Unearthing the salt-tolerant strains to develop the biological improvement agents are important ways to restore the degraded saline-alkali grassland and explore the saline-alkali wasteland be usable. DP12,DP15,DP28,DP29 were identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical measurements, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The liquid mediums with different salt-alkali concentration（salt concentration was 0%,1%,3%,5%,and 7%,and the pH was 7,8,9,10,11,and 12） were used to test their saline-alkali tolerance. The functional mediums were used to measure their growth-promoting function. Meanwhile, the catalyst was quantitatively determined. The petri dish filter paper method was used to verify the effects of the strain on the germination of the seeds of Lespedeza daurica,Medicago Sativa,Triticum aestivum and Avena sativa. In order to screen out the dominant rhizosphere with growth promoting functions, the strains DP12 and DP29 were identified to be E. hormaechei,the strain DP15 was S. fonticola,the strain DP29 was S. epidermidis. All of the strains above was able to survive at the salt concentration of or less than 7%,at pH of 8～12. Through the growth-promoting function research, it was found out that all four strains had an ability to produce auxin and organic acids. Among them, the strains DP15 and DP29 had an ability to release potassium, the strains DP12,DP15 and DP29 had an ability to nitrogen fixation and produce siderophores. Strains DP12,DP15,DP29 significantly promoted the stem growth, root development and fresh weight of L. daurica,T. aestivum and A. sativa. The Strain DP28 significantly promoted the stem growth, root development and fresh weight of L. daurica and A. sative. The strains DP12 and DP28 significantly promoted the root development of M. sativa. The four strains of rhizosphere bacteria belong to moderate salt-tolerant bacteria and have multiple growth-promoting characteristics, which provide efficient and bacterial resources for the development of special biological improvement agents for L. daurica,M. Sativa, T. aestivum and A. sativa,and help to realize the potential of Enterobacter and Staphylococcus for the developments of biological improvement agents.

[背景]根瘤是植物-微生物共生的特殊结构,蕴含丰富的微生物资源.产铁载体根瘤内生细菌对促进结瘤固氮具有重要作用,但目前关于其是否对植物具有促生作用尚不明确.[目的]筛选鉴定达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)根瘤产铁载体内生细菌,明确其促生作用,为丰富植物促生菌资源提供新的途径.[方法]利用铬天青(chrome azurol S,CAS)培养基初筛产铁载体根瘤内生细菌,对目的菌株进行鉴定;通过液体发酵试验确定其产铁载体能力;利用促生功能培养基测定其他促生特性;利用不同盐浓度(0.01%-9.00%)、不同pH值(3.0-12.0)的酵母甘露醇(yeast mannitol,YMA)液体培养基和不同培养温度(4-60℃)确定其抗逆特性;通过盆栽试验初步验证其对植物的促生作用.[结果]48 株根瘤内生细菌可产铁载体,其中 9 株为高产铁载体细菌,分别为TG4、TG9、TG13、TG15、TG28、TG32、TG38、TG76 和TG78,铁载体相对表达量为 26%-93%;经鉴定,除了 TG28 为巨大普里斯特氏菌(Priestia megaterium),其余 8 株菌均为耐寒短杆菌(Brevibacterium frigoritolerans);TG15、TG28、TG76和TG78具有产生长素(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)(7.62-64.90 μg/mL)、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid,ACC)脱氨酶和固氮能力;而且在盐浓度 0.01%-5.00%、pH 4.0-12.0 和温度 4-37℃均可生长;TG15 和TG28 显著提高了达乌里胡枝子的茎粗,且 TG28 显著提高了株高.[结论]达乌里胡枝子根瘤中定殖有促生和抗逆效应较强的产铁载体细菌,但对植株的促生作用仅表现在形态发育方面,预测其分泌的铁载体等促生物质可能对共生的结瘤固氮细菌产生积极作用.

晋杂54号是山西农业大学高粱研究所以SX44A为母本、15626为父本选育得到的高产、矮秆、中早熟酿造高粱新品种.2022年3月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号为GPD高粱(2022)140052.该品种的选育为解决山西省高粱早熟区主导品种较少,现有品种株高较高、易倒伏、产量水平有限等问题,为推动高粱中早熟区酿造高粱新品种的更新换代起到积极作用.

【Objective】Because of the seriously affectof freezing damage on walnut yield and quality, relatively cold resistance plant is selected in this study. It provides materials and evidence for cold resistant varieties breeding. 【Methods】Nut of 5 optimal systems were used for production investigation. Soluble sugar content and electrical conductivity were determined and tissue structure was observed of optimal system young leaves.【Results】The soluble sugar content of 02-181 kept the highest at different temperatures with the highest value of 16.05% at 0 ℃. With the decrease of the treatment temperature, the conductivity change range of 02-60 was the smallest.The CTR value of 02-181 was the highest, which was 0.508 3.Cold resistance index analysis showed that cold resistance of 02-60 and 02-181 were stronger than other 3 ones and control. 【Conclusion】Comprehensive results of yield investigation after freezing damage and leaf cold resistance index analysis, 02-181 is the excellent individuals with strong cold resistanceamong the 5 optimal systems.

