White-fruited bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a rare species of Momordica charantia L, valued for its pearl-like white pericarp. However, limited research is available regarding its supporting cultivation techniques and fruit quality. Two-season field trials were performed using ‘Kuzhongle’ as scion to evaluate the applicability of luffa rootstocks and seasonal variation in rootstock-mediated effects. Three luffa inbred lines (SS07, SS11, SS26) were screened in spring, and the superior SS26 was further compared with the commercial rootstock ’Yinzhen No.1’ in autumn. All rootstocks thickened stems, shortened internodes and promoted female flower formation in spring, with genotypically divergent influences on fruit quality. SS26 exhibited the highest survival rate and significantly enhanced soluble solid content, water content, crude protein content and vitamin C content, while reducing crude fiber content and total acid content. Seasonal comparison revealed consistent quality-modulating effects of SS26 across seasons, except for crude fiber, with a comprehensive performance comparable to the commercial rootstock. Overall, luffa rootstocks consistently modulate vegetative and flowering traits within a season, whereas their impacts on fruit quality show genotypic differences. SS26 exhibits stable and superior grafting performance, providing important material support for bitter gourd rootstock breeding research.

Delayed harvesting of grapes can alter fruit quality and plays an important role in alleviating the problem of market saturation during peak seasons, as well as in regulating the supply period of grapes. In this study, by conducting a comparative analysis of fruit quality, metabolomics (aroma compounds) and transcriptome sequencing of ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes harvested at six different on-tree ripening stages after maturity, we found that: (1) delayed harvesting led to dramatic variation in berry color change (light green to yellow) with a significant increase in soluble solids (19.5 to 20.89 Brix); (2) A total of 25 volatile aroma compounds was identified in collected berry samples, while trans-2-hexenal and hexanal exhibited the highest concentrations in all samples, marking them as key volatile compounds in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes. Notable variation in the concentrations of linalool, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, β-citronellol, and propionic anhydride were recorded in selected harvest periods. OAV analysis results show that linalool has the largest OAV among the detected compounds, and its OAV proportion increased from 53% to 95% during the six sampling periods of ‘Shine Muscat’; (3) Transcriptome sequencing of selected samples demonstrated a positive correlation between eight terpene-synthesis-related genes and linalool accumulation. Furthermore, genes within the MEP pathway (specifically VvTPS55, VvTPS59) and several transcription factors were associated with terpenoids metabolism. Based on soluble solids and OAV results, T18–T22 period (18–22 weeks post-flowering) can become good quality on-vine storge berries. The gene expression profile and developmental patterns of metabolites in MEP pathway may helpful in functional characterization of candidate genes related to terpenoid metabolism in future studies.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits at immature stage (IS) display colors that range from dark green to light green and white. Due to the influence of genetic factors and consumption habits, white-fruited pepper germplasms are rare in nature and depend on artificial creation. However, the unclear complex genetic basis, coupled with the absence of developed functional markers cosegregation with white fruit trait, has impeded the efficiency of breeding white- fruited peppers. Herein, an F2 segregation population consisting of 3,000 individuals is derived from a cross between B1-2 with white fruit and D50 with dark green fruit at IS. Using bulked segregant analysis, a previously reported gene CaGLK ( Capana10g000333 ) is identified as a candidate that is responsible for white/green fruit color. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G/A) at the position of the last base of the second intron of CaGLK, resulting in alternative splicing at the junction of the second intron and the third exon, causing the exclusion of 31 bp in cDNA sequence of B1-2, is associated with white fruit trait. A KASP marker is developed and shown to distinguish white-fruited pepper from the F2 population. The distinguishing efficiency of this marker reached up to 78.3% when tested in a natural population. This first report of a new allele CaGLKA that controlled white color provided a new handle to develop pepper cultivars with white color fruit.

WD40 repeat proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, including stress responses, development, and signaling. In this study, we identified and characterized 142 WD40 genes (CsWDR) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), using the Hidden Markov Model to detect WD40 domains. These genes exhibited considerable variation in protein length and domain structure, with some containing additional functional domains such as UTPB, zinc finger, and F-box. Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven distinct clusters of CsWDR proteins, suggesting functional divergence, including roles in stress tolerance. Gene Ontology analysis highlighted their involvement in metabolic processes, stress responses, and protein binding, with most localized to the nucleus. Expression profiling revealed distinct patterns across tissues and developmental stages, with significant responses to temperature and light conditions. Notably, the CsWDR36 gene, associated with parthenocarpy in cucumber, was further investigated. Two transcripts, CsWDR36-1 and CsWDR36-2, were identified, differing in the number of WD40 motifs. Real-time PCR showed higher expression of both genes in flowers, especially male flowers, with increased expression following flowering, suggesting a role in early fruit development. These findings provide insights into the functional diversity of CsWDR genes and their potential roles in cucumber development and stress response.

