Relevance. Nuclear power plants are large high-tech enterprises containing a large amount of equipment, complex energy conversion processes and information and control systems. The control sequences described in the regulations at nuclear power plants take the form of paper-oriented or computer-oriented procedures. The use of computer-oriented procedures makes it possible to create operational personnel support systems that increase reliability and reduce the burden on operational personnel when performing complex operations. An important requirement for operational personnel support systems used at nuclear power plants is to ensure fault tolerance. In the event of a failure in a critical application system, the operator must have reliable information on how much the failure affects the system's performance and whether the system is able to perform its functions, that is, to assess its functional stability. To do this, it is necessary not only to state the fact of failure, but also to form a numerical assessment of the level of functional stability on the appropriate scale. Object of research: the process of functional stability of elements of a computer-oriented procedure as part of the information system for supporting operational personnel of a nuclear power plant. Purpose of the article: development of a method for numerical assessment of the functional stability of elements of an information system for supporting operational personnel of a nuclear power plant. Results of the study. The assessment of the operability of components of a computer-oriented procedure as part of the system for supporting operational personnel of a nuclear power plant is considered. The use of functional stability indicators as numerical evaluation criteria is proposed. A method for calculating the maximum, current and critical levels of functional stability is proposed. Conclusions. This method differs from known diagnostic methods not only by assessing the fact of the presence of a failure, but also by determining a quantitative assessment of the system's ability to perform its functions. The proposed method can be used to diagnose components of critical information systems that receive information from redundant and diversified data sources.

В статті розроблено правила виявлення звукового випадкового сигналу повітряної цілі на основі методу відношення правдоподібності при одно та двох базовій системі прийому. Враховано нестаціонарність корисних сигналів та завад. Представлено аналітичні вирази для проведення розрахунків. За запропонованими правилами виявлення сформовано схеми виявлення звукового сигналу повітряної цілі при одно та двох базовому прийомі з урахуванням рівнів порогу. Наведено приклади розроблених схем.

This study considers methods for enhancing the fault tolerance of input information in the software of nuclear power plant operator support systems, focusing on approaches based on redundancy and multi-version technologies. A model of input data paths for the operator support system of a nuclear power plant power unit has been developed. This model differs from existing ones by including multi-version technology indicators. A method for selecting fault tolerant input data sources for the operator support system of a nuclear power plant is proposed. The method accounts for the independence of input data paths and the predicted intensity of common-cause failures. To implement this prediction, two methods for estimating multi-version configurations have been developed and compared. The proposed methods can be applied to enhance the fault tolerance of input data during the design of safety-critical control and information systems. The aim of this study is to increase the fault tolerance of operator support software while acquiring information about technological parameters essential to power unit control procedures.

Cryptocurrencies have introduced a transformative paradigm in financial technology, challenging traditional financial structures and creating novel transactional frameworks. With the rapid expansion of the cryptocurrency market, the need for objective assessment and comparative analysis of leading digital assets has become increasingly pertinent. This study presents a detailed, data-driven evaluation of five prominent cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT), USD Coin, and Lido Staked Ether (STETH). Drawing on an extensive dataset sourced from IntoTheBlock, a leading platform for cryptocurrency analytics, we assess these cryptocurrencies based on selected efficiency indicators. Our research methodology encompasses a systematic exploration of financial and network metrics, including market capitalization, volatility, daily active addresses, and transaction statistics. The results provide nuanced insights into the relative performance of these assets, identifying Bitcoin as the most efficient based on the selected criteria. This work emphasizes the significance of empirical, data-centric methodologies, eschewing subjective judgments, to deliver actionable insights for investors, policymakers, and scholars in the domain of decentralized finance.

This article develops a logical-structural model of a computer-oriented procedure for normal operation and elimination of violations for the support system for NPP operational personnel. The purpose of this study is to create a model of a computer-oriented procedure, the data structures of which will comply with technological regulations and instructions for NPP operational personnel and contain information about the relationship between states and steps of procedures. The object of the study is the process of forming computer-oriented procedures for controlling a NPP power unit. The subject of the study is logical-structural models of computer-oriented procedures and methods for identifying states and steps of procedure execution based on production rules. The following tasks were solved in this study: the data structure of the computer-oriented procedure model was developed, which complies with current regulations and instructions; a logical-structural model of a computer-oriented procedure was created, which will be used to create support systems for NPP operational personnel; A method for identifying the conditions for entering the procedure and performing its steps has been developed. The model is designed to solve the problem of maintaining relevance, early identification of the states of the power unit and its equipment, ensuring the possibility of obtaining information about the state of technological parameters with the required level of reliability and accuracy. The proposed model can be used to create support systems for operational personnel managing complex technological facilities using specific procedures and instructions.

