The formation of metal-bearing coalfields of the Raichikhinskoe deposit in the conjugation zone of distributive provinces of the Bureya uplift and coal-accumulation areas of the Zeya–Bureya sedimentary basin was studied. It was established that it occurred under conditions of the successive extraction of ore components from weathering crusts of the Bureya uplift, transportation, and unloading in the paleodelta of the Bureya River. These processes proceeded synchronously with volcanic activity in the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt, which is associated with the supply of volcanic ash. The association of these events made it possible to distinguish two types of enrichment of the Raichikha coals in rare earth elements and yttrium (REY): terrigenous with the supply of REY by surface waters and combined terrigenous volcanogenic associated with the shedding and leaching of acidic and alkaline volcanic ash. The cerium group lanthanides predominate in coals and their combustion products. The largest fraction of REY was contained in fly ash (0.11% on a total weight basis). The mechanisms of accumulation of ore components at the stage of peat deposits are considered from the standpoint of the localization of trace ore components as clastogenic mineral forms and under the conditions of interaction of ore solutions with the organic environment of peat bogs. The quality of REY was assessed, and the most enriched sections of the Verkhnii layer were identified. Prospects for the extraction of lanthanides from coal are considered from the standpoint of the possible recovery of a number of rare, nonferrous, and noble metals in this process.

The formation of metal-bearing coalfields of the Raichikhinskoe deposit in the conjugation zone of distributive provinces of the Bureya uplift and coal-accumulation areas of the Zeya–Bureya sedimentary basin was studied. It was established that it occurred under conditions of the successive extraction of ore components from weathering crusts of the Bureya uplift, transportation, and unloading in the paleodelta of the Bureya River. These processes proceeded synchronously with volcanic activity in the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt, which is associated with the supply of volcanic ash. The association of these events made it possible to distinguish two types of enrichment of the Raichikha coals in rare earth elements and yttrium (REY): terrigenous with the supply of REY by surface waters and combined terrigenous volcanogenic associated with the shedding and leaching of acidic and alkaline volcanic ash. The cerium group lanthanides predominate in coals and their combustion products. The largest fraction of REY was contained in fly ash (0.11% on a total weight basis). The mechanisms of accumulation of ore components at the stage of peat deposits are considered from the standpoint of the localization of trace ore components as clastogenic mineral forms and under the conditions of interaction of ore solutions with the organic environment of peat bogs. The quality of REY was assessed, and the most enriched sections of the Verkhnii layer were identified. Prospects for the extraction of lanthanides from coal are considered from the standpoint of the possible recovery of a number of rare, nonferrous, and noble metals in this process.

The formation conditions of the Paleogene–Neogene metalliferous coals have been studied under conditions of activated tectonic movements in the junction zone of the Turan Block and Zeya–Bureya Basin. A keyboard structure of the block hosting the Selemdzha–Tom and Arkhara grabens, which are divided by the Bureya Horst limited by a systems of NE-trending strike-slip faults, has been established. It is shown that the most favorable conditions for the accumulation of ore trace elements in coals were provided by submerged areas of the block due to erosion of the Late Cretaceous ore-bearing chemical weathering mantles. Trace elements migrated via a paleohydronetwork, which drained the grabens and adjacent sedimentation troughs of the eastern margin of the Zeya–Bureya Basin. The ore material was transported to the areas of coal accumulation mostly in the dissolved and clastic forms, which is evident from the similar elemental composition of coals of the Zeya–Bureya Basin and geochemical anomalies of the Turan Block.

The conditions for the formation of Paleogene-Neogene metalliferous coals in a setting of tectonic movement intensification in the zone of junction between the Turan massif and Zeya-Bureya basin have been studied. The massif with the Selemdzha-Tomsk and Arkhara grabens separated by the Bureya horst and bounded by the systems of northeastern strike-slip faults was found to have a keyboard structure. The research showed that the most favorable conditions for the ore microcomponent accumulation in coals through the erosion of the Late Cretaceous ore-bearing chemical residue were within the submerged blocks of the massif. The paleodrainage system carrying microcomponents drained the grabens and the associated sedimentary sub-basins of the Zeya-Bureya basin eastern margin. Ore components were transported mainly in solution and as solid clasts to the areas of coal accumulation as evidenced by the resemblance of the elementary composition of coals in the Zeya-Bureya basin and geochemical anomalies of the Turan massif.

