Проведена производственная апробация результатов, полученных в 2022 году, по действию органической формы селена на продуктивность коров и качественные параметры молока. Эксперимент осуществлен в Московском регионе. Для анализа результатов было сформировано 2 выборки животных: контрольная (С), получавшая стандартный рацион (ОР), и опытная (Е), в которой ОР дополнили протеинатом селена — из расчета 3,7 мг Se на 1 голову в сутки по действующему веществу. Каждая выборка включала 107 голов, в том числе по 34 особи 1-й лактации. Продолжительность производственного опыта составила 62 дня. От коров группы Е в период производственной апробации надоено на 1 голову 41,06 и 34,90 кг молока жирностью 3,4% и 4% соответственно, или на 1,97 кг (5%) и 1,68 кг (5,1%) больше по сравнению с контролем. У особей опытной группы наблюдалось незначительное снижение (на 0,16%) содержания белка в молоке, но при этом увеличилась концентрация лактозы (на 0,15%) по сравнению с контролем. В течение лактации в молоке коров группы С (в отличие от коров группы Е) снизилось содержание полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (PUFA) (P<0,05), отмечалась тенденция к уменьшению концентраций олеиновой кислоты, длинноцепочечных (LCFA) и среднецепочечных (MUFA) жирных кислот (P<0,10). Важным является снижение содержания ацетона и β-гидроксибутирата (BHB) (P<0,05) в молоке коров опытной группы. Таким образом, полученные данные свидетельствуют о благоприятном влиянии органического селена на молочную продуктивность и качество молока подопытных животных. Production approbation of the results obtained in 2022 on the effect of organic form of selenium on cow productivity and milk quality parameters was carried out. The experiment was carried out in the Moscow region. To analyse the results, 2 samples of animals were formed: control (C), which received standard ration (SR) and experimental (E), in which SR was supplemented with selenium proteinate — at the rate of 3.7 mg Se per 1 head per day by active substance). Each sample consisted of 107 head, including 34 individuals of the 1st lactation. The duration of the production experiment was 62 days. From cows of group E during the period of production trial milk yield per 1 head was 41.06 and 34.90 kg of 3.4% and 4% milk, respectively, or 1.97 kg (5%) and 1.68 kg (5.1%) more compared to the control. Individuals in the experimental group showed a slight decrease (by 0.16%) in milk protein content, but increased lactose concentration (by 0.15%) compared to the control. During lactation in milk of cows of group C (in contrast to cows of group E, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased (P<0.05), there was a tendency to decrease the concentrations of oleic acid, long-chain (LCFA) and medium-chain (MUFA) fatty acids (P<0.10). The decrease of acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) content (P<0.05) in milk of cows of the experimental group is important. Thus, the obtained data indicate a favourable effect of organic selenium on milk productivity and milk quality of experimental animals.

During the scientific-economic experiment young cattle of the dairy and post-dairy period of growing of the 1st control group (C-) were fed with the basic diet (BD), whereas calves of the 2nd experimental group (C+) with BD feeding additional premix containing sodium selenite (0,30 mg Se per 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of a diet). Animals of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups (E100, E75, E50) were fed additional 0.30, 0.22 and 0.15 mg Se per 1 kg DM of diet in the form of proteinate. On average over the period of the experiment the total average daily gain (ADG) of body weight of calves in experimental groups was 719; 736; 781; 710 g or 6.8; 9.4; 16; 5.5% more compared to control. Calves from groups E100 and E75 fed 0.30 and 0.22 mg Se used 8.60, 13.75% and 8.56, 13.79% less energy fodder units (EFU) and digestible protein (DP) per 1 kg body weight gain compared to the control group (C-). The animals in the 3rd and 4th experimental groups fed 0.30 and 0.22 mg Se per 1 kg of diet had better digestible dry matter - by 3.18 and 3.92% (p<0.1), organic matter by 1.81% (p<0.1), and 3.64% (p<0.05), protein by 3.93 and 4.01% (p<0.1), fat by 1.02 and 1.80%, fibre by 1.01 and 2.79% (p<0.01), BEV by 1.91 (p<0.1) and 2.05% compared to control. Feeding calves of experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 with various levels of selenium proteinate promoted the increase of selenium concentration in hair (p<0,05) and blood serum (p>0,05) with decrease of Se removal with faeces (p<0,01, E75 vs C-) . In the experimental groups of calves calculation of conditional realization of the additionally gained live weight gain showed a higher level of gain compared to the control by 1481; 2008; 3468,5 and 1200 RUB per head respectively for the period of the experiment.

