[目的]构建烟嘧磺隆高效降解复合菌系并明确其降解特性,为高效修复烟嘧磺隆污染土壤提供理论支撑.[方法]通过富集驯化培养,从山西省不同生态区烟嘧磺隆污染土壤中筛选出5株烟嘧磺隆降解菌,通过16SrDNA和ITS序列分析鉴定降解菌的分类地位.通过全组合构建高效降解复合菌修复体系,并通过单因素试验明确其降解特性.[结果]筛选获得10株具有烟嘧磺隆降解能力的菌株,其中5株菌株降解能力较强.经16S rDNA和ITS序列鉴定和系统发育分析,5株烟嘧磺隆降解菌株分别为A枯草芽孢杆菌、B黑曲霉、C草酸青霉、D 土曲霉和E绿木霉.全组合复配结果表明,由3种菌株组成的复合菌系对烟嘧磺隆降解率最好,其中ABD组合对烟嘧磺隆降解能力最高,较单株菌降解率最高的菌株D降解率提高23.74％;将筛选的A、B、D进行不同比例复配,菌株最佳复配比A∶B∶D为2∶3∶1时,烟嘧磺隆降解率最高达98.31％,各菌株对烟嘧磺隆降解的影响效果A＞B＞D.复合菌系较单一菌株增加了适宜的温度、pH值和烟嘧磺隆初始浓度范围,最适培养降解条件为接种量2％～5％,温度30～40℃,pH 7.0,烟嘧磺隆初始质量浓度50～200 mg/L.[结论]筛选获得的复合菌系ABD在烟嘧磺隆残留污染土壤的微生物修复应用中具有潜在应用前景.

临麦5311是山西农业大学小麦研究所于2009年以临汾5086为母本、临汾8050为父本经有性杂交后,采用系谱法选育以育成的小麦新品种.该品种株高76～80 cm,穗长7～9 cm,小穗密.一般亩穗数40万～45万穗,穗粒数30～35粒,千粒重42～45 g.该品种群体大、抗冻性强、抗病性好、抗倒性强,适宜在山西省南部水地及黄淮北片同类生态区亩产500 kg以上的高产水地推广种植.

土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留可对后茬作物产生不同程度药害.为解决玉米地烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱药害问题,使用前期筛选出的烟嘧磺隆高效降解菌株绿木霉Trichoderma virens DT-4,通过高效液相色谱-质谱法检测其降解率,利用室内盆栽生测结合田间小区试验方法,确定降解菌株对土壤中烟嘧磺隆降解效果,降低烟嘧磺隆残留对高粱的药害.结果显示,烟嘧磺隆残留浓度在0.0025～0.1 ug/mL范围内,标准曲线线性良好,符合农残分析要求;PDB液体培养基中烟嘧磺隆在DT-4降解菌处理100 h的降解率高达93.00％;菌株最佳降解条件为培养温度35℃、pH 5、最适接种量5％、烟嘧磺隆初始质量浓度200 mg/L.盆栽试验土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留浓度为0.075 mg/kg时,加入降解菌DT-4后能够明显缓解高粱的株高、根长、鲜重、叶绿素含量、根系活力和净光合速率等生长发育指标,对高粱生长有明显的促进作用.田间小区试验中,不同剂型降解菌剂处理,高粱抽穗期效果最为显著,降解菌能够将低于60 g a.i./hm2烟嘧磺隆污染土壤的高粱修复至无明显药害水平,且降解菌剂应用效果为粉剂>菌液.本研究表明高效降解菌株绿木霉DT-4可有效缓解烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱的毒害作用,为玉米高粱轮作体系下烟嘧磺隆残留污染土壤的微生物修复提供科学参考.

探究硒肥不同施用方式对高粱籽粒富硒效果、产量及营养品质的影响,以期为高粱的进一步综合开发利用提供科学依据.以晋糯3号为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥对高粱籽粒产量、硒含量及营养品质的影响.结果表明,施硒量相同条件下,叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥对高粱的株高、穗长、千粒质量、产量影响不显著;叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥2种方式均能有效提高高粱籽粒硒含量,叶面喷施硒肥处理高粱籽粒硒含量是土壤基施处理的4倍.与CK相比,土壤基施和叶面喷施硒肥高粱籽粒粗蛋白含量分别提高3.6％和7.1％,单宁含量分别降低2.0％和2.2％,粗淀粉含量、粗脂肪含量无显著性差异.叶面喷施和土壤基施硒肥可以在一定程度上调控高粱籽粒硒的富集、改善高粱籽粒品质性状;在施硒量相同条件下,叶面喷施效果优于土壤基施.