The paper considers the possibility of reducing the use of crude ore for metal product by using aluminothermy, which facilitates effective integrated processing of metal waste generated by engineering and metallurgy facilities in the form of mill scale, ferrous and non-ferrous metal swarf with simultaneous castings production. The paper studies the impact patterns of thermite components ratios on the parameters of extracting chemical elements from the source components, metal phase output and its chemical composition. The possible applications for experimental alloys resulting from controlled exothermic reactions are determined for supplying castings and melting stock to blank production for mechanical engineering facilities.

The test results of pre-deformed tubular samples at various values of preliminary deformation are presented. The article describes the chamber of the apparatus, which makes it possible to test tubular samples under conditions of plane and volumetric stress states. Curves built on test results of samples with different levels of preliminary plastic deformation are presented, as well as the test results of samples deformed by the ray α = 0.5. The experiments make it possible to determine the value of the ultimate uniform deformation after preliminary deformation or on the final segment of the multi-link loading path.

Abstract The production of aluminothermic alloys is accompanied by high temperatures of the reaction products, the control of which is difficult both by direct and indirect methods. Filling the metal into the mould without controlling the casting temperature provides a high gradient between the metal and the mould, which leads to the formation of quenching structures and, in some cases, structural heterogeneity of the blanks. To reduce the temperature of the reaction products, an introduction to the composition of mixtures of inert additives, which determine the change in the chemical composition of the alloys, is used. The removal of high internal stresses and the ordering of the structures of the experimental samples are carried out by using homogenizing annealing. Moreover, in typical structure characteristics of cast blanks, transformations occur, as well as the diffusion of individual chemical elements throughout the blank volume. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the procedure of homogenizing annealing on the formation of the structure and physical and mechanical properties of aluminothermic cast blanks. This paper presents the results of the study of the effect of homogenizing annealing on the formation of a structure in iron-carbon alloy castings. Iron-carbon alloys were produced by means of a new casting technology – aluminothermy.

This paperwork presents the results of a series of experiments on the use of homogenizing annealing, aimed at the possibility to control the structure and properties of steel samples obtained by aluminothermy. This method of processing, in some cases, allows to eliminate the need to use subsequent heat treatment operations due to the achievement of the required properties by the cast blank material. Refractory materials and thermite mixtures used, conditions for the production of castings and their total chemical composition are given. The tensile diagram analysis of the samples before and after heat treatment is presented; the structures and diffraction patterns of the samples’ destruction spots are considered. The material obtained by aluminothermy corresponds in its chemical composition to A1, A2, A3, A4 grade of steels for the rail transport according to GOST 31334-2007 which are used in the manufacture of locomotive axes and other rolling stock.

The paperwork considers the possibility to control the properties of the obtained experimental alloys, and also to ensure the reduction of the interaction between the resulting reaction products and materials of refractory equipment by adding filler materials to iron-aluminum thermite. There have been revealed regularities of the metal yield and the content of impurity chemical elements in the alloy composition depending on the quantity of input fillers. The analysis of the structure has been done, and hardness of the test items has been determined. The obtained experimental alloys with addition of various quantity of filler materials, according to the current standards, in chemical composition correspond to the steel grades which have been determined.

