Malaria is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes with the parasite, mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Malaria is prevalent in Bangladesh. This review reviews the recent progress on malaria epidemic characteristics in Bangladesh to provide theoretical.

全球新冠肺炎暴发以来,澜沧江-湄公河流域疟疾和登革热跨境联防联控项目活动受到一定影响,但通过对项目方法、内容和实施方式及时调整,项目持续推进.本文就新冠肺炎疫情下,云南与周边国家重大虫媒传染病联防联控项目采取的工作方法与方式进行分析,为今后项目合作与发展提供参考.

目的 调查老挝琅勃拉邦省蚊虫种类组成及重要生态习性,为当地制定有效的媒介控制策略及措施提供参考.方法 2022年11月,在老挝北部琅勃拉邦省采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊法、人工帐诱捕法和人牛房全捕法采集成蚊,采用勺舀法捞捕居民周边小积水伊蚊四龄幼虫,采集的成蚊和伊蚊幼虫通过形态学方法进行种类鉴定并登记.结果 共捕获成蚊2亚科6属29种2149只,其中三带喙库蚊和乌头按蚊属当地优势种,分别占捕获总数的19.48％(419/2149)和16.54％(345/2149);共捕捞伊蚊幼虫1属2种14条,其中埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊占比分别为85.71％(12/14)和14.29(2/14).微小按蚊和多斑按蚊通宵均有叮咬活动,叮咬高峰分别主要出现在子夜(00:00-01:00)和黄昏(20:00-21:00).结论 老挝琅勃拉邦省蚊虫种类丰富,三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种,同时存在具有夜间叮咬活动的微小按蚊,以及埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊,提示当地仍然存在疟疾、登革热和流行性乙型脑炎疫情风险,建议加强对上述疾病的监测.

目的 分析2017-2019年云南省疟疾病例删除订正的原因,为提高我省疟疾病例填报的准确性和规范性提供依据.方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2017-2019年云南省疟疾删除病例资料,使用Microsoft Excel 2016和SPSS 22.0软件进行数据整理和分析,计数资料比较采用X2检验,检验水准α=0.05.结果 云南省2017年1月1日-2019年12月31日共报告疟疾病例726例,删除177例,3年的删除率分别为18.75％、17.76％、22.95％,3年的删除率之间没有统计学差异(x2=2.478,P＞0.05).删除原因有4类("重卡"、"省级参比实验室镜检PCR复核阴性"、"县州CDC病例核实复核阴性"和"填报错误",其中"重卡"最多.结论 重卡是2017-2019年云南省疟疾病例删除的主要原因,增加全网搜索和关键信息自动对比功能,可减少重复报告疟疾病例的发生.消除疟疾后阶段,监测尤为重要,注重填报疟疾病例信息的准确性和规范性,特别是疟疾的删除病例和重复报告管理,是提高疟疾疫情报告管理质量和防止疟疾输入再传播的重要环节.

登革热广泛流行于热带、亚热带地区,是我国重要的公共卫生问题之一.白纹伊蚊是登革热重要传播媒介,在我国分布广泛.目前采用杀虫剂控制白纹伊蚊种群密度是登革热最有效的防治措施之一,但长期使用杀虫剂会导致白纹伊蚊产生抗药性.本文就近年来我国白纹伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯和有机磷类杀虫剂的抗药性研究进展进行综述,为杀虫剂的合理使用及媒介控制措施的制定提供参考.

