There are two criticisms on John Locke’s theory of personal identity on the basis of memory, which are Butler’s accusation of circularity and Reid’s account of General Paradox. As replies to the two criticisms, Neo-Lockeanism tries to develop and defense Lockean memory theory while another approach tries to interpret Locke’s discussions on consciousness and memory from an ethical perspective. The Neo-Lockean approach fails to defend Locke’s theory of personal identity.
关于神经科学的进步带来的伦理涵义的探讨通常包括评估这种进步对常识概念框架的影响,尤其是对常识心理学和常识道德的影响.根据心灵哲学中的取消主义立场,在常识的概念框架和科学的概念框架之间存在着难以弥合的不兼容性.娜达通过引入刘易斯的功能主义方法论对这种所谓的不兼容立场给予反驳.通过进一步引入神经科学和神经伦理学等交叉学科研究,娜达得出结论:常识心理学和常识道德的概念框架已经吸收并将会不断吸收前沿科学理论的影响,常识与神经科学在概念框架上是相连续的而非不兼容的关系.
Objective:To analyze the research hotspots of international bioethics, explore the future trend.Methods:The biclustering analysis was adopted to analyze the literatures of bioethics in PubMed from 2009 to 2018.Results:The research fronts from 2009 to 2018 focused on 8 aspects which including patient advocacy in clinical ethics consultation, empirical research methodologies in bioethics research, definition of death combined with the problem of organ donation.Conclusions:Greater emphasis should be placed on the combination of empirical science and the autonomy-based ethical theories for domestic bioethics studies. Furthermore, the above 8 aspects of international trends on bioethics offer a sketch for a glimpse of reflection on domestic study on bioethics.
