有效的科技人才评价是充分提升科技人才创新积极性、加快建设科技强国的重要路径.近年来,与科技人才评价相关的政策陆续出台,以2018年《关于深化项目评审、人才评价、机构评估改革的意见》(以下简称《三评意见》)的出台为重要节点,科技人才评价的要求也随之变化,需要科学设立人才评价指标,克服唯论文、唯职称、唯学历、唯奖项倾向,树立正确的人才评价使用导向,强化用人单位人才评价主体地位等.

当前,新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在重构全球创新版图、重塑全球经济结构,主要发达国家普遍强化基础研究战略部署,全球科技竞争不断向基础研究前移.我国基础研究短板依然突出,重大原创性成果缺乏,亟需从投入、管理体制机制创新和创新环境建设等方面着手,打通关键堵点,进一步激发科研人员基础研究潜力,促进基础研究加速发展.本文以基础研究人员为主要分析对象,结合近年来一系列与科研人员和基础研究相关的调查数据,从科研人员角度就当前我国基础研究存在的问题及原因进行分析.

The Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 caused more than 80,000 deaths or missing people, hundreds of thousands of injuries, damages to several million farmer houses, more than ten million people suffered from the disaster, and direct economic losses reached more than 800 billion Yuan, which was the strongest destructive earthquake disaster since the new China was established. The emergency rescue response after the Wenchuan earthquake enormously stimulated all Chinese people's patriotism and compatriot emotion. All levels of governments underwent severe tests in ability for disaster rescue, emergency response and social management, and their emergency rescue policies formulated had good effect, receiving praise from people around the world.After the emergency rescue period passed, a more arduous task is to reconstruct the hometown. In September 2008, the State Council issued "General Plan on Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction" (hereinafter referred to as "Plan"). As the document of rehabilitation and reconstruction of the disaster areas, "Plan" defined the goal, principle and specific requirements of reconstruction to disaster areas, and proposed a three year, 1 trillion yuan plan to complete the reconstruction of Sichuan, Gansu and Shanxi, to bring about "employment within every household, social security for everyone, enhancement of facilities, development of the economy, and improvement to ecology," and to raise the living conditions and social and economic development level in the disaster areas to achieve or surpass the level before the disaster. With the progress of reconstruction work in disaster areas, in March 2009, the 2nd Session of 11th National People's Congress also proposed that every effort be made to complete the reconstruction task within two years instead of three, and that by September 2010, the tasks as formulated in the "Plan" be completed.Under the instruction of "Plan," reconstruction work has been carried out orderly in disaster areas. According to information issued by the State Council Information Office on May 8 2009, by the end of April 2009, post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction in three provinces Sichuan, Gansu and Shanxi had started more than 21,000 projects, and has invested approximately 360 billion yuan, about 36% of planned investment task. Specifically speaking, in housing reconstruction, in the rural areas of three provinces, 99.5% of housing maintenance and reinforcement finished, and 76.6% of housing reconstruction finished; the speed of urban housing reconstruction was slightly slower than rural areas, 48.9% of maintenance and reinforcement is completed, and 8.9% of reconstruction is completed. In infrastructural facilities, projects of transportation, correspondence, 60% of water conservation and energy started, the expressway is restored to the level before disaster, the trunk highway constructed above 93%, and the rural road completed 15% of reconstruction task. The majority of education and medical construction has begun, 75% of rehabilitation and reconstruction of all kinds of school began, and 7.8% have finished; 60.6% of medical and health care facilities started, 13% of them are completed. Because Sichuan suffered the most serious earthquake, most attention is placed on this region. By September 2009, in Sichuan disaster areas, permanent farmer houses of 1,238,900 households were completed, which accounted for 97.1% of demands. 2904 schools began reconstruction, which accounted for 86.9% of demands. 1226 medical and health care projects began reconstruction, which accounted for 91.5% of demands. 97.6% of large-scale industrial enterprises damaged have recovered production. 1 Because urban housing reconstruction has more difficulties, the progress was relatively slow; through efforts of departments concerned, by October 20, urban housing reconstruction of Sichuan planned to begin in 228,900 units, and the operating rate was 88.32%, where 107,300 units were completed, which occupied 41.4% of housing demands.(2)In July 2008, Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development Task Group carried out a fast demand investigation of residents in Sichuan earthquake disaster areas to fully understand disaster-area residents' living conditions and policy demand at that time.(3) In July 2009, to assist the national assessment work of the General Plan on Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction at its middle stage, Task Group continued the research mentality and method of investigations of 2008 to launch an "investigation on Wenchuan earthquake disaster-area residents on rehabilitation and reconstruction" in the Sichuan disaster areas. The investigation followed the method of proportioning probability sampling ( PPS) according to population scale, and resident families sampled were given visiting questionnaire interviews. The investigation covered 26 disaster-stricken counties (cities and areas) in the disaster areas,(4) altogether investigated 142 general communities (villages, residents' committees, urban communities) and 29 placement sites of board room zones, visited 5,549 households, and successfully visited 4,037 households, a success ratio of 72.8%.This investigation's main target was to comprehensively understand disaster-area people' situation of production and life recovery a year after the earthquake, and contents of the investigation covered housing and infrastructure, basic demography information, education, medical and health care, labor employment, agricultural production, family-run operation, social support and social participation, social manner and assessment, and so on. The following data is from this investigation, and is the description and analysis on the disaster-area residents' living conditions and policy demands a year after the earthquake. It is to be explained that the data of this article reflects the situation investigated at that time (August 2009). With the continuous advancement of reconstruction, the practical situation possibly has had huge changes. We will unceasingly pay attention to and trace those changes in future researches.

本文介绍了项目管理的发展,在中国的应用领域及应用情况,并从中国社区可持续发展的角度探讨了对项目管理的需求,进而结合中国社区可持续发展的现状提出了应用项目管理应该注意的原则。