Sour cherry is a valuable fruit crop which is in demand on the European market. At present the interest to sour cherry fruits increases due to their high nutritional value and to sensory properties of a sour cherry. It promotes to the expansion of a cultivar assortment of a fruit crop and stimulates the acquisition of knowledge about the fruits quality. The purpose of the research was to develop the mathematical model for the forecasting of a formation of fruit and stone weight in sour cherry cultivars irrespective of the environmental conditions. The research was conducted during 2007-2019 in the conditions of a Southern- Steppe zone of Ukraine. Theoretical, measuring and weighing, statistical. For the study, fruits from 10 varieties of cherries in the stage of consumer ripeness (100 pieces) were selected from 3-5 typical trees. The fruits were weighed and the weight of one fruit was determined. The average cherry fruit weight during the years of studying equaled 5.93 g, and the average stone weight equaled 0.39 g. Three sour cherry cultivars (Siyanets Turovtseva, Griot Melitopolskyi and Vstrecha) with the biggest average weight of a fruit from 7.48 t & ocy; 7.87 g were chosen. The sour cherry cultivars Siyanets Turovtsevoi, and Vstrecha were characterized by a big fruit weight under optimal variability of 16.68% and 18.82% respectively. The cultivar Shalunia had the lightest stone weight in sour cherry fruits. The optimal correlation between the stone weight and the cherry fruit pulp (4.8%) was determined in a Vstrecha. According to a two-way analysis of variance, the dominating effects of the environmental conditions on the formation of a fruit weight and on the formation of a stone weight in fruits of sour cherry have been established. The average monthly precipitation in May and the average monthly air humidity during a year, which received the 1st and the 2nd ranks, had decisive effects on the formation of fruit and stone weight in the fruits of a sour cherry.

Reducing fruit losses is one of the most important strategies for improving diets and strengthening food systems. Therefore, improving modern technologies for storing sweet cherries, assessing the potential of the necessary capacities and technologies for fruit storage to reduce post-harvest losses and extend the shelf life of fruits remains relevant. Improvement of pre-cooling methods optimize the shelf life of fresh fruit and contributes to the growth of demand for fruit by consumers in the European market. The object of the study is the technology of pretreatment of sweet cherry fruits using an organic composition. The fruits of the model variety Valerii Chkalov were used as experimental material. The minimum natural losses from microbiological diseases and physiological disorders were recorded on the 40th day of sweet cherry fruit storage. Fruit weight losses during storage of sweet cherries of the Valerii Chkalov variety were minimal when hydro cooling was applied in combination with a protective organic composition of lactic and acetic acid (1.75 %:2.00 %). The optimum concentration of lactic and acetic acids (2.00 %:1.75 %) was determined, which ensures minimal daily fruit losses (0.068 %) under the influence of hydro-cooling during storage of sweet cherries. The analysis of the regression model reveled the optimal value of the average level of daily losses during storage of sweet cherry fruit of Valerii Chkalov variety – 0.0642 % at concentrations of lactic and acetic acid 2.161 % to 1.705 %, respectively. The tendency to minimize sweet cherry fruit losses during storage under the influence of hydrocooling and the optimal concentration of organic acids in the protective composition was identified. The results could be used to improve pre-cooling methods in the food industry to preserve the quality of fruit raw materials in a waste-free fruit supply chain for all relevant stakeholders