One of the priorities of the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (approved by Presidential Decree № 642 of December 1, 2016) is the transition to a highly productive and environmentally friendly agriculture. Organic agriculture can help to ensure sufficient food for the population by 2050 and simultaneously reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment only if it is implemented as part of a system of agricultural production, which should provide the same volume and composition of products as in the baseline scenario. An important aspect of organic livestock production is to reduce the impact of stress factors on animals. A promising solution can be the use of natural biologically active substances with pronounced antioxidant properties. The action of natural bioflavonoids (Taxifolin) and also in a complex with vitamins on the organism of fattening pigs during the periods of stress of various etiology (climatic, fodder, social etc.) has been studied. A complex including vitamin C, vitamin E and Taxifolin has been developed. The provisions of the method of feeding pigs as a way to reduce the negative impact of stress factors on meat quality by means of the studied nutritional factor have been studied experimentally.

В научно-хозяйственном опыте, проведённом в К/х «Балка» (Бескарагайский район Восточно-Казахстанской области), изучено влияние скармливания сенажа из травы люцерны с внесением 3 г/т бактериальной закваски «Казбиосил» в сравнении с самоконсервированным сенажом на обмен веществ и продуктивность растущего молодняка крупного рогатого скота. Подопытным животным контрольной группы в составе кормов рациона скармливали самоконсервированный сенаж из травы люцерны, тогда как животным опытной группы вместо самоконсервированного скармливали сенаж с внесением бактериальной закваски. В конце научно-хозяйственного опыта живая масса животных опытной группы превосходила аналогичный показатель особей контрольной группы на 9,6 кг, или на 9,7% (P < 0,05). Затраты ЭКЕ и переваримого протеина на 1 кг прироста молодняка крупного рогатого скота опытной группы были ниже по сравнению с контрольным вариантом соответственно на 11,1 и 4,4%. Скармливание в рационах молодняка крупного рогатого скота сенажа из травы люцерны с внесением бактериальной закваски способствовало увеличению переваримости всех питательных веществ. При изучении рубцового пищеварения установлено, что снижение содержания уксусной кислоты и увеличение пропионовой и масляной кислот в рубцовом химусе после кормления способствовало усилению образования гликогена, глюкозы и использованию продуктов брожения для увеличения продуктивности молодняка крупного рогатого скота. Результаты биохимических исследований сыворотки крови молодняка крупного рогатого скота, получавшего разные варианты сенажа из травы люцерны, находились в пределах физиологической нормы. Скармливание в рационах молодняка крупного рогатого скота сенажа из травы люцерны с внесением бактериальной закваски «Казбиосил» способствовало получению дополнительной прибыли в размере 30 руб. в сутки на 1 голову. This experiment took place at the K/kh “Balka” (farm household) (the Beskaragai district of the East-Kazakhstan region) to test the effect of alfalfa-based haylage (+ 3 g/t of the “Kazbiosil” bacterial starter) on the metabolism and productivity of young cattle in comparison with conventional self-preserved haylage. Two groups of animals were formed obtaining either conventional feed or the one treated with bacteria. The haylage obtained via the treatment with bacteria provided the increase in body weight of 9.6 kg, or 9.7% (P < 0.05). The costs of energy feed units and digestible protein per 1 kg dropped by 11.1 and 4.4%. Moreover, the digestibility of all the nutrients improved. The concentration of acetic acid reduced in ruminal chyme while the contents of propionic and butyric acids increased positively affecting glycogen and glucose biosyntheses as well as the processing of fermentation products leading, therefore, to the higher productivity of young cattle. Blood biochemistry was within the physiological norm. The additional profit amounted to 30 rubles per head daily.