In this work, a cloud technology was developed for monitoring key performance indicators of critical infrastructure technological processes in real time in order to detect deviations in technological processes, as well as to prevent attacks (failures) by analyzing anomalous equipment behavior, changes in load modes, resource consumption, etc. The tuple model of key performance indicators was further developed, which allows systematizing monitoring parameters in information and communication systems of critical infrastructure objects, formalizing automatic data processing, supporting integration with analytical cloud platforms, as well as identifying deviations (anomalies), cyber incidents, degradation, excessive load or sabotage and, as a result, preparing aggregated key performance indicators for daily monitoring by operators and IT services. A model of the technological process of electric arc processing in UAV engineering is proposed, which in the conditions of the current stage of the Russian-Ukrainian war is part of the critical infrastructure in the economy and defense- industrial production sector. This is due to the fact that UAVs now play a crucial role on the battlefield. A scheme for monitoring key performance indicators for the electric arc processing technological process has been developed. For this, the use of cloud technologies is proposed, a general scheme of the electric arc processing technological process in UAV engineering is given, with their use. An example of a model infrastructure based on the Azure cloud platform has been implemented. The data model is presented in JSON format (which is effective for API, MQTT broker or Kafka). Verification of the model on empirical data confirmed its compliance with the requirements, resistance to changing conditions and great significance for monitoring technological processes in critical infrastructure. In the context of digitalization and countering cyber risks, the model is the basis for creating a digital twin of the production system. Thus, reliability, predictability and security are ensured. The paper proposes integration with artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms, such as LSTM, which allows for real-time advanced analytics, adaptive process control, and automated decision- making. In the future, the LSTM algorithm can be used to build a model for predicting the parameters of key performance indicators in an electric arc processing system, and other AI/ML and data mining algorithms that can process large volumes of time series and take into account complex nonlinear dependencies between technological parameters can also be used.

The article presents a comprehensive study of modern artificial intelligence (AI) tools designed for intelligent data analysis (Data Mining), their computational capabilities, and areas of practical application. The key data analysis algorithms are examined, including machine learning methods, deep learning, clustering, classification, regression modeling, and neural networks. Special attention is given to tools such as Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, RapidMiner, Google AutoML, Power BI, and other platforms and frameworks that provide automation of data processing, analysis, and visualization of large-scale datasets. The study includes a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of the most widely used AI tools in terms of model accuracy, computational efficiency, ease of integration, scalability, AutoML support, and the ability to work with unstructured data. Examples of applying AI tools in industry, economics, medicine, the financial sector, and other fields of human activity are provided. The research considers current trends in the development of intelligent data analysis, taking into account the growing role of cloud platforms, automated model-building systems, multimodal AI models, and integration with corporate analytical systems. The results of the study make it possible to determine the most effective approaches and tools for solving applied Data Mining tasks, ensuring the selection of technologies according to requirements for accuracy, performance, and openness. The findings may be used in scientific research, business analytics, digital transformation of enterprises, and the design of intelligent decision-support systems.

У статті досліджується застосування сучасних технологій штучного інтелекту (ШІ) як інструменту забезпечення кібербезпеки в банківських системах. В умовах зростаючої кількості складних кібератак традиційні методи захисту вже не можуть забезпечити належний рівень безпеки, тому актуальним є впровадження інтелектуальних систем, які здатні автоматично аналізувати великі обсяги даних і оперативно реагувати на загрози. У роботі досліджуються основні підходи до інтеграції штучного інтелекту в процеси виявлення аномалій та кіберзлочинів у банківській сфері. Проаналізовано ключові технології ШІ, які використовуються для виявлення шахрайства в реальному часі, поведінкової біометрії, протидії фішинговим атакам і автоматизації комплаєнсу та аудиту. На основі практичних кейсів продемонстровано високу ефективність штучного інтелекту у підвищенні точності виявлення загроз, скороченні часу реакції та зменшенні хибнопозитивних спрацьовувань. Особливу увагу приділено питанням адаптивності та самонавчання інтелектуальних систем захисту в умовах динамічного середовища загроз. Наведено переваги інтеграції ШІ в інфраструктуру банківської безпеки, а також окреслено основні виклики, пов’язані з реалізацією таких рішень. Результати дослідження підтверджують перспективність використання штучного інтелекту як ефективного інструменту кіберзахисту в банківських системах.

