Innovative practical ability is the comprehensive ability of students to propose,analyze,and solve problems,which is not only the key to cultivate innovative talents,but also an important content of current university education and teaching.As an important course to implement the fundamental task of building morality and cultivating talents,the ideological and political courses shoulder the important mission of training reliable successors for the Party and cultivating qualified builders for the country.In the process of students'growth,it plays an important role in knowledge imparting,values guidance,and personality cultivation,and is the key position for cultivating innovative talents.On the basis of discussing the concept of innovative practical ability,this paper analyzes the value of the concept of"great ideological and political education"to the cultivation of university students'innovative practical ability,and explores the realistic path of the integration of university students'innovative practical ability into the current ideological and political courses under the pattern of"great ideological and political education".

本研究将探讨在物质主义、个体主义等冲击下的新时代大学生是通过追求享乐还是追求实现来获得幸福的.部分大学生存在人际关系淡化、过于关注自我、功利化等问题,培养大学生利他主义是维系学生间和谐关系的重要途径.因此,本研究还将探讨不同的幸福观会对大学生利他主义培养产生何种影响,并提出对策建议.综上,高校思想政治教育工作中需要确立幸福观教育的地位,指导大学生树立正确的幸福观,提高获得幸福的能力.

中华优秀传统文化作为中华民族世代传承积累的以民族思维方式、价值观念、伦理道德以及行为规范表现形式的文化体系,是一种对我国社会道德起模范规定的精神文明,是高校进行社会主义核心价值观和文化自信教育的资源支撑和深厚沃土.

大学生是志愿服务活动的主要参与者,高校新生作为大学生群体的重要组成部分,探究其志愿精神现状存在的问题并提出培育对策具有重要的现实意义.采用量化研究和质性研究相结合的混合研究方法对高校新生的志愿精神现状进行调查研究,结果发现,高校新生的志愿精神在认知、情感方面表现良好,但行为倾向性缺乏.需要提升家庭教育功能、打造特色家庭志愿模式,促进思想政治工作与心理健康教育协同发展,从学生认知、情感、行为三个方面对其志愿精神进行引导和干预.为促进高校新生志愿精神培育工作的开展,必须坚持社会主义核心价值观教育,形成系统的志愿文化和崇德向善的社会价值导向,推动高校新生志愿精神培育模式的创新.

目的:探讨利他意愿(包括捐款意愿和志愿服务意愿)对大学生负性情绪的调节作用、作用机制及性别差异.方法:被试作答前测情绪题目后,通过阅读材料诱发其负性情绪;然后乐捐组被试作答捐款意愿题目,志工组被试作答志愿服务意愿题目,控制组被试不作答题目;最后3组被试均完成后测情绪题目、基本心理需要满足量表、自尊量表、积极情绪和消极情绪量表.结果:①阅读《关爱受伤天使》材料成功诱发了被试的负性情绪(F=16.41,P＜0.001);捐款意愿和志愿服务意愿显著调节了被试的负性情绪(F=10.57,P＜0.01;F=5.63,P＜0.05);②乐捐组和志工组被试的自尊和积极情绪水平显著高于控制组被试(F=8.75,P＜0.001;F=5.10,P＜0.01),乐捐组被试的关系性需要满足水平显著高于控制组被试(F=5.58,P＜0.01)、消极情绪水平显著低于控制组被试(F=2.55,P＜0.05);③关系性需要满足和自尊在捐款意愿与积极情绪之间的中介作用显著(Effect=0.05,SE=0.02,95％CI=[0.02,0.09];Effect=0.07,SE=0.02,95％CI=[0.03,0.11]),且自尊在志愿服务意愿与积极情绪之间的中介作用显著(Effect=0.26,SE=0.07,95％CI=[0.12,0.41]);④捐款意愿对消极情绪的预测、关系性需要满足和自尊在捐款意愿与积极和消极情绪之间的中介作用、自尊在志愿服务意愿与积极情绪之间的中介作用存在显著的性别差异.结论:利他意愿对大学生的负性情绪具有调节作用,关系性需要满足和自尊在其中起中介作用,上述作用机制存在显著的性别差异.