To carry out scientific and economic experience, three groups of piglets-analogues at the age of 28 days (20 heads in each group) were selected, depending on the origin and live weight. The duration of the experiment was (62 days). According to the experimental scheme, the growing young pigs of the 1st control group as part of the SK-4 compound feed received 0.30 mg/kg of inorganic selenium feed in the form of sodium selenite, analogues from the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received the same compound feed with the addition of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg of organic selenium, respectively. Feeding young pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups as part of the SK-4 compound feed of organic selenium in the amount of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg contributed to an increase in live weight and average daily gains at 60 and 90 days of age, respectively, by 7.46 g, 7.24 g and 12.3%, 12.1% and 8.4 g 8.3 g and 9.5%, 9.5% compared to control animals. The inclusion of various levels of organic selenium in the composition of the SK-4 compound feed contributed to an increase in the digestibility of all nutrients compared to the control. The inclusion of organic selenium in the growing young pigs of the experimental groups of 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg of feed had a positive effect on the dynamics of morphological, biochemical, immunological parameters that cause an increase in the protective properties of the body. The greatest economic effect was obtained in the 2nd experimental group of piglets receiving 0.15 mg of B-Traxime Selenium per 1 kg of feed and amounted to 292.5 rubles per head.

Relevance. There is evidence of increased immunity in animals when they are fed components from insect larvae. The research objectives are to study some aspects of the composition and bactericidal properties of the lipid fraction obtained from the biomass of Black Lion larvae (LCL-lf); to establish the effectiveness of using LCL-lf as an additive to the diet of calves of the dairy growing period. Methodology. Scientific and economic experience in studying the effect of various levels of use of the lipid fraction obtained from the biomass of Black Lion larvae in the diets of dairy calves (from the 59th to the 123 rd day) of the growing period was carried out in JSC «Molodi» of the Moscow region. The animals of the control group were fed a balanced diet in terms of energy and nutrients, the 1st experimental in addition to the main diet daily (individually) in the morning feeding was fed 5 g of LCHL-lf, the 2nd experimental – 10 g of LCHL-lf. Results. Fatty acid composition of LCHL-lf: the sum of saturated LC – 85.9%, lauric acid – 55.6%. The antimicrobial properties of the extract from LCL-lf are largely noted in relation to gram-positive bacteria. It was noted that feeding larvae in the diets of young animals improved the bactericidal properties of the blood serum of experimental animals – from 31.4 to 42.9–48.6% ( p < 0.05). The content of erythrocytes (11.6% vs. 10.3 × 10 12 /l in the control, p = 0.08) and hematocrit (40.9 vs. 37.1% in the control, p = 0.02) was higher in the blood of group 2 animals, which indicates an increase in the redox capacity of the blood of experimental animals. In the blood of animals of the experimental groups, the content of free water–soluble antioxidants increased – from 14.8 mg/l in the control to 17.8 mg/l ( p = 0.08) and to 15.7 mg/l ( p = 0.39) in the blood of animals of the experimental groups, 1st and 2nd, respectively. In general, over the two-month period of the experiment, the increase in SSP was: in group 1 – 8.4%, in group 2 – 18.7% compared with the control (703.1–769.5 g vs. 648.4 g, p < 0.05).

The article presents data on the use of the enzyme preparation Roxazim G2 G and the enzyme-probiotic preparation Vitacell in the composition of complete compound feeds for pregnant and lactating sows. The effect of feeding 0.25% of the dry matter of the diet of feed stimulants on the reproductive qualities of sows, on the dynamics of live weight and digestibility of nutrients was studied. According to the research results, it was revealed that these additives had a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body of sows, which in turn allowed to increase absolute and average daily gains, increase the digestibility of nutrients in the diet and reproductive functions.