Aluminothenny, as a method of casting production, under current conditions of shortage of charge materials and high cost of energy resources, is a promising line of development, which contributes to a significant reduction in energy costs, as well as the introduction of affordable low-cost metal waste from the industrial complex into the production cycle and efficient processing. One of the important tasks in this case is to ensure guaranteed compliance of the chemical composition of the obtained alloys with the required ranges of element content in accordance with current regulatory documents. The chemical composition, crystallization, and cooling conditions of castings in the mold determine the appearance of structural components specifying the formation of the properties of east blanks. Obtaining of castings with a structure that does not need further adjustments after casting operations helps to reduce the time of the technological cycle, and it is an important practical task. The properties of castings obtained by aluminothenny can be controlled by varying different factors, in particular, by the preliminary temperature of the thermite compositions. A change in this parameter directly determines the thermal effect of the reaction, the intensity of its passage, the temperature and the yield of the resulting phases of the metal, slag, and gas, which allows using identical mixtures and observing other equal conditions to obtain castings with a diverse chemical composition, structure, and, therefore, properties. The study has found that the content of the main elements in the experimental alloys ranges as follows: C = 1.32-1.66%; Mn = 0.62-0.91%; Si = 0.70-0.80%; Al = 4.04-5.29%. In this case, the structures are characterized by the occurrence of pearlite, lamellar martensite, residual austenite, graphite, and the hardness of the samples studied ranges between 440 and 641 HBW.

Distribution of noble metals, rare metals and rare earth elements in the Paleocene and Lower-Middle Miocene coals of Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin was analyzed. Reconstruction of the basin formation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic was performed with detailed paleogeographic analysis of the Cenozoic coal-bearing sequences from the position of geodynamic features of the adjacent regions development. Geological events at the turn of the Cretaceous and Paleogene are considered. Comprehensive analysis of the metal content in the basin frame carried out. We described conditions of migration and localization of trace elements. Given conditions arose mainly in the process of geodynamics developed on the northwestern flank of the Zeya-Bureya basin including the static orogens in the Paleocene — Miocene where the sedimentation was actively expanding. Microelements migration with capturing denudation plains occurred in stable processes of peat accumulation and localization of economically important components in streams associated with plains. Contrasting forms of conjugation in the flexure-uplift system and uneven localization of microelements are determined by high level of geodynamic activity on the south-eastern margin of Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin. The presence of gold throughout the strata of the Paleocene and Lower-Middle Miocen coal-bearing sediments in the Sergeevskoe, Yerkovetskoe and Raychikhinskoe deposits is established. The Sergeevskoe deposit coals are enriched with Be, Sc, V, Ga, Rb, Nb, Ta, REE + Y.

The modern geodynamic transformations of the Amur geoblock are related to the activation of pull-apart–strike-slip and simple strike-slip movements. These movements resulted in the formation of destruction zones along ancient transregional fault systems (Nenjiang–Selemdzha, Lermontovka–Belogorsk, West Turan, Khingan, Tan Lu, and others) and young NW- and WE-trending fractures with distinctly expressed shearing displacements. These processes are fixed by earthquakes, focal magmatism, pulsed degassing of the Earth’s interior, and fluid discharge. High-permeability structures confined to the juncture of the destruction zones and young fractures served as the deep degassing drainage systems. These structures are traced by decompaction fields and anomalies of He and other gases. The most contrasting Varvarovka anomaly is located in the northeastern flank of the Yerkovtsy brown coal deposit. The paleogene coal-bearing rocks studied in the Yuzhny quarry within this deposit are characterized by high contents of noble, rare metals, and rare-earth elements, which frequently exceed their average abundances by ten orders of magnitude. Based on assay analysis, the Au content in the coals varies from trace amounts to 4.6 ppm.

The results of long-term studies of the neotectonic processes and related phenomena such as the Earth's interior degassing, the fluid discharge, and the high seismicity in the zone of interaction between the Amur and Okhotsk lithospheric plates at the transition between the Verkhnii and Srednii Amur regions were used for defining the separate structural blocks with different geodynamics and analyzing their relations with the seismic events during the periods of high seismic activity and quiescence. The heliometric and atmochemical studies in the Zeya-Bureya basin revealed zones of high permeability. Long-term observations of the fluid dynamics at the Konstantinovka mineral water deposit demonstrate a correlation between the variations in the water-soluble helium contents and the changes in the stress-deformed state of the blocks located up to 200 km away from regime observation sites.