Studying in universities is a crucial development stage for students, whose thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by interactions with their teachers and peers. This study explored the relationships between perceived teacher support and mental health as well as those between peer relationship and mental health among university students, and examined the mediating effects of reality and Internet altruistic behaviors on these relationships. Perceived teacher support questionnaire, peer relationship satisfaction questionnaire, self-reported altruism questionnaire, Internet altruistic behavior questionnaire, and general health questionnaire were administered to 553 university students. Results demonstrated that perceived teacher support and peer relationship positively predicted reality and Internet altruistic behaviors and positively predicted mental health. Reality and Internet altruistic behaviors positively predicted mental health and exerted significant mediating effects on the correlations between perceived teacher support and mental health as well as those between peer relationship and mental health. The male and female students differed insignificantly in the mediating effects of reality and Internet altruistic behaviors. Therefore, no matter for males or females, teachers should provide sufficient support for the students and establish favorable relationships with them. Friendly relationships, comfort, and active communication among peer students are also essential for creating a healthy and harmonious interaction environment. Those various factors of the school have impacts on the mental health of university students through their altruistic behaviors. This study suggests that further emphasis on teacher support and peer relationship is needed to promote the positive development of altruistic behaviors among university students, and ultimately provide a viable contribution to the university students' mental health interventions.

BACKGROUND:According to the ecological systems theory, the microsystems are important during the development process because they have direct effects on immediate and proximal factors that shape human development. The theory identifies the family as a microsystem that has profound influence on development since it is the immediate environment in which individuals live. This study explored the multiple mediation effect of perfectionism and altruistic behavior on the association between perceived parenting styles and mental health.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, convenience cluster sampling was used, and the purpose was empirically examined by means of an online questionnaire survey. This study adopted the Demographic Questionnaire, short-form Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Self-Reported Altruism Scale, and General Health Questionnaire to conduct measurements in 525 university students.RESULTS:The results of the correlation analysis revealed that perceived parenting styles were significantly correlated to perfectionism, altruistic behavior, and mental health. In addition, perfectionism and altruistic behavior were significantly correlated to mental health, while negative perfectionism was not correlated to altruistic behavior. The results of the structural equation model analysis indicated that parental rejection and emotional warmth had direct and significant effects on children's mental health. Positive perfectionism and altruistic behavior not only played partial mediating roles between parental emotional warmth and children's mental health but also exerted a chain multiple mediation effect. Altruistic behavior played a partial mediating role between positive perfectionism and mental health.CONCLUSION:Therefore, parents should practice positive parenting styles such as parental emotional warmth toward their children to ensure that positive perfectionism and altruistic behavioral tendency improve mental health.

We linked self-determination theory and prosociality, and explored the mediating role of three dimensions of basic psychological needs satisfaction, namely, competence, autonomy, and relatedness, in the relationship between prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being. We explored these relationships using a cross-sectional research design with 1,106 Chinese adults. Results show that the public prosocial tendencies of men (vs. women) were higher, and competence, autonomy, and relatedness mediated the positive relationship between prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being. The indirect effect of relatedness was stronger than those of competence and autonomy, demonstrating the importance of relatedness in a collectivistic society like China. Our findings deepen understanding of the underlying mechanisms between prosociality and subjective well-being as mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction, and may encourage people to engage in prosocial behavior.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stressed the necessity to “keep up with people's ever-growing needs for a better life. We will continue to promote social fairness and justice, develop effective social governance, and maintain public order. With this we should see that our people will always have a strong sense of gain, happiness, and sense of security.” In this study, 646 university students were surveyed using the Demographic Questionnaire, Sense of Gain Scale, Sense of Security Scale, Orientations to Happiness Scale, and Prosocial Behavior Tendencies Scale to explore the relationships among sense of gain, sense of security and happiness (including meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness), and to discuss methods for enhancing them on the basis of prosocial behaviors. The results revealed that (1) sense of gain had significant positive correlations with meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness but a significant negative correlation with sense of security. Sense of security did not have a significant correlation with the three types of happiness. Prosocial behaviors had significant positive correlations with sense of gain and the three types of happiness but shared no significant correlation with sense of security. (2) Sense of gain significantly and positively predicted meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness, whereas the interaction between sense of security and sense of gain did not yield a significant prediction for the three types of happiness. Prosocial behaviors significantly and positively predicted sense of gain and the three types of happiness. (3) Sense of gain had mediating effects on the relationships between prosocial behaviors and meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness, whereas sense of security did not have a moderating effect on the relationships between sense of gain and the three types of happiness. Prosocial behaviors directly affect meaning, pleasure, and engagement happiness and can indirectly influence happiness through enhancing a sense of gain. The implementation of prosocial behaviors can not only provide help for others, but also promote the self-satisfaction of the behavior agents and help them get more happiness.