Relevance. In modern conditions of intensive animal husbandry, primary importance is attached to the feeding of chelated forms of trace elements, in particular selenium. The purpose of the research was to develop norms for feeding organic selenium for calves in the dairy and post-dairy growing periods. Materials and methods. Scientific, economic and balance experience in JSC «Molodi» of the Chekhov district of the Moscow region on 55 heads of young cattle of a black-and-white Holstein breed. During the studies, the calves of the 1st control group (C-) were fed the feed of the main diet (OR) without any Se additives, while the calves of the 2nd experimental group (C+) were fed OR and Se in an amount of 0.30 mg/kg of dry matter (CB) of the diet (additionally, a premix was set, containing sodium selenite), animals of the 3rd experimental group (E100) were fed in addition to OR Se in organic form plus 0.30 mg/kg of the ration (in the dairy and post-dairy periods, analogues from the 4th experimental group (E75) were fed OR plus 0.22 mg/kg of the Se ration (in organic form), calves of the 5th experimental group (E50) were fed as a part of OR 0.15 mg/kg Se (in organic form). Results. On average, over the period of the experiment, the total average daily increase in live weight of calves of the experimental groups was, respectively, 719 g, 736 g, 781 g, 710 g (or by 6,8%, 9,4%, 16%, 5,5%) and by 8.6% more compared to the control and calves of the 2nd an experimental group that received an inorganic form of selenium according to the norms of the needs of dairy cattle.

Аннотация.Для определения эффективности использования новой биологической закваски «Казбиосил» проведен научно-хозяйственный опыт продолжительностью 90 дней.Исследования проводились в лаборатории массовых анализов Казахского НИИ животноводства и кормопроизводства и крестьянском хозяйстве (КХ) «Балке» Бескарагайского района Восточно-Казахстанской области.Биологический консервант представляет собой сухой порошок из штаммов молочнокислых бактерий Streptococcus lactis diastaticus АК-41, Lactobacillus pentoaceticum A-25 и пропионовокислых бактерий Propionibacterium shermanii С-8.Титр препарата: 2х10 9 .Скармливание лактирующим коровам в составе кормового рациона кукурузного силоса с внесением биологической закваски «Казбиосил» способствовало увеличению молока 4%-ной жирности на 9,5% при снижении энергетических кормовых единиц, переваримого протеина, соответственно, на 4,5 и 5,3%, по сравнению с контролем.У коров опытной группы повысились коэффициенты переваримости сухого вещества на 1,7%, органического веществана 2,8%, протеина -на 1,3%, жира -на 1,0%, клетчатки -на 0,7%, БЭВ -на 3,1% относительно контроля.При скармливании опытного силоса улучшилась интенсивность обменных процессов в организме коров.Так, увеличилось содержание общего белка -на 2,7%, креатинина -на 4,2%, АЛТ -на 7,7%, АСТ -на 4,7%, кальция -на 4,0%, фосфора -на 3,5%, снижение глюкозы -на 7,2%, мочевины -на 19,4%, билирубина -на 6,4%, щелочной фосфатазы -на 7,6%, холестерина -на 6,2%.У лактирующих коров обеих групп в рубцовой жидкости спустя 3 часа после кормления имело место увеличение общего количества летучих жирных кислот