目的 分析2009-2018年云南省流行性乙型脑炎病例时空分布特征,为防控提供依据.方法 收集云南省2009-2018年的乙脑病例信息,利用Excel 2010软件统计数据并绘制时间分布图,采用ArcGIS 10.6软件绘制空间分布图,使用SaTScan 9.4.2软件分别对空间、时间和时空进行扫描分析.结果 共有125县(区)报告乙脑病例2 091例.单纯空间分析发现乙脑病例分布主要有5个聚集区,主要分布在西双版纳傣族自治州、普洱市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、昭通市、文山壮族苗族自治州、德宏傣族景颇族自治州和昆明市的33个县(区);单纯时间分析显示病例时间聚集在6-9月;时空分析法显示乙脑病例分布仅聚集在1个区,主要分布在昭通市的大关、永善、盐津、昭阳、水富、绥江、鲁甸、镇雄8个县(区),病例主要发生在8-9月.结论 云南省2009-2018年的乙脑发病存在时空聚集性,主要聚集在滇东北地区,提示滇东北地区相关部门应进一步加强当地乙脑监测及开展工作.

澜沧江-湄公河流域国家公共卫生体系和治理能力发展不平衡,重大传染病流行严重,新发再发传染病突发高发.为有效应对该区域重大传染病威胁,提高该区域公共卫生合作水平,本文系统梳理了澜沧江-湄公河流域公共卫生合作现状及其面临的主要问题,并进行了分析,提出了今后的发展思路和建议.

介绍澜沧江—湄公河合作疟疾和登革热联防联控项目热带病援外培训的主要经验和做法,并对培训的组织、教学内容和形式采取定量和定性相结合的方式进行调查.结果显示,援外培训取得较好效果,提升了学员热带病防控知识和关键技能,并使其了解了全球和区域热带病形势,分享了我国和其他国家的防控经验,促进了区域热带病联防联控开展.但培训还需要结合实际需求、采用适当的方法,考虑师资和语言对培训效果的影响,使培训取得更好的效果.

Countries along the Lancang/Mekong River have similar pathogens & vectors causing tropical diseases with similar characteristics and patterns of transmission,so they have the same challenges in terms of disease control.Based on Control of Malaria & Dengue through Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC),this paper summarizes some of the major challenges posed by vector-borne diseases in Yunnan Province,China and countries along the Lancang/Mekong River.This paper also analyzes and assesses the areas where collaboration is needed,targeted efforts,and had a common understanding of these challenges among countries participating in LMC.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and implementation of the "1-3-7" approach in malaria elimination in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the data support for the development of post-elimination surveillance interventions. METHODS All data pertaining to malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019 were captured from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the changes in the epidemic situation of malaria were analyzed during the 5-year period. In addition, the core indexes regarding the "1-3-7" approach in malaria elimination of Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019 were retrieved from the Malaria Control System in the Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System, and all changes in the indexes were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS During the period from 2014 to 2019, a total of 2 283 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province, including 1 927 cases with vivax malaria, 326 cases with plasmodium malaria, 29 cases with other species of malaria, and one case with unidentified species. There were 64 local cases, 2 219 overseas imported cases. Among the 2 283 malaria cases, the male/female ratio was 4.58∶1, and 80.25% of the cases were aged from 15 to 50 years. Farmer (70.00%) was the predominant occupation, and 76.70% (1 751/2 283) of the cases were identified in 25 border counties (districts). Malaria cases were reported in each month during the 5-year period, and the number of malaria cases increased from April, peaked on May to July, and started to decline on August. From 2014 to 2019, the reporting rate of malaria cases within 24 hours upon diagnosis was 100%, and the detection of malaria cases was 99.69% (2 276/ 2 283) in the laboratory, with a 99.65% (2 275/2 283) rate of definite diagnosis. In addition, the percentage of individual epidemiological investigations within 3 days was 100.00% (2 283/2 283), and the number of epidemic foci survey and treatment within 7 days was 576 during the 3-year period from 2017 to 2019. The goal of malaria elimination was achieved in Yunnan Province on June, 2020. CONCLUSIONS Malaria has been eliminated in Yunnan Province, and management of overseas imported malaria is the primary challenge to consolidate the malaria elimination achievements in the future. However, the approach in malaria elimination remains to be maintained, and the role of the Yunnan Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory requires to be strengthened.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">建成辐射南亚东南亚辐射中心是云南省在国家"一带一路"倡议中的定位。为应对区域国家热带病共同挑战,我国自2005年以来在云南实施了疟疾和登革热联防联控项目,经过15年的建设,项目达成共识,形成合作框架,建立了5个联络办公室,21个跨境监测点和20个联合工作站。通过协调会、培训班、研究生培养、技术帮扶、"4.25国际疟疾日"宣传,联合调查,监测平台研发、联合实验室等一系列措施,初步建立了联防联控机制,项目成效显著,对我国公共卫生援外项目有一定启示。</span>

