目的 介绍双链笔记软件在突发公共卫生事件分析研判中的应用.方法 以2021年12月至2022年1月陕西省西安市暴发新冠感染疫情研判的实践经验为基础,应用双链笔记软件——Obsidian的跨文本检索、建立双链链接、绘制可视化关系图谱等功能,在海量流调报告中提取关键信息,研判疫情走向.结果 基于双链笔记软件的特有功能,能够快速从海量流调报告中提取关键信息,有助于快速理清传播链,研判聚集性疫情的发展趋势,发现潜在风险点位.结论 基于双链笔记软件的疫情分析研判,具有快速、精准、可视化等特点,可为今后突发传染病海量流调报告及时精准分析提供经验.
目的 描述陕西省COVID-19确诊病例的空间流行病学特征,分析其相关因素,为陕西省新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控工作的开展提供参考依据.方法 收集陕西省COVID-19确诊病例信息及相关社会经济学数据,分析确诊病例的时间及空间分布特征,采用广义线性模型探索人群COVID-19发病与社会经济因素之间的关联.结果 2020年1月23日,陕西省首次报告4例,2月4日新增确诊病例最高达23例,2月19日后再无新增.输入型病例比本地病例更早出现并达到新增高峰,且更早进入归零期.空间分析结果显示,确诊病例数最多的地市为西安市(120例),占总数的48.98%,确诊病例较多的区县为莲湖区、雁塔区、新城区和未央区.与各区县确诊病例数相关的社会经济学因素为教育支出(IRR=0.287,95% CI:O.134~0.612)、人均生产总值(IRR=1.143,95% CI:1.049~1.245)及各区县与武汉市的距离(IRR=0.995,95% CI:0.992~0.998).结论 应针对重点地区和人群在疫情出现早期积极采取相应的措施,及早控制疫情的发展蔓延.
Editor office’s response for Ahead of Print article withdrawn The article “Potential false-positive rate among the ‘asymptomatic infected individuals’ in close contacts of COVID-19 patients” was under strong discussion after pre-published. Questions from the readers mainly focused on the article’s results and conclusions were depended on theoretical deduction, but not the field epidemiology data and further researches were needed to prove the current theory. Based on previous discussions, the article was decided to be offline by the editorial board from the pre-publish lists.Objective: As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance, the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been carrying out in many parts of China. However, the false-positive rate of positive results in the screening has not been reported up to now. But to clearify the false-positive rate during screening is important in COVID-19 control and prevention. Methods: Point values and reasonable ranges of the indicators which impact the false-positive rate of positive results were estimated based on the information available to us at present. The false-positive rate of positive results in the active screening was deduced, and univariate and multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the robustness of the findings. Results: When the infection rate of the close contacts and the sensitivity and specificity of reported results were taken as the point estimates, the positive predictive value of the active screening was only 19.67%, in contrast, the false-positive rate of positive results was 80.33%. The multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analysis results supported the base-case findings, with a 75% probability for the false-positive rate of positive results over 47%. Conclusions: In the close contacts of COVID-19 patients, nearly half or even more of the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' reported in the active nucleic acid test screening might be false positives.
目的 分析西安市新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)密切接触者的流行特征,为后续疫情防控提供参考.方法 收集西安市新冠肺炎密切接触者的相关数据,分析密切接触者的分布规律、不同接触途径下密切接触者的隔离状态及确诊病例的分布情况.结果 截至2月28日0点,西安市新冠肺炎累计确诊120例,密切接触者5241例.在所有密切接触者中,医务工作者占7.92%;不同年龄段中,青年人数最多(2934人,56%);西安市10区3县中,雁塔区人数最多(913人,17.42%),鄠邑区人数最少(29人,0.55%).密切接触者的接触途径以家庭内(1875人)为首,确诊病例的接触途径也以家庭内最多(35人),其次为购物场所(26人).结论 截至2月28日0点,西安市新冠肺炎密切接触者多出现在雁塔区,以青年为主要人群,家庭内的亲密接触存在很高的传染风险.针对以上特点,需提高对重点地区和人群中新冠肺炎密切接触者筛查工作的重视.
<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的分析中国内地境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例的流行病学特征,为进一步评估境外输入风险和防控工作提供依据。方法根据国家及各省市卫生健康委员会公布的确诊病例活动轨迹建立境外输入确诊病例数据库;对确诊病例的三间分布进行流行病学特征分析。结果境外输入病例在各地级市的时间及空间分布均表现出一定的区域性,截至5月20日中国内地有9个地级市境外输入病例超过50例。输入国主要为俄罗斯、英国、美国、法国及西班牙。输入病例中留学生及外籍人员分别占40%、10%。结论境外输入疫情时空表现存在明显差异,且与各地市自身特点及管控政策辐射有关;相关政策对境外输入疫情的调控效果显而易见。</span>
目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者的临床病理特征及年度特征.方法:回顾2010-2017年初次就诊于西安交通大学第一附属医院并行手术治疗的PTC患者的临床病理资料,描述分析其临床病理特征的年间变化.结果:8年间收集PTC患者共计2 684例,发病高峰年龄31~60岁,最高峰年龄41~55岁;男41~45岁,女46~50岁.8年间PTC患者的平均患病年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).总的男女比例在1.00:2.91波动(P>0.05).男、女患者数量均呈上升趋势(P<0.05),增长近似平行.多灶性PTC及单灶性癌的比例近似平行(P>0.05).PTC伴桥本甲状腺炎的比例呈现逐年上升趋势(P<0.05).甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移率为15.81%,且其百分率8年间呈现逐年上升趋势(P<0.05).结论:2010-2017年间PTC患者总数不断上升,平均患病年龄、性别比例差异无统计学意义,男、女患者数量增长近似平行.多灶性PTC及单灶性癌的比例近似平行.PTC伴桥本甲状腺炎的百分率呈逐年上升趋势,甲状腺微小乳头状癌的百分率呈现逐年上升趋势.