磷匮乏是限制黄土高原地区退化草地改良和矿区生态修复中达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)生长的重要因子.本研究采用有机磷和无机磷选择性培养基从达乌里胡枝子根际初筛获得解磷细菌,通过形态学、生理生化和分子生物学特征对目的菌株进行鉴定,利用液体发酵试验确定其解磷能力,并对其抗逆和促生特性进行研究,旨在筛选抗逆、促生的高效解磷菌株.结果表明:本研究共筛选出4株兼具解无机磷和有机磷的菌株,解磷量分别为34.96～494.03 mg·L-1和1.93～9.15 mg·L-1;鉴定DP24为Pseudomonas koreensis,DP25和DP27为Acineto-bacter calcoaceticus,DP28为Staphylococcus epidermidis;4个菌株均可在37℃高温下生长,DP25和DP27还可在4℃低温下生长;DP28的最大耐盐量高达10％,DP28和DP25可在pH值为11～12强碱条件下生长;DP25,DP27和DP28具有分泌有机酸的能力,DP25和DP27还能分泌铁载体.总之,DP25,DP27和DP28被确定为高效、抗逆、促生解磷菌,可用作研发黄土高原地区建植达乌里胡枝子使用的菌肥资源.

根瘤内生解磷菌具有促进豆科植物结瘤固氮,提高植物抗逆性等作用.本研究以'晋农1号'达乌里胡枝子(Lespe-dezadaurica'Jinnong NO.1')为试验材料,采用"划线法"分离其根瘤内生菌,筛选具有解磷能力的菌株,测定其解磷能力,并对其抗逆和促生特性进行研究.结果表明:达乌里胡枝子根瘤中共分离出88株内生菌,其中11株具有解磷能力;TG41,TG43,TG47和TG68解有机磷量为0.73～1.29μg·mL-1,TG47和TG68解无机磷量为72.97和1.29μg·mL-1,为有效解磷菌;经鉴定,TG41和TG43为Bacilluszanthoxyli,TG47为Phyllobacteriumzundukense,TG68为Pantoeaag-glomerans;TG41,TG43和TG68在盐浓度0.01％～9.00％和pH4～pH12条件下均可生长;4株菌不耐高温,TG47和TG68能在4℃生长;TG41,TG43和TG68能分泌铁载体和有机酸.综上,达乌里胡枝子根瘤中存在丰富的内生菌,部分具有解磷功能、抗逆和促生潜力,可用于研发适合黄土高原地区胡枝子建植的根瘤微生物复合菌剂.

禾谷炭疽菌(Colletotrichum cereale)引致的炭疽病是山西晋北地区燕麦(Avena sativa)生产的主要限制因素,但目前尚未开展化学杀菌剂防治燕麦炭疽病的研究.为明确不同作用机制杀菌剂对燕麦炭疽病菌的抑制效果,本研究选取6类10种杀菌剂,使用菌丝生长速率法和液滴法对其抑菌效果进行测定.结果表明:多菌灵50％可湿性粉剂、丙环唑25％乳油、嘧菌酯25％悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25％悬浮剂对禾谷炭疽菌菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,有效中浓度(EC50)分别为0.0921、0.8774、0.1180和0.0029 mg·L?1;百菌清75％可湿性粉剂、多菌灵50％可湿性粉剂、嘧菌酯25％悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25％悬浮剂对禾谷炭疽菌孢子萌发具有较好的抑制效果,其中百菌清75％可湿性粉剂浓度 ≥0.80 mg·L?1时,孢子萌发抑制率均为100％,多菌灵50％可湿性粉剂、嘧菌酯25％悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25％悬浮剂的EC50分别为0.1124、0.1184和0.0059 mg·L?1.根据作用机制的不同,建议百菌清75％可湿性粉剂在炭疽病发生前作为保护性杀菌剂使用,多菌灵50％可湿性粉剂、嘧菌酯25％悬浮剂和吡唑醚菌酯25％悬浮剂作为保护和治疗性杀菌剂使用.此外,生产者应及时轮换采用不同作用机制的化学杀菌剂防控病害,同时改善种植条件,引进和选育抗病品种,保证燕麦的可持续生产.