Luffa is a genus of tropical and subtropical vines in the Cucurbitaceae family, recognized as an important cultivated commercial vegetable. However, the seeds of the luffa species are considered hard-seeded, and the processes governing seed germination remain understudied. The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) genes, which are critical for seed germination, have not been well characterized in Luffa. In this study, we identified four LaNCED genes in Luffa acutangula and four LcNCED genes in Luffa cylindrica, distributed across four chromosomes in each species. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into two subgroups. Gene structure and motif composition analyses revealed both similarities and differences among the NCEDs. Cis-element analysis further revealed that these NCEDs may be involved in growth regulation by modulating the phytohormonal network and responding to stress stimuli. Expression profiling of LcNCED genes during seed germination showed a decrease in LcNCED2 levels, coinciding with an increase in α-amylase activity throughout the germination process. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that LcNCED2 is localized in the chloroplast. Furthermore, transient overexpression of LcNCED2 in tobacco leaves led to a significant increase in ABA content. Our findings provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of the NCED family in Luffa cylindrica and Luffa acutangula and reveal the functional role of LcNCED2 in regulating ABA levels, which may play a critical role in seed germination.

Fruit colour is a crucial factor influencing both the marketability and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum), particularly ornamental varieties. Fruit colour is a complex multigenic trait in plant species. Previously, the Arabidopsis pseudo-response regulator 2 (APRR2) gene, one of the regulators that control fruit chlorophyll content and chloroplast development, thereby influencing fruit colour at the green immature stage in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and pepper, was reported. Functional molecular markers associated with this homologous gene in pepper could be employed to discern fruit colour at the seedling stage, thus improving the efficiency of green/white-fruited pepper breeding. In this study, a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) marker was developed based on the mutation site in the sequence of a CaAPRR2-like gene that was cloned from the inbred line B1-2, which exhibits milky white fruit at the green immature stage. The marker was subsequently validated in a CaAPRR2-like progeny segregation population. After digestion with the restriction endonuclease TaqI, the amplification product exhibited evident polymorphic bands, enabling it to distinguish between peppers with milky white and green fruit colours. The developed molecular marker displayed remarkable stability and repeatability, thus offering a straightforward and effective tool for enhancing fruit colour in pepper breeding programs.

丝瓜作为衢州市夏秋主要的瓜类蔬菜之一,在衢州农民增收致富中起着重要的作用.目前,衢州露地丝瓜生产技术存在的问题,在一定程度上制约了衢州丝瓜产业的健康发展.本文通过对衢州市露地丝瓜生产中的产地环境、品种选择、栽培方式及茬口安排、种苗培育、定植、田间管理、促花保果、病虫害防治、采收等生产技术环节进行归纳和总结,为衢州丝瓜标准化生产提供技术指导.

以辣椒杂交种衢椒5号的亲本为试验材料,研究了不同单株坐果数和坐果节位对辣椒种子质量与产量的影响.结果表明,坐果节位第3、4、5节,单株坐果数15～20个时,坐果率、种子数及发芽势等综合性状最佳.

衢椒5号是以高代自交系金5-8为母本,以Y802为父本配制而成的早熟辣椒一代杂种.始花节位第9～10节,生长势较强,连续坐果性好,株高约75 cm;果实羊角形,青熟果黄白色,光泽度好,老熟果红色,果长约21 cm,果肩宽约2.2 cm,果肉厚约0.2 cm,单果质量24 g左右,辣味中等;果实总辣椒素含量98.3 mg·kg-1,VC含量520.0 mg·kg-1,氨基酸含量0.80%,田间对炭疽病的抗性强于对照衢椒1号,对黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)、烟草花叶病毒病(TMV)、疫病的抗性与对照相当,每667 m2 产量2500 kg左右,适宜浙江省及相似地区保护地栽培.

辣椒是茄科辣椒属一年或多年生植物,因营养价值高,特色鲜明,在全世界范围内广泛种植,目前已成为我国种植面积最大的蔬菜之一.随着阳台农业和旅游观光农业的兴起,人们对赏食兼用型蔬菜品种需求旺盛[1].

松花菜营养丰富、 经济价值高,具有广阔的市场发展前景.为摸索浙西地区露天越冬松花菜品种的最佳播期,于2021—2022年开展了露天越冬松花菜品种的不同播期试验,设置了6个播种期:9月1日(T1)、9月11日(T2)、9月21日(T3)、10月1日(T4)、10月11日(T5)、10月21日(T6).试验结果表明,不同播期松花菜折合667 m2产量T1>T2>T4>T3>T5>T6,折合667 m2纯收入T4>T3>T2>T1>T5>T6,T2、T3和T4播期的花球商品性较高.综合不同播期松花菜产量、品质和收益等表现,推荐浙西地区露天越冬松花菜品种的最佳播期为9月11日—10月1日.