В условиях интенсивного ведения животноводства большое значение придается использованию органических форм микроэлементов. Цель данных исследований заключалась в разработке норм скармливания органического селена для высокопродуктивных новотельных коров. Научно-хозяйственный и балансовый опыты проведены в Московском регионе на 36 новотельных высокопродуктивных голштинизированных коровах черно-пестрой породы в период раздоя. Сформировано 4 группы (n=9). Животным I (контрольной) группы скармливали премикс, содержащий селенит натрия в количестве 4,9 мг Se на 1 голову в сутки, II, III и IV групп — премиксы, содержащие органический селен в количестве 2,5; 3,7 и 4,9 мг соответственно. Введение селена в органической форме взамен селенита натрия в рационы способствовало увеличению концентрации его в молоке на 1,5; 26,1 и 24,6%, снижению количества соматических клеток на 3,3; 13,0 и 11,5% относительно контроля. Переваримость сухого, органического веществ, сырого протеина, жира, клетчатки, безазотистых экстрактивных веществ коровами, получавшими разные уровни органического селена, увеличилась по сравнению с контролем на 0,24—3,25; 0,41—4,43; 1,23—2,67; 0,06—2,47; 1,09—1,71; 0,16—2,21% соответственно, что привело к снижению затрат энергетических кормовых единиц, переваримого протеина и концентратов на 3,03—12,08; 3,24—12,90; 3,00—12,86%. Cреднесуточные удои молока 4%-ной жирности коров опытных групп повысились на 1,7; 11,7 и 11,1% по сравнению с контролем, индекс осеменения и сервис-период сократились на 0,20; 0,55; 0,45% и на 4; 19 и 10 дней соответственно. Установлена возможность замены в рационах коров неорганической формы селена на органическую. Оптимальная дозировка составила 3,7 мг Se на 1 голову в сутки (75% от полной нормы). Применение селена в органической форме способствует повышению использования питательных веществ рациона, улучшению обменных процессов в организме, повышает молочную продуктивность и улучшает показатели воспроизводства. In conditions of intensive animal husbandry great importance is given to the use of organic forms of trace elements. The purpose of these studies was to develop requirements of organic selenium feeding for high-yielding newborn cows. Scientific experiments were carried out in the Moscow region on 36 new highproductive Holsteinized cows of the black-motley breed during the period of early lactation. Four groups (n=9) were formed. The cows of I (control) group were given a premix containing sodium selenite in the amount of 4.9 mg Se per day per one head, II, III and IV groups received premixes containing organic selenium in the amount of 2.5; 3.7 and 4.9 mg correspondingly. Feeding of selenium in organic form instead of sodium selenite in diets resulted in increase of its concentration in milk by 1.5, 26.1 and 24.6%, in decrease of somatic cell number by 3.3, 13.0 and 11.5% compared to control. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, fat, fiber, nitrogen-free extractive substances of cows receiving different levels of organic selenium increased by 0.2— 3.25 as compared with the control; 0.41—4.43; 1.23— 2.67; 0.06—2.47; 1.09—1.71; 0.16—2.21%, respectively, which resulted in a reducing costs in energy feed units, digestible protein and concentrates by 3.03—12.08; 3.24—12.90; 3.00—12.86%. The average daily milk yield of 4% fat of cows from the experimental groups increased by 1.7; 11.7 and 11.1% compared to the control, the insemination index and the service period decreased by 0.20; 0.55; 0.45% and by 4; 19 and 10 days respectively. The possibility of replacing the inorganic form of selenium in cows' diets by the organic form was established. The optimum dosage is 3.7 mg Se per 1 head per day (75% of the full norm). Administration of selenium in the organic form promotes increase of use of nutrients in a diet, improvement of metabolic processes in an organism, raises dairy efficiency and improves reproduction factors.

The effect of two forms of selenium, inorganic and organic, was evaluated in the study. Lactating cows of the 1st control group were fed 4.9 mg/head/day of inorganic form of selenium, cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups received organic form of selenium in the amounts of 2.5, 3.7 and 4.9 mg/head/day. Researches show that application of organic form of selenium permits to increase average daily milk yield by 3.3, 12.9 and 10.8% (р < 0.05), while increasing of dry matter concentration in milk by 0.57% (р < 0.05) in comparison with the 1st control group. When administering selenium in organic form 3.7 mg/head/day, there was a tendency to increase in amount of casein and decrease in amount of somatic cells in milk by 0.13% and 33.7 thousand/ cm3 respectively (р < 0.1). A dose of 4.9 mg/head/day of organic selenium contributed to a decrease in amount of somatic cells by 29.3 thousand/cm3 (р < 0.05). Feeding experimental groups with organic form of selenium in different doses had a positive effect on the immune status and antioxidant activity of blood serum. The content of free water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) in blood serum was higher by 39.3 and 53.5% (р < 0.001) in cows of the 3rd and 4th experimental groups fed 3.7 and 4.9 mg/head/day of organic selenium. Thus, the use of selenium in organic form is the most effective and allows to reduce the amount of used micronutrient for replenishment of animal needs.