探究硒肥不同施用方式对高粱籽粒富硒效果、产量及营养品质的影响,以期为高粱的进一步综合开发利用提供科学依据.以晋糯3号为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥对高粱籽粒产量、硒含量及营养品质的影响.结果表明,施硒量相同条件下,叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥对高粱的株高、穗长、千粒质量、产量影响不显著;叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥2种方式均能有效提高高粱籽粒硒含量,叶面喷施硒肥处理高粱籽粒硒含量是土壤基施处理的4倍.与CK相比,土壤基施和叶面喷施硒肥高粱籽粒粗蛋白含量分别提高3.6％和7.1％,单宁含量分别降低2.0％和2.2％,粗淀粉含量、粗脂肪含量无显著性差异.叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥可以在一定程度上调控高粱籽粒硒的富集、改善高粱籽粒品质性状;在施硒量相同条件下,叶面喷施效果优于土壤基施.

晋中8102是山西农业大学高粱研究所以不育系810A为母本,以8321R为父本杂交选育而成.该品种具有耐密植、抗旱性强、耐瘠薄性强、便于机械化收获、高抗高粱丝黑穗病和高粱蚜虫等优点.2018年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,适宜在山西省晋中地区以南春播中晚熟区种植.该品种籽粒含粗淀粉达75.53％,粗蛋白达9.29％,满足了市场对酿造专用高粱品种的种植需求.对其品种特性、产量表现及栽培制种技术进行介绍.

山西省大同市是我国饲用燕麦的主产区之一,叶部真菌病害已成为限制其生产的主要因素,但目前尚不清楚病害种类及病原.此外,早播燕麦罹患病害产生的侵染源可能增加复种植物病害流行风险,阻碍燕麦可持续生产,迫切需要明确影响早播燕麦病害发生程度的主要因素,有针对性地制定防治措施.鉴于此,利用形态学特征和致病性测定对大同市天镇县的早播饲用燕麦种植田发现的叶部真菌病害进行鉴定,并且分析了收获期病情指数和病害影响因素之间的关系.结果表明:早播饲用燕麦共发现3种由真菌引致的叶部病害,分别为禾谷炭疽菌(Colletotrichum cereale)引致的叶枯病,燕麦内脐孺孢(Drechslera avenacea)引致的条斑病和禾柄锈菌燕麦转化型(Puccinia graminis f.sp.avenae)引致的秆锈病.不同种植和管理方式下,饲用燕麦叶枯病、条斑病和秆锈病均有不同程度发生,病情指数均值分别在1.9～5.6,1.0～6.2和0～0.9.相关性分析表明:喷灌是导致条斑病发病严重的主要因素,豆禾混播能降低饲用燕麦叶枯病的发生程度.此外,土壤速效N和速效K含量也能影响叶枯病和秆锈病的发生.建议牧草种植者在生产饲用燕麦时,采用合理的灌溉和施肥模式,推广牧草混播等种植技术,使用低毒高效杀菌剂对早播饲用燕麦进行病害防治,保证饲用燕麦产业的可持续发展.

为探明谷子和玉米对烟嘧磺隆胁迫差异的光合生理机制,采用盆栽试验,选用谷子(张杂10号和晋谷21号)及玉米(迪甜8号和农大108号)为试验材料,在四叶一心期喷施5个不同剂量的烟嘧磺隆,分别在处理后7d和15d测定幼苗株高、叶面积、SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(G)、叶片最大光化学产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率[Y(Ⅱ)]、光化学猝灭系数(gP)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)的变化.结果 表明,除7.5g/hm2的烟嘧磺隆处理之外,张杂10号、晋谷21号和迪甜8号的株高、叶面积、SPAD值、Pn、G.、Tr、Fv/Fm、Y(Ⅱ)和qP在用药后7d和15d时均显著低于对照,各指标在用药浓度15.0～60.0g/hm2处理之间的下降幅度均随烟嘧磺隆剂量的升高而增大;而Ci和NPQ却呈相反趋势.在15.0～120.0g/hm2处理之间,处理后7d和15d农大108号的所有指标均与对照差异不显著a综上所述,谷子对烟嘧磺隆的抗性弱于玉米,品种间也存在差异,部分原因是烟嘧磺隆显著降低了敏感品种叶片的叶绿素含量,虽然增加了光能热耗散,但PS Ⅱ功能还是受到抑制,导致光合能力下降.

晋杂35号是山西农业大学高粱研究所以自选不育系SX45A为母本、自选恢复系47031早/TCJW·J7030为父本,杂交选育而成的机械化高粱新品种.该品种具有淀粉含量高、矮秆、耐密、适宜机械化收获等特点,于2013年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会认定,2018年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,适宜在山西省太原、晋中、临汾、运城高粱中晚熟地区种植.对其特征特性、栽培制种技术和推广应用进行了介绍.