The Pomacea canaliculata is a global invasive aquatic animal, which has caused serious damage to many countries and regions. It was introduced into China in the early 1980 s and spread rapidly to all provinces in southern China, becoming a malignant invasive aquatic animal that endangers human health and crop growth. Pomacea canaliculata invaded Yunnan in the mid-to-late 1980 s. It spread rapidly to 33 counties in 10 cities, and has caused outbreaks as the main intermediate host for the transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Although the distribution of the Pomacea canaliculata in Yunnan is basically clear, there are few studies on its habitat adaptation and genetic diversity. In the future, the colonization mechanism and population genetic characteristics should be further studied.

目的 为了解云南省西南地区福寿螺的种群结构,对当地福寿螺的细胞色素c氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ,COⅠ)基因序列进行单核苷酸多态性分析. 方法 2016年11月18日至2017年5月8日,于云南省西双版纳州景洪市和勐腊县、普洱市思茅区和西盟县、临沧市耿马县及德宏州瑞丽市6个调查点采集福寿螺,进行形态学观察.提取福寿螺基因组DNA,PCR扩增CO Ⅰ基因,对将阳性PCR产物进行测序.采用MEGA 6.06软件进行序列特征分析、计算遗传距离.采用邻接法构建系统发育树. 结果 共采集福寿螺200只,无法通过形态学鉴定进行种类区分.PCR扩增获得129条CO Ⅰ基因序列(小管福寿螺Pomaceacanaliculata 123条,孤岛福寿螺P.insularum 6条),经多序列比对排齐后长度为621 bp,存在76个核苷酸变异位点,76个简约信息位点,无单一变异、插入和缺失位点、无碱基转换和颠换,A、G、T、C的平均含量分别为23.1％、20.5％、39.8％和16.7％;编码的207个氨基酸残基中,保守氨基酸有203个(占98.1％).CO Ⅰ基因序列分属4个单倍型(HAP) ——HAP-1、HAP-2、HAP-3和HAP-4.HAP-1频率最高,占71.3％ (92/129),其次是HAP-3,占17.8％ (23/129),HAP-2和HAP-4频率分别为6.2％ (8/129)和4.7％ (6/129).HAP-1、HAP-2和HAP-3与小管福寿螺的遗传距离最短,为0～0.052,碱基差异数为0或31个;与锥形瓶属(Pila conica)的遗传距离最长,为0.214～0.239,碱基差异数为115～126个.HAP-4与小管福寿螺、孤岛福寿螺和锥形瓶属遗传距离分别为0.100、0.060和0.223,碱基差异数为57、35和119个.4个单倍型间的遗传距离为0.021 ～0.100,碱基差异数为13 ～57个.其中,HAP-1和HAP-2的遗传距离最近,为0.021;HAP-4与HAP-1、HAP-2和HAP-3的遗传距离最远,为0.100;HAP-3与HAP-1和HAP-2的遗传距离处于中间水平,为0.052.HAP-1、HAP-2和HAP-3与小管福寿螺基因序列(GenBank登录号为AB433769、KT313034、EU523129)的一致性为98％～ 100％;HAP-4与孤岛福寿螺基因序列(GenBank登录号为EF514942)的一致性为99％. 结论 云南省西南地区存在小管福寿螺和孤岛福寿螺2种,且小管福寿螺已产生一定的遗传分化.