Свіжі плоди вишні є джерелом вітамінів, цукрів, органічних кислот, біологічно активних речовин та мікроелементів. Користуються попитом і продукти її переробки. Формування фонду біохімічних компонентів, що відповідають за смакові властивості плодів залежить від абіотичних чинників , а саме погодних факторів. Наведено результати досліджень щодо накопичення сухих розчинних речовин, цукрів і титрованих кислот в плодах вишні 10 досліджуваних сортів в умовах Півдня степової зони України. За вмістом показників якості було виділено сорти «Модниця» (вміст сухих розчинних речовин – 17,05%), «Ожиданіє» (вміст цукрів – 11,69%) і «Солідарність» (вміст титрованих кислот – 1,79%). Плоди сортів вишні «Мелітопольська пурпурна» і «Модниця» мають максимальні показники цукрово-кислотного індексу у діапазоні 8,9-9,3 в.о. В ході експерименту визначено доцільність прогнозування у плодах вишні вмісту досліджуваних компонентів хімічного складу за середніми значеннями. Результати двохфакторного дисперсійного аналізу підтвердили домінуючий вплив погодних умов років досліджень на формування смакових якостей плодів. Запропоновано прогнозування смакових якостей плодів вишні проводити за середнім сортовим значенням. Визначено середню та сильну кореляційну залежність впливу 19 погодних факторів на вміст досліджуваних біохімічних показників у плодах вишні. Використання методів головних компонент та методу найменших квадратів дозволило побудувати моделі залежності накопичення сухих розчинних речовин, цукрів та титрованих кислот від погодних факторів. Для досліджуваних біохімічних показників якості виділено погодні показники з максимальними частками впливу. А саме: максимальний вплив на накопичення фонду сухих розчинних речовин у плодах вишні мала середньомісячна температура повітря у червні (∆=9,9%); на вміст цукрів – середньомісячна сума опадів в червні (∆=8,5%); на вміст титрованих кислот – загальна кількість днів з опадами у червні (∆ =18,62%). Найбільший вплив на накопичення досліджуваних біохімічних показників у плодах вишні відігравали показники вологості у фазі кінець цвітіння до достигання плодів та останнього місяця формування плодів (червень).

The results of researching the fund formation of dry soluble substances, sugars, and titrated acids in cherry fruits of 10 studied varieties under the Southern Steppe Subzone of Ukraine are given. According to the content of biochemical quality indicators, the following varieties were selected: Modnytsya (the content of dry soluble substances is 17.1%), Ozhidaniye (the content of sugars is 11.7%), and Solidarnost (the content of titrated acids is 1.79%). The cherry fruits units. By conducting a two-factor dispersion analysis, the feasibility of forecasting the content of the principal components of the chemical composition (dry soluble substances, sugars, titrated acids) in the cherry fruits was determined by average values and a factor that maximally impacts the accumulation of the studied indicators was identified during the studies. The dominant influence of weather conditions during research years was determined. Therefore, the taste qualities of the cherry fruits were proposed to forecast by average varietal value. The average and strong correlation dependences of influencing 19 weather factors on the content of the studied biochemical indicators in the cherry fruits were determined. The accumulation dependence models of dry soluble substances, sugars, and titrated acids were built based on the principal component and least-squares methods. The first-rank weather indicators with the maximum influence particles were identified for the studied biochemical quality indicators. The average monthly air temperature in June maximally impacted the fund accumulation of dry soluble substances in the cherry fruits (delta = 9.9%), the content of sugars - the average monthly precipitation in June (delta = 8.5%), on the content of titrated acids - the total number of precipitation days in June (delta = 18.62%). At the end of the flowering phase before fruit ripening and in the last month of fruit formation, humidity indicators had the greatest influence on the accumulation of the studied biochemical indicators in the cherry fruits (June).of Melitopol purpura and Modnytsya have maximum indicators of the sugar-acid index in the range of 8.9-9.3 relative

acids; During fruit formation, the weather conditions have a decisive influence on the organic acids accumulation. In the context of global climate change, this issue has become new. The study of the titrated acids content in sweet cherry fruits was carried out for 12 years. Cherry fruits of the groups of three terms of ripening were selected for the study. The average and strong correlation between 11 weather factors and the titrated acids content for the sweet cherry cultivars of the early, medium, and late ripening terms were determined. The ranges of the weather factors that have the maximum influence on the formation of the titrated acid found in sweet cherry fruits (Ai 10.37-34.06%) were established. The research showed that the rate of maximal titrating acids content has been found in Valeriy Chkalov, Dilema, and Udivitelna cultivars. The optimal values of sugar-acid indices in the fruits of 31 sort samples of sweet cherry in all terms of ripening have been established. Weather conditions, which were during the years of the research, had dominating effects on the formation of titrating acids fund for all groups of cultivars irrespective of the term of fruit ripening. Ranking of weather factors according to the degree of their influence on the titrated acids accumulation in sweet cherry fruits three times of ripening has revealed that for cultivars of early, medium and late ripening terms of sweet cherry fruits the average monthly precip-itation in May has a maximal influence and is a rank 1 factor; the average minimum relative humidity in May is essential for the cultivars of a medium-term of ripening.

Sweet cherries are a favourite stone crop among consumers of fruit products. At present, the demand for sweet cherries is growing, which encourages the expansion of the varietal range of crops with different ripening periods. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model for predicting the