This article investigates methods for increasing the fault tolerance of a computer intelligent support system for a nuclear power plant operator. The purpose of this study is to increase the fault tolerance of intelligent support systems for the operator when receiving information about the state of technological parameters important for the power plant control procedures. The object of the study is the ways of receiving input data by a computer intelligent support system for a nuclear power plant operator. The subject of the study is a model of the ways of receiving input information to a computer intelligent support system for a nuclear power plant operator. The problem of ensuring the reliability of input information and methods for solving it, which are based on the redundancy and multi-version of the components used, is considered. A simulation model of the input data paths of a computer intelligent support system for a nuclear power plant operator has been developed, which differs from the known ones by taking into account the indicators of multi-version of components.

The article explores the application of modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies as a tool for ensuring cybersecurity in banking systems. Amid the growing number of sophisticated cyberattacks, traditional protection methods are no longer sufficient to provide an adequate level of security, making the implementation of intelligent systems capable of automatically analyzing large volumes of data and promptly responding to threats highly relevant. The study examines key approaches to integrating AI into the processes of detecting anomalies and cybercrimes in the banking sector. It analyzes core AI technologies used for real-time fraud detection, behavioral biometrics, countering phishing attacks, and automating compliance and audit processes. Based on practical case studies, the high efficiency of AI in enhancing threat detection accuracy, reducing response times, and minimizing false positives is demonstrated. Particular attention is given to the adaptability and self-learning capabilities of intelligent security systems in a dynamic threat environment. The advantages of integrating AI into the banking security infrastructure are highlighted, alongside the main challenges associated with implementing such solutions. The research results confirm the promising potential of AI as an effective cybersecurity tool in banking systems.

У роботі показано, що впровадження металургії проміжного ковша мало один з найзначніших розвитків сталеплавильного виробництва за останні десятиріччя. Зазначено, що метою вторинного виплавляння сталі є виробництво продукту високої якості та економічно обґрунтовано. Висвітлено, що однією з основних функцій проміжного ковша є мінімізація кількості і розмірів неметалевих включень у сталевих виробах шляхом переходу їх з металевої фази у шлак. Метою дослідження було встановлення кінетичних параметрів процесу розчинення неметалевих включень у шлаку проміжного ковша, а саме лімітуючої стадії процесу та величини енергії активації. Проведено дослідження процесу розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3, вага яких становила 0,25 г, чистота – 99,9%, а діаметр – 500±0,05 мкм, у шлаку змінного складу CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FexO. Досліджено поведінку розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 за допомогою апарату, який був оснащений відеокамерою та оптичним мікроскопом за температури 1550, 1575 та 1600°C, а час експерименту становив 120, 240 і 360 секунд для кожної умови. Аналітичними дослідженнями показано, що процес розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 можна описати як кінетикою гетерогенних процесів, так і кінетикою гомогенних хімічних реакцій. У дослідженні показано, що контроль швидкості розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 може бути описаний законами масопереносу на межі поділу двох рідких фаз: розплав сталі – шлак. Встановлено математичну залежність процесу розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3, за допомогою якої було розраховано швидкість розчинення. Енергію активації було визначено аналітичним шляхом з використанням рівняння Арреніуса. В результаті проведених досліджень визначено швидкість розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 та встановлено, що вона зростає зі зростанням вмісту FexO у шлаку проміжного ковша та температури. Встановлено, що розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 відбувається на межі поділу фаз, що підтверджується даними скануючої електронної мікроскопії. Визначено енергію активації процесу та показано, що процес розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 у шлаках різного складу відбувається у кінетичній області. Показано, що збільшення вмісту FexO у шлаку проміжного ковша призводить до зростання енергії активації та більшої залежності процесу розчинення твердих частинок Al2O3 від температури.

In this work, a study of the application of support systems for operational personnel of a critical infrastructure facility during the control of a power unit of a nuclear power plant with a VVER-1000 type reactor was carried out. The purpose of this article is to study the current directions for the application of SPO at NPPs, to analyze the experience of using operator support systems at NPPs of Ukraine, and to determine the current directions for the design of operator support systems based on the analysis. The object of the study is the process of using the operator support system in the management of the NPP power unit. The subject of the study is the classification of support systems according to various characteristics, the experience of using SPO at Ukrainian NPPs, current tasks in the design of SPO at NPPs of Ukraine. The following tasks were solved in this study: The typical types of operator support systems were determined and classified by the type of support, volume and performed functions; Existing operator support systems used at Ukrainian NPPs were analyzed; Current directions for designing operator support systems are defined. It is also determined that in the direction of further research, the development of information technology will be carried out, which will allow the creation of SPO to support the OP in the modes of normal operation, elimination of violations and elimination of emergency situations.