Changes in the muscle tissue microstructure lead to changes in meat quality. One of the causes of the myopathy development is animal stress. Pigs experience the strongest stress during pre-slaughter holding. The study of the postmortem meat structure depending on fasting time is a topical task. The objects of the research were samples of m. L. dorsi obtained after slaughter from pigs that differed in fasting time: 4 (group 1), 8 (group 2), 10 (group 3), 16 (group 4) and 18 (group 5) hours (N = 20, n = 4). Investigation of the microstructure and morphometric measurements were carried out on preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Myopathic changes in muscle tissue were assessed using a semi-quantitative method developed earlier. All studied samples were characterized by the uniform condition of muscle tissue. Statistically significant differences between individual groups were observed regarding the number and area of giant fibers, sarcomere length, diameter of muscle fibers and proportion of muscle fibers, which diameter was lower or higher by 1/3 than the mean fiber diameter. An increase in the pre-slaughter holding time reduced the number and area of giant fibers (r = –0.8437 and –0.5796, respectively), as well as the diameter of “normal” fibers (r = –0.5337), which positively influenced pork quality. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were characterized by the presence of signs of moderate and pronounced myopathy. Only one carcass with pronounced myopathic signs was revealed in each of groups 4 and 5. In group 4, one carcass did not have signs of myopathy. Pre-slaughter holding during 4, 8 and 10 hours led to deterioration of pork quality. The recommended fasting time is 16 hours.

Phospholipids are a kind of “solvents” of cholesterol and show a hepatoprotective effect. Also, phospholipids regulate fat and carbohydrate metabolism, improve the functional activity of the liver and its detoxification function. The study aims to study the impact of different doses of phos-pholipid lecithin preparation on economically useful indicators, meat productivity, nutritional value and environmental safety of quail meat at a subtoxic dose of nitrates in their compound feed. This article presents materials that indicate the feasibility of introducing phospholipid preparation of lecithin in the amount of 1.0 % by weight of feed under the presence of a sub-toxic dose of nitrates in the compound feed quail grown for meat. This introduction of phospholipid preparation of lecithin increases the preservation of livestock, body weight gain and reduces the cost of feed per unit gain. Poultry of the 2nd experimental group had an advantage over their control counterparts in preservation rate by 4.0 % and average daily growth by 9.50 % (P<0.05). The authors observed the benefit over the control samples in the concentration of dry substances by 0.98 and 0.99 %, protein by 0.98 and 0.97 % (P<0.05) in the examples of thigh and breast muscles of the poultry of the 2nd experimental group. The value of the protein-quality index (PQI) was higher by 13,55 % (P<0,05) in the samples of white meat from poultry carcasses of the 2nd experimental group as compared with the control counterparts. Also, the examples of poultry meat of the 2nd experimental group had better sanitary and hygienic characteristics. For instance, they had 36.83 % lower nitrate content (P<0.05) and 40.91 % lower nitrites content (P<0.05). This content indicates high denitrifying properties of phospholipid lecithin.