衢椒3号是以L11为母本,以L19为父本配制而育成的早中熟辣椒一代杂种.果实羊角形,绿熟果淡绿色,中辣,商品性佳,维生素C含量88.1 mg·kg-1,辣椒素含量139.7 mg·kg-1,果实纵径约20 cm,横径2 cm,果肉厚0.2 cm,单果重25 g.植株连续坐果性好,抗病性强,耐低温性好.平均产量44.280 t·hm-2,适宜在浙江省大棚推广种植.

浙江衢州地区大棚春甜瓜栽培面积逐年增加,种植效益较好.该文从地块和品种选择、育苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收等方面介绍了大棚春甜瓜的栽培技术.

衢州有着悠久的辣椒种植历史和独特的辣椒文化,本地种植辣椒品种以羊角形白辣椒居多.当前国内辣椒资源丰富,优异辣椒品种层出不穷,为筛选出适宜衢州本地种植且符合本地居民消费习惯的优质辣椒品种,2022年引进泡椒、螺丝椒、羊角椒三类共9个辣椒品种,同时种植本地羊角形白辣椒品种3个,观测各品种在衢州的种植表现.试验结果表明本地羊角形白辣椒品种'衢椒5号'早熟性、果实大小、产量和经济效益方面均较为优异;引进品种中'苏椒1614'、'金鼎18号'、'农望长尖'较同类型其他品种而言在早熟性、坐果性、丰产性和经济效益等方面表现突出,且符合本地居民食辣的消费习惯.本研究筛选出4个适宜在衢州本地推广种植的辣椒品种,为衢州辣椒产业发展及农民种植提供参考.

为筛选出适宜衢州地区种植的辣椒品种,引进了弄口早椒、南螺、浙椒3号、杭椒12号、杭椒早秀、采风11号等14个品种,并与当地高产品种衢椒1号进行比较栽培试验.结果表明:南螺和更新28号2个品种具有早熟、高产、抗病性强的特性,适宜衢州地区种植.

近年来,浙江省衢州市从国内外引进樱桃番茄新优品种近百个,其中"浙樱粉1号"在设施栽培中表现尤为优异,粉果、光泽度好、皮薄,单果重20.0克左右,可溶性固形物8.9％～11 .5％,口感好,生长势与连续坐果性强,单株产量可达2千克,在当地市场上成为"网红品种".现将该品种栽培管理经验总结如下.

为筛选抑制辣椒幼苗徒长的适宜植物生长调节剂种类和浓度,克服辣椒育苗过程中的徒长和易倒伏问题,以衢椒5号为试材,于两叶一心时期喷施不同浓度的多效唑与矮壮素,研究其对辣椒生长发育的影响,于处理后15 d测定幼苗的株高、 总叶绿素、 茎粗、 根冠比,并测量成株期的株高、 主茎高及单株产量.结果表明,相对于矮壮素而言,多效唑的抑制作用更显著,且幼苗的根冠比、 总叶绿素含量显著提高,其中以50 mg·L-1多效唑处理的综合性状表现较好,表现为株型矮化,叶片变小,根系发达,更易于培育壮苗.

Background The shape of fruit tip is critical to appearance quality and commodity value of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Although diversity of cucumber fruit tip is rich, the genetic basis and molecular mechanism were poorly understood. In this study, the morphological and histological features of fruit tip were investigated to accurately evaluate the diversity in cucumber germplasm. QTLs of fruit tip were genetically mapped by using F 2 and RILs populations. Candidate genes of major-effect QTLs were predicted. Results The appearance of cucumber fruit tip was generally divided into sharp, oval-round and blunt-round categories, but morphological measurement showed that the angle of fruit tip was continuously distribute in range of 99~173° and the fruit tip index (the ratio of diameter and length of tips) was in range of 1.4~3.5. Histological analysis suggested that the different structures of fruit tips were owed to the different distribution of cell number in vertical and horizontal direction, rather than difference in cell size. In total, thirty fruit tip related QTLs were identified from two mapping populations including a F 2 population derived from EC1 (blunt round tip) × 8419s-1 (sharp tip) and a RILs population derived from IL52 (oval round tip) × CCMC (sharp tip). Two major-effect QTLs were detected, of which Ft4.1 was detected in both mapping population, while Ft6.1 was only identified in F 2 population. The phenotypes of Ft4.1 were epistatically suppressed by dominant Ft6.1 genotype, suggesting that Ft6.1 has epistatic dominance interaction to Ft4.1 . The candidate genes of Ft4.1 were predicted based on genome re-sequencing of parental lines, including CsEXT (Extension-like family protein), CsPRK (leucine-rich repeat protein kinase protein) and CsRNApase (RNA polymerase beta subunit protein), of which CsEXT and CsPRK play important functions during cell division and expansion. Conclusions Different shapes of fruit tip were owed to the different frequency and orientation of cell division in tip structures. The fruit tip variation in cucumber maybe controlled by the major QTLs Ft4.1 and Ft6.1 through epistatic interaction.