and antioxidant activities were changed in the peripheral blood of men exposed to low-dose X-rays. Collectively, our findings indicated a strong correlation between genomic instability and duration of low-dose IR exposure. Our data also revealed the DNA damage repair and antioxidative mechanisms which could result in the observed genomic instability in health-care workers exposed to chronic low-dose IR.

目的 应用基因芯片分析X射线对人淋巴母细胞基因表达的影响,为阐明辐射生物效应的作用机制提供理论依据.方法 应用基因芯片分析人淋巴细胞经0.5和2GyX射线照射后的基因表达情况,通过Real-time PCR对部分差异表达基因进行验证.结果 人淋巴母细胞经0.5和2GyX射线照射后6h差异表达基因分别有1 250和1 773个,照射后20h差异表达基因分别有1 076和690个.通过Real-time PCR验证差异表达的基因PERP与基因芯片结果一致,与对照组相比表达下调.结论 电离辐射诱导差异表达的基因与照射剂量和照后时间相关,本研究为寻找新型辐射生物剂量计和研究辐射生物效应机制提供了新的理论依据.

目的 了解医学介入放射工作人员眼晶状体的损伤情况.方法 对226名介入放射工作人员和336名放射诊断工作人员眼晶状体混浊情况进行统计分析和评价.结果 介入放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率为8.85％,高于放射诊断工作人员(P＜0.05);不同性别组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05);50岁以上组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率与其他年龄组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期低剂量辐射会造成介入放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率增高,应加强介入放射人员眼部的辐射防护.

Biological dosimetry indicators play important roles in the dose estimation of irradiated personnel in nuclear accident and in the study of radiation biological effects.However,chromosome aberration analysis cannot satisfy the requirements of mass rapid detection.Therefore,determining fast,simple,and high-throughput biodosimetry indicators has become a hot spot in radiobiology.With the rapid development in molecular biology technology and theory,the radiation effects of biological macromolecules have been studied extensively.The biological dosimetry of molecular biological level is mainly focused on the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation,that is,the changes in gene expression and protein levels.This paper reviews the recent advances in biodosimetry at molecular biological level.

目的 研究介入放射工作者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的危险因素,探讨IMT与累积受照剂量之间的关系.方法 采用1:4配比对照研究,在山东省选取155名医院介入工作者和620名普通放射科工作者,超声测量他们的IMT,收集其累积受照剂量及其他危险因素信息,SPSS分析IMT与累积受照剂量等危险因素之间的关系.结果 IMT和累积剂量、年龄、放射工龄呈弱相关,和性别呈较弱负相关;累积剂量、年龄、性别保留在线性回归方程中.结论 累积剂量、年龄增长可促进IMT增厚,而性别则相反.

Objective To analyze the relationship of the intima-media thickness ( IMT) of carotid artery and accumulated radiation dose in intervention workers , and to evaluate the threshold dose leading to the abnormal IMT .Methods By cluster random sampling , 155 intervention workers were selected as intervention group and 620 workers from the radiology departments were selected as control group .All workers came from 27 hospitals in Shandong Province .The workers in these two groups were given radiological occupational health check -up.Their accumulated dose of radiation was collected and IMT was measured by ultrasound .Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the dose-effect between the IMT and the accumulated dose .Results In the intervention group , IMT was ( 0.70 ±0.11 ) mm, the abnormal rate of IMT was 4.5%(7/155).The IMT in the control group was (0.68 ±0.09) mm, and the abnormal rate of IMT was 3.9%(24/620).The abnormal rate of IMT between the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05).The multiple linear regression equation was y^=0.007 x1 +0.001 x2 -0.098 x3 +0.223 (y^means IMT, mm;x1 means age, x2 means accumulated radiation dose , mSv;x3 means gender ) , and the threshold doses deduced in all ages corresponding to 1 mm of IMT showed that the threshold dose was higher with younger age , and the larger accumulated radiation dose was needed to cause the IMT abnormity in the female than in the male workers .Conclusion The IMT is positively correlated with the accumulated radiation dose in radiation workers , and the threshold dose of abnormal IMT could be estimated by the linear regression equation .

目的 了解长期低剂量电离辐射接触对山东省介入放射工作人员身体健康影响.方法 按照放射人员职业健康规范要求,结合个人剂量监测结果对2013年192名介入放射工作人员检查结果进行分析,并选择未接触射线和毒物的医务工作人员75例作为对照组.结果 山东省介入放射工作人员随着放射工龄增加,人均年有效剂量呈上升趋势,至放射工龄10 ～ 15年时达到最高,后开始呈下降趋势.介入组的内科症状、晶状体浑浊阳性率、白细胞、微核细胞率和对照组的差异具有统计学意义.结论 长期低剂量职业照射对介入放射工作人员的健康存在一定的影响,需进一步加强防护.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine Qingzhi granule on rats with alco-holic fatty liver.Methods:The composite molding method was used to induce alcoholic fatty liver rat model,and they were treated with traditional Chinese medicine Qingzhi granule intervention.The changes of liver histopathology and blood lipid,liver function, cytokine leptin Leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-etc were observed.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine Qingzhi granules can achieve the goal of the prevention and treatment of alcoholic fatty liver by improving blood lipid,liver function,and reducing serum TNF-α,Leptin level.

为了解决低传能线密度辐射诱发的染色体畸变存在剂量率效应的问题,以便较为准确地估算不同剂量率受照人员的吸收剂量.用3种不同照射剂量率的低剂量X线照射离体人外周血,CA诱导染色体早熟,收获早熟凝集染色体,采用盲法阅片,计数染色体断片数和畸变细胞数,分析畸变率与照射剂量之间的关系,分别拟合不同剂量率的剂量效应曲线和数学模型.结果表明,在剂量率一定的情况下,各剂量点的染色体断片率随吸收剂量增加而增加.同一剂量点不同剂量率射线诱发的染色体断片率随剂量率的增加而增加,剂量率效应明显.因此在估算低传能线密度辐射的吸收剂量时,应该考虑剂量率效应,根据受照情况尽量选择剂量率相近的剂量-效应关系曲线进行估算,从而使结果更为准确.

Objective To explore the feasibility of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology to detect the Calyculin A (CA)-induced prematurely condensed chromosome(PCC) after high-dose irradiation of X-rays.Methods Human peripheral blood was irradiated by X-rays at 0,1,5,10,15 and 20 Gy.Whole blood was cultured with RPMI 1640 medium,thereafter the CA was used to induce premature chromosome condensation.The No.1 and No.4 whole chromosome probe was used in the FISH,and the chromosomes were observed under the fluorescence microscope.The aberration positive cell quantity and the quantity of fragments of two chromosomes were counted,and dose-effect curve fitted was performed.Results The ratio of chromosomal aberration positive cells had a good dose response (0-15 Gy) with an equation Y =0.008 + 0.065D + 1.858 × 10-5D2 (R2 =0.994).The PCC fragments also had a good dose response within 0-20 Gy with an equation Y=-0.032 +0.216D-0.01D2(R2 =1.0).Conclusions Analysis of Calyculin-A-induced PCC by using FISH technique could be used to estimate the biological dose after high-dose irradiation.