目的:探讨诱发情绪时情绪反应对状态共情与助人行为的影响,以及状态共情在诱发情绪时情绪反应与助人行为之间的中介作用.方法:通过视频诱发情绪,采用情绪自评问卷、共情反应量表、同伴评定量表和助人行为题目对98名大学生进行测量.结果:①通过视频诱发情绪有效,观看正性电影的个体其积极情绪反应显著高于观看负性电影的个体(F=24.17,P＜0.001),其负性情绪反应显著低于观看负性电影的个体(F=93.36,P＜0.001);②诱发情绪时情绪反应得分与状态共情呈显著正相关(P＜0.001),与助人时间呈边缘显著负相关(P＜0.08),与助人金钱相关不显著;③诱发情绪时情绪反应正向预测状态共情(β=10.80,P＜0.001),负向预测助人时间(β=-0.64,P＜0.05).状态共情在诱发情绪时情绪反应与助人行为之间的中介作用不显著.结论:个体消极情绪水平越高,越容易引起共情;个体积极情绪水平越高,越愿意花费时间帮助他人.状态共情在诱发情绪时情绪反应与助人行为之间不起中介作用.

目的:探讨集体主义对助人行为和活力的影响,以及基本心理需要满足在集体主义与助人行为和活力之间的中介作用.方法:采用自我构念量表、基本心理需要量表、主观活力量表和助人行为测量题目对432名大学生进行测查.结果:①相关分析显示,集体主义与基本心理需要满足和助人意愿、助人时间、助人金钱及活力呈显著正相关(r=0.28,0.17,0.18,0.12,0.19;P＜0.01),基本心理需要满足与助人意愿、助人时间、助人金钱及活力呈显著正相关(r=0.12,0.19,0.09,0.44;P＜0.05);②结构方程模型分析表明,集体主义可以显著正向预测基本心理需要满足(β=0.33,P＜0.001)和助人意愿、助人时间及助人金钱(β=0.14,P＜0.01;β=0.12,P＜0.05;β=0.09,P＜0.05),但不能显著预测活力(β=0.02,P＞0.05).基本心理需要满足可以显著正向预测助人时间和活力(β=0.18,P＜0.01 ;β=0.52,P＜0.001);③基本心理需要满足在集体主义与助人时间和活力之间的中介作用显著(Effect=0.11,SE=0.04,95％ CI=[0.04,0.19];Effect=0.22,SE=0.04,CI=[0.15,0.30]).结论:集体主义既可以直接预测助人意愿、助人时间、助人金钱及活力,还可以通过基本心理需要满足间接预测助人时间和活力.

The predictive value of pro-social behavior on children's psycho-social and civic development has been well documented by previous literature. But in Chinese schools children's pro-social development is still undervalued. This study was designed to investigate the potential benefits of pro-social behavior on Chinese children's academic achievement. With 456 primary school students as participants, we examined the value of pro-social behavior on children's academic outcomes and the mediating mechanism. Data was obtained from various sources (self-report, peer-rating, peer nomination, and cognitive tests). The results showed that Chinese children's pro-social behavior, regardless of self-reported or peer-rated, positively predicted their academic achievement, and peer acceptance played a mediating role in the pathway. These findings highlighted the importance of children's pro-social behavior in building positive relationships with peers and facilitating academic achievement. Chinese educators are suggested to put more weight on cultivating children's pro-social behavior that is beneficial for children's psychological and social well-being.