[目的]通过研究除草剂烟嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留对后茬高粱生长发育、生理代谢及产量的影响,明确高粱耐烟嘧磺隆的最高限量.[方法]通过大田试验,以后茬作物高粱为研究对象,测定不同土壤残留浓度下高粱的出苗率、株高、叶绿素、净光合速率、丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性及产量的变化.[结果]与对照相比,烟嘧磺隆田间残留抑制了高粱的出苗率、株高;降低了叶绿素含量及净光合速率;使抗氧化酶活性发生变化,其中SOD活性降低,POD活性升高;增加了丙二醛含量;降低了高粱成穗率、千粒重及产量;不同高粱品种相比,晋杂22号高粱较晋糯3号耐烟嘧磺隆残留能力较强.就施用剂量来说,15 g a.i./hm2基本不影响高粱的出苗生长及产量,而30ga.i./hm2高粱产量则大幅下降.[结论]高粱耐烟嘧磺隆的最高限量为30 g a.i./hm2.

[目的]本文旨在探究不同浓度土壤As对甜高粱种子萌发及苗期生理变化的影响.[方法]采用盆栽毒理和室内发芽试验相结合的方法,研究不同浓度土壤As胁迫下5个甜高粱品种种子的萌发和对幼苗抗性生理指标的影响,并运用模糊数学隶属函数值法对其抗性进行综合评价.[结果]不同甜高粱种子的根长、芽长、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和根芽耐性指数都随着As浓度的增加而显著降低,高浓度As对根的抑制作用大于芽,且芽的耐性指数都显著高于根的耐性指数.晋甜杂3号和辽甜3号的种子发芽指标都显著高于其他品种;高浓度As胁迫下,大力士和绿巨人的根长为0,发芽率和发芽势都显著降低,而晋甜1401的根长显著高于其他品种,根芽耐性指数最高.甜高粱幼苗POD、SOD的活性随着As浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,MDA和Pro含量呈升高趋势,而且都显著高于CK.As浓度为60 mg·kg-1时,晋甜1401、晋甜杂3号和辽甜3号的POD、SOD活性受到抑制,且MDA含量随着As浓度的增加增幅较小,Pro含量的增幅较大.[结论]通过标准化转换求得各项指标的耐性系数,利用模糊数学隶属度公式得出隶属函数值,根据各项指标的权重综合评价甜高粱品种的抗性.采用隶属函数法综合评价5种甜高粱耐As性大小为晋甜1401>晋甜杂3号>辽甜3号>大力士>绿巨人.

Real-time monitoring of the moisture content of fruits and vegetables in vacuum freeze -drying process, this can provide technical support for the freeze-drying process monitoring and optimization.In order to investigate the way based on relative dielectric constant monitor the moisture content, this paper designed a wireless and real-time monitoring system which can realize relative dielectric constant acquisition, calculation and storage, it can also draw the change curve of the relative dielectric of material.The test uses apple and potato as test material to validate moisture content and relative dielectric constant has an illustrious linear correlation.Experiment has built correlation association models based on relative dielectric constant and moisture content.Therefore, moisture content of fruit and vegetables can be monitored based on its relative dielectric constant.

In order to provide basic-materials for improving wheat quality,156 wheat varieties grown in Shanxi wheat production at different periods were fractionated by SDS-PAGE to determine their HMW-GS compositions,the variation of the subunits from different genes and the frequency were also analyzed.The quality scores of each of the subunits were summed to create a Glu-1 quality score for each cultivar.The results indicated that Shanxi-grown wheat have rather low Glu-1 quality scores,and the composition of HMW-GS were not perfect.The types of subunit combination were simple.The frequency of subunits 2*、17+18、5+10、14+15 were very low.

In order to seek better techniques for inteqration between the chemical and biological control messure,and improve the level of integrated pest management,The effects of sublethal doses of four inseticides,acetaniprid,methomy,fenvalerate,chlorpyrifos,on the function response and activitie of stomach proteinase of Pardosa astrigera was investigated.Results revealed that the functional response models of Pardosa astrigera were not conformed to Holling II tape when treated with sublethal doses of insecticides.The handing tine of Myzus persicae is prolonged,the predatory rates declined and activities of stomach proteinase increased.The findings suggested that insecticides at sublethal level had harmful influences on predation of Pardosa astrigera.The results give better directions for using pesticides rationally and scientifically.

A pot cultivation experiment was conducted to study the effects of application of N.K and Ca fertilizers on the growth of romaine lettuce.The results indicated that proper application of N.K and Ca together promoted the growth of the romaine lettuce.It could make the yield enhance 9.5%.Proper application of N,K,and Ca together could make the content of chlorophyll and vitamin C in romaine lettuce increase 19% and13%.