Для уточнения эффективности скармливания бифидосодержащей кормовой пробиотической добавки молодняку крупного рогатого скота был организован научно-хозяйственный эксперимент в опытно-экспериментальном хозяй- стве Московского региона и в научных подразделениях Федерального государственного бюджетного научного уч- реждения. Новорожденные телята были распределены на 2 группы по 13 голов с учетом живой массы. Изучаемая пробиотическая бифидосодержащая кормовая добавка включала в себя лиофилизированную микробную массу жи- вых антагонистически активных бактерий вида Bifidobacterium bifidum (не менее 1×109 КОЕ/мл бифидобактерий). Скармливание добавки осуществлялось в количестве 10 мл на 1 голову в сутки молодняку опытной группы и спо- собствовало увеличению среднесуточных приростов живой массы на 14,9% по отношению к контрольной группе. Установлено, что с момента рождения до 3-месячного возраста ее использование способствовало 100% сохранности телят, тогда как в контроле этот показатель составил 92,3%. Включение в рацион телят молочного периода про- биотика обеспечило оптимальный гомеостатический и гематологический фон при улучшении морфологических и биохимических показателей крови. Показатели иммунитета, в том числе лизоцимная и бактерицидная активности были выше по отношению к контролю на 11,8 и 4,23% соответственно. Включение в рацион телят бифидодобавки обеспечивало рост лакто- и бифидобактерий в кишечнике животных, соответственно на 10,9 и 8,5%, на фоне по- давления нежелательной микрофлоры. Таким образом, скармливание с первых дней жизни бифидосодержащей добавки телятам способствует повышению у них защитных свойств, профилактирует заболеваемость, что ведет к улучшению зоотехнических показателей производства. To clarify the effectiveness of feeding probiotic bifid-containing feed probiotic additives to young cattle, a scientific and economic experiment was organized in the experimental farm of the Moscow region, and in the scientific divisions of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Newborn calves were divided into 2 groups of 13 heads, taking into account the live weight. The probiotic bifid-containing feed additive under study contained a lyophilized microbial mass of live antagonistically active bacteria of the Bifidobacterium bifidum species (at least 1×109 CFU / ml of bifidobacteria). Feeding of the supplement was carried out in an amount of 10 ml per 1 head per day to young animals of the experimental group and contributed to an increase in the average daily gain of live weight by 14.9% compared to the control group. It was found that from the moment of birth to 3 months of age, the use contributed to 100% of the safety of calves, while in the control this indicator was 92.3%. The inclusion of probiotic in the diet of calves of the dairy period provided an optimal homeostatic and hematological background while improving the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood. The indicators of immunity, including lysozyme and bactericidal activity, were higher in relation to the control by 11.8 and 4.23%, respectively. The inclusion of bifid supplements in the calves ' diet ensured the growth of lacto-and bifidobacteria in the intestines of animals, respectively, by 10.9 and 8.5%, against the background of suppression of undesirable microflora. Thus, feeding bifid-containing additives to calves from the first days of life increases their protective properties, prevents morbidity, which leads to an improvement in zootechnical production indicators.

The research aims to study broilers meat productivity and enzymatic activity of enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract when preparations mold inhibitor Myco Curb at a dose of 1 kg/t feed + adsorbent ALNI-SORB at a dose of 2 kg/t feed are introduced into diets with a tolerant level of aflatoxin B-1. The object of research was broilers of cross "Smena-8", which at day old by the analogue scale were divided into 4 groups of 100 birds each. The period of growing chickens lasted 42 days. As established in the course of the experiment, due to the combined feeding of preparations of a mold inhibitor and an adsorbent in broilers of the Test 3 group relative to poultry of the control group, a statistically significant increase in the activity of enzymes of proteinases, cellulases and amylases in the muscular stomach and duodenum was observed. These data indicate an improvement in digestion processes under the influence of these drugs due to better detoxification of aflatoxins. The best influence on the slaughter performance and consumer properties of poultry meat from Test group 3 was provided by joint additives of tested preparations, which manifested itself against the control in a significant (P>0.95).) an increase in the carcass weight of a half-carcass by 14.7% and gutted - by 13.7%, a slaughter yield by 1.6%, as well as an increase in the mass fraction of dry matter, proteins and an indicator of the biological value of meat in the samples of the pectoral and femoral muscles.

Methods for assessing krimmer lamb productivity, constitutional and reproductive characteristics used in Karakul sheep breeding have been studied. It has been established that there are several dozens of krimmer breeds, except karakul, as well as crossbreeds with them, from which karakul is also obtained in the world. Sheep selection of these breeds differs significantly from selection of other breeds by the fact that decisions on animal production purpose are made as soon as this animal is born. The selection is carried out according to a large number of characteristics, mainly parameters of krimmer lamb skin quality. Such techniques are numerous and have certain differences in different breeds and different countries, however, there are also common properties. Most of the selection parameters are determined subjectively, and the only decision is made - whether to leave the lamb for breeding or to remove the krimmer. Obviously, a method is needed which includes all the selected traits and it would be expressed in one complex parameter. In the course of this study, a new, suitable for automation method for increasing the objectivity of phenotype assessing of Karakul sheep by a complex of traits was designed and described. Specifically, a special card is proposed and shown in the appendix, which facilitates the collection of individual data from a newborn lamb and their processing using spreadsheet application. From our own observations and production experience, the practicability of obtaining marketable milk from krimmer sheep, free from suckling lambs, is shown. Folk traditions of improving sheep milk yield that exist in sheep-breeding countries are described. Examples of successful use of Romanov sheep on karakul ewes and creation of multiparous karakul on their basis are shown.