Parenting styles are critical for fostering children's empathy and prosociality. Yet these relations haven't been well established for Chinese children, and the underlying mechanisms were seldom explored. Drawing upon parental acceptance-rejection theory and empathy-altruism hypothesis, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between perceived parenting styles and altruistic behavior of children, and the intervening role of children's empathy and the moderating role of in-group and out-group conditions. What is novel about this study is that it contains both survey data and experimental data. Four hundred and ninety-four children (Mage = 8.92 years) completed four simple binary-choice dictator games which are widely used in the study of other-regarding preferences (concerns for the interests of others). These children also reported their perceived parenting styles. And children's empathy was reported by their mothers. Each child's altruism score, which was used in the subsequent analyses, was derived from the altruistic choices in these games. Mediation analyses indicated that, when age and gender were controlled for, maternal and paternal emotional warmth were positively associated with children's altruism via children's empathy, while maternal and paternal rejection were negatively associated with children's altruism via children's empathy. Multi-group analyses showed that the influences of perceived parenting styles on children's altruistic behavior via children's empathy were consistent for in-group and out-group conditions. These findings suggest that enhancing parental emotional warmth and reducing parental rejection may foster children's empathy, which in turn promote children's altruism. Limitations and future directions of this study were also discussed.

The motivation for voluntary social service has been identified as altruism. This study aimed to establish the relationship between altruism and well-being in Chinese college students at the undergraduate level. To better understand altruism, two groups were selected, one that used self-reporting and another related to the perception of peers. Self-reported altruism and self-reported decisions to help in real-life situations were measured in the first sample (N-1 = 525); peer-rated altruism was measured in the second sample (N-2 = 189). The results showed (when socially desirable responding was controlled) (1) self-reported altruism and self-reported decisions to help exerted significant direct effects on well-being, while peer-rated altruism did not; (2) self-esteem mediated the effects of self-reported altruism, self-reported decisions to help, and peer-rated altruism on well-being; (3) family socioeconomic status moderated the effects of self-reported altruism on well-being via self-esteem; college students with low family socioeconomic status were more likely to reap benefits from altruism. These findings confirm the emotion-elevating effects of altruism in collectivistic societies like China, which may encourage more people to engage in voluntary social service. Future research should adopt longitudinal or experimental designs with a more nationally representative sample to better confirm these findings.

利他行为通常指降低自身生存适合度以帮助其他个体的行为,但来自外在和内在的回报却使这一行为被自然选择保留下来.从外在回报看,亲缘选择和性选择两个机制使利他者得到了更大的繁殖利益,直接、间接互惠及群体选择过程则让利他者得到了生存利益.从内在回报看,利他行为能催生积极情绪,积极情绪则进一步促进了利他者的心理健康和身体健康.进化心理学、积极心理学、动机的自我决定理论都能在一定程度上解释利他行为得到内在回报的理论机制,生理学和神经生理学的研究则能为这种机制提供生物学上的解释.利他行为是提高个体生命质量,提升人生意义感和价值感的有效方法.未来研究者应关注利他回报机制的文化差异,利他负担及可能的调节变量等.

Human's preferences for altruistic mates have been confirmed by many researchers. Under the deep influence of Confucianism that authorised more parental control over offspring's mate selection, Chinese people's mating strategies and mate preferences may be different from what the evolutionary psychologists have suggested. This study used the Q-sort technique to assess the roles of altruistic traits in mate selection and personal advertisement. A total of 200 university students participated in the Q-sort procedures and were asked to sort 50 traits (among which altruistic traits were mixed) according to their importance when choosing (or advertising to) a long-term (LT) or a short-term (ST) mate. Our findings were quite different from prior studies. When Chinese participants chose a mate or advertised themselves to a potential mate, kin altruism was considered to be the most important trait; altruistic traits were more preferred by males than by females and females tended to advertise themselves as more altruistic; preferences for altruistic traits showed no difference between LT and ST mate selections (or between personal advertisement to a LT and a ST mate).