自2010年辽河保护区设立以来,保护区植被覆盖率从13.7％上升到63％,草地生态系统为保护区提供着重要的服务功能.为了提高人们对辽河保护区草地生态系统服务功能间接价值的认识,采用影子工程法、市场价值法、机会成本法等对辽河保护区草地生态系统的涵养水源、净化空气、固碳释氧、营养物质循环与储存和土壤保持等服务功能的间接价值进行了连续三年的评估.结果表明,随着时间的推移,辽河生态治理带来了巨大效益,2009年至2011年辽河保护区草地生态系统服务功能间接价值总量分别为:2.22亿元、1.82亿元和6.3亿元;从不同的服务功能类型来看,其价值量大小依次为:固碳释氧＞营养物质循环与储存＞涵养水源＞土壤保持＞空气净化,且固碳释氧的价值远远超过了其它功能的价值量.

Critical point assessment is of great importance for wetland ecosystems risk research and is of significant basis for management and protection of wetland.In this paper,the Wolonghu wetlands,the biggest natural inland-wetland in Liaoning province,has been taken as a case study.A cusp catastrophic model has been proposed to simulate the degradation process of Wolonghu wetlands by using the data of time series from1994 to 2009.Four key variables,water quality,water storage,biodiversity and vulnerability have been selected base on synthetic consideration for modelling.The simulation results showed that the wetland degradation processes were accordant with the basic features of catastrophe theory and the model simulations revealed good agreement with the facts.And the proposed catastrophe model,therefore,could be a useful early warning tool for wetland ecosystem.The research also showed that the Wolonghu wetlands were in good state during the years 1994 to 2001.And the degradation of the wetlands turned up during the year of 2002 because of want of water and bad water quality.To protect the Wolonghu wetlands,the effective measures such as reasonable water resource allocation and local industrial structure adjustment and rural wastewater treatment improvement were suggested.

针对辽河保护区退耕还河、湿地植物和橡胶坝蓄水工程在水质净化方面的经济效益进行比较分析,研究表明,已建成的生态工程2008-2020年的COD削减总量约为131559t,氨氮削减总量约为22731 t.从处理能力方面来看,2011年的COD削减总量相当于1座出水浓度达到一级A标准的日处理10万m3的污水处理厂的处理总量,氨氮削减总量相当于2座日处理10万m3的污水处理厂的处理总量.保护区已建成的生态工程2008-2020年在水质净化方面的贡献价值总和约为53834万元,大约可投资建设2座10万t污水处理厂.