Critical point assessment is of great importance for wetland ecosystems risk research and is of significant basis for management and protection of wetland.In this paper,the Wolonghu wetlands,the biggest natural inland-wetland in Liaoning province,has been taken as a case study.A cusp catastrophic model has been proposed to simulate the degradation process of Wolonghu wetlands by using the data of time series from1994 to 2009.Four key variables,water quality,water storage,biodiversity and vulnerability have been selected base on synthetic consideration for modelling.The simulation results showed that the wetland degradation processes were accordant with the basic features of catastrophe theory and the model simulations revealed good agreement with the facts.And the proposed catastrophe model,therefore,could be a useful early warning tool for wetland ecosystem.The research also showed that the Wolonghu wetlands were in good state during the years 1994 to 2001.And the degradation of the wetlands turned up during the year of 2002 because of want of water and bad water quality.To protect the Wolonghu wetlands,the effective measures such as reasonable water resource allocation and local industrial structure adjustment and rural wastewater treatment improvement were suggested.

Abstract A novel genetic programming (GP) technique, a new method of evolutionary algorithms, was applied to a small data set to predict the water storage of Wolonghu wetland in response to the climate change in the northeastern part of China. Fourteen years (1993–2006) of annual water storage and climatic data of the wetland were used for model training and testing. Results of simulations and predictions illustrate a good fit between calculated water storage and observed values (mean absolute percent error=9.47, r=0.99). By comparison, a multilayer perceptron method (a popular artificial neural network model) and Grey theory model with the same data set were applied for performance estimation. It was found that GP technique had better performance than the other two methods, in both the simulation step and the predicting phase. The case study confirms that GP method is a promising way for wetland managers to make a quick estimation of fluctuations of water storage in some wetlands under the limitation of ...

Abstract A large dataset is generally needed when modeling hydrological processes. However, for developing countries such as China, datasets are often unavailable in remote areas. An attempt to apply a novel genetic programming (GP) technique was made to model the relationship between streamflow of the West Malian River and the impact of climate change in the northeastern part of China. Available annual streamflow and climatic data were used for training and testing of the GP model. Data from the years between 1982 and 2002 were used for automatic selection of the model relationship. Prediction of the model was undertaken for the period 2003–2006 and the results were compared with measured data. Predicted annual streamflow of the West Malian River agreed with measured data to an acceptable degree of accuracy even with a small amount of dataset. For comparison, a multilayer perceptron method with back propagation algorithm, a gray theory model, and a multiple linear regression model were selected to conduc...

进行水资源可持续利用研究首先要建立科学合理的评价指标体系.在总结水资源可持续利用综合评价指标体系建立的原则、方法、分类等基础上,全面分析了水资源可持续利用评价指标体系研究的现状及所存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议,为水资源可持续利用研究提供参考.

Taking Kangping County as a case study,according to the present situation of water resources and future goals,a large-scale system multi-objective programming model is developed for the optimal allocation of water resources in the semiarid inland wetland area in view of system engineering and theory of large-scale system multi-objective programming.To achieve the goal of sustainable economic development of the area,the industrial structures should be readjusted and optimized,and the number of sectors which consume too much water should be reduced,water resources should be allocated reasonably and the industries which consume water with high water availability should be supported preferentially.The suggestion provides an optimized macro-planning to guide regional utilization of water resources and economic growth.It is of great importance to sustainable economic growth and coordinative utilization of water resources for semiarid inland wetland area.

Based on the analysis of the concept and its connotation of water reservation amount in wetland,a new method is proposed for modeling the change of WA in wetland by using the so-called genetic programming(GP) approach.Taking the Wolonghu Wetland,the biggest inland wetland in Liaoning Province,as a case study,the authors set up the prediction model of its annual water reservation amount by using 14 successive years of meteorologic and hydrological data scenarios.The precipitation and evaporation data have also been used as the input variable and WAA data as the output variable after systematic analysis and determination of parameters.In order to guarantee the precision of the GP model,we have divided the data scenarios of meteorology and hydrology into two categories,respectively.In the model validation phase,it is recommended to use the first category of 11 successive annual meteorological and hydrological data scenarios(from 1993 to 2003) for the model establishment,while the other category of 3 successive annual data(from 2004 to 2006) can be used for the model testing.The results of our prediction show that the average relative error during the validation phase is about 8.2% and during the testing phase,the relative errors are 8.5%,9.6% and 10.3%,respectively,which can be said to come to the need of the management of the wetland protection.Therefore,the method can be said of great significance for managing wetland ecosystem protection projects and rational allocation of the regional water resources.

污泥厌氧消化产生的沼气用于发电是一种具有广阔应用前景的垃圾资源化方法.厌氧消化前采用不同的预处理方法能促进污泥内微生物细胞的分解、加速胞内物质的释放、加快污泥的水解速率,这是增强污泥厌氧消化性能的关键.综述了当前研究和应用较多的物理法、化学法和生物法等污泥预处理技术,分析了各种方法的原理、特点、处理效果及应用前景.

Understanding the hydraulic power relationship between the river water and its nearby ground water was important to investigate the effect of contaminated water in Hunhe river on groundwater.The environmental isotope technology was used in order to study the groundwater evolution rule along Hunhe river.13 samples of groundwater and 3 samples of river water in Hunhe river were obtained,respectively.The results showed that the hydraulic power relationship between the river water and its nearby water power of groundwater were confirmed according to the contents of D and 18O in water samples,and the replenishment width for the underground water was determined.Moreover,the contribution rates of river water to its underground water were calculated quantitatively.The contribution rates changed from high to low along the river direction,and its average was on average about 50%.The strong feed area was located at 1 km away from the south of Hunhe river.

Based on the study on the data from observing and measuring between 1975 and 2004 for the Wolong Lake,the historical evolution of the wetland is analyzed. The water table changing trend of the Wolong Lake in the 29 years and the causes of the drop-off are studies. The water balance in the lake area is calculated according to the fundamental situation and monitoring data of the Wolong Lake wetland and its catchments area. It is proved that the water table drop-off and the water volume reducing in the lake for approximately three decades are resulted from the natural factors and man-induced factors such as climate,hydrology and so on.

To confirm the project of regional water resource development in a reasonable way so as to promote relevantly the sustainable economic development,a multi-objective programming model is developed for the optimal distribution of water resource in Songyuan city in view of system engineering,according to the present situation of water resource and future goals.With the aim of utilizing water resource reasonably and efficiently,what are required to do include readjusting and optimizing the industrial mix,reducing the number of sectors consuming too much water and supporting preferentially the industries which consume less water than conventional ones with high water availability and aggregate economic benefits.All these suggest an outlook on effective regional water distribution on the basis combining economic and ecologic conditions with social benefits,thus providing an optimized macro-planning to guide regional utilization of water resource and economic growth.It is of far reaching importance to sustainable economic growth and coordinative utilization of water resource.