The C, N and P stoichiometry are helpful to understand the capacity of carbon assimilation and nutrient utilization efficiency during plant growth, as well as to diagnose nutrient limitation status. There is still a knowledge gap about the effects of disease on plant stoichiometry. In this study, forage oats (Avena sativa) suffering from anthracnose were the object of research conducted in north Shanxi Province. The C, N and P stoichiometry in the shoot of oat were examined at different degrees of disease occurrence. We analyzed the relationship of plant stoichiometry with disease duration, cultivar, and cultivation methods. The results showed that C, N and P contents decreased with the increasing degree of disease occurrence. The C, N and P contents in the plants with serious disease were significantly lower than that of healthy plants with a decreasing rate of 5.4%, 20.0% and 24.2%, respectively. C:N and C:P showed an increasing trend with the increases of the degree of disease occurrence. C:N and C:P of the plants with serious disease were significantly increased by 18.5% and 22.2%, respectively, than that of healthy plants. There was no significant difference for C content among different sampling sites, which indicated that the three varieties of forage oats might have disease tolerance capacity to ensure crop production. However, the stoichiometric values of N and P varied from place to place. The longer the disease duration was, the more reduction of N and P contents. Compared with monoculture oats, the P utilization efficiency of mixture oats was decreased by anthracnose. In summary, anthracnose had negative impacts on carbon assimilation capacity of forage oats in northern Shanxi. Anthracnose increased the restriction of N and P nutrition on the aboveground parts. However, anthracnose significantly improved N and P utilization efficiency. For the production practice, it was recommended to take necessary control measures to reduce the adverse effects of diseases on the economic benefits and ecological functions of forage oats.

[目的]研究除草剂二甲四氯对谷子叶片衰老特性以及叶片内源激素含量的影响,探讨谷子幼苗对二甲四氯胁迫的生理反应,为谷子抗除草剂胁迫机制及除草剂的安全使用提供理论依据.[方法]采用盆栽试验方法,选用晋谷21号和张杂10号为试验材料,设置二甲四氯剂量分别为0.75、1.50、3.00和6.00 kg·hm-24个水平.处理后5和15 d,测定谷子幼苗株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和内源激素含量的变化,并分析了二甲四氯处理下谷子叶片中内源激素含量与光合特性参数、抗氧化酶活性间的相关性.[结果]与对照相比,喷施不同剂量二甲四氯均抑制了谷子的株高和光合作用,谷子叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和电子传递速率(ETR)均出现不同程度降低;而非光化学猝灭(NPQ)的变化呈相反趋势.此外,二甲四氯对谷子植株光合特性的影响效应随着施药时间的延长逐渐减弱,表现为喷施除草剂15 d后,多数指标可恢复至对照水平.同时,不同剂量二甲四氯处理后均提高了谷子叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量,且随着施药时间的延长呈先升高后降低的趋势.二甲四氯胁迫提高了谷子叶片中脱落酸(ABA)和生长素(IAA)含量,降低了谷子叶片中赤霉素(GA)和玉米素(Zt)含量.ABA含量与叶绿素含量、Pn、Fo和ETR均表现为极显著负相关,与Gs显著负相关;除NPQ外,Zt含量与叶绿素含量和ETR均表现为极显著正相关,与Fo显著正相关.相关分析结果表明,叶片内源激素ABA含量与SOD、POD活性呈显著相关;IAA含量与CAT呈显著正相关;GA含量与POD活性呈显著相关.[结论]二甲四氯处理后,谷子通过提高内源激素Zt含量来降低ABA含量,一方面影响光合速率及光合电子传递等其他光合生理过程;另一方面通过调节内源激素IAA、GA和ABA含量,进而调控SOD、POD和CAT活性,增强对除草剂胁迫的耐性.

晋杂36号是以自选不育系203A为母本、自选恢复系J7582为父本杂交选育而成的高淀粉早熟高粱新品种,其生育期125 d,株高165.8 cm,穗长29.1 cm,穗质量161.2 g,穗粒质量120.9 g,千粒质量27.2 g;2013-2014年参加山西省高粱早熟组区域生产试验,平均产量为8 598.0 kg/hm2,比对照晋杂15号增产13.7％;2015年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2018年通过非主要农作物品种登记系统登记.该品种适宜在山西省高粱春播早熟区春季种植或夏播区复播种植.

以晋糯3号为材料,采用田间试验,研究了不同生育时期叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对高粱光合作用、产量和籽粒硒含量的影响.结果 表明,随着叶面喷施亚硒酸钠剂量的增大,高粱叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和气孔导度呈先升高后降低的趋势,胞间CO2浓度呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;叶面喷施亚硒酸钠的时期和剂量对高粱产量无显著影响,但能够有效提高高粱籽粒硒含量;在人体硒摄入安全范围内,挑旗期叶面喷施80 mg/kg亚硒酸钠剂量下,高粱籽粒硒含量最高,达0.297 mg/kg,比对照提高84.50％,且差异显著.叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对高粱光合作用和产量无显著影响,但能够有效提高高粱籽粒硒含量,挑旗期80 mg/kg的叶面喷硒剂量下高粱籽粒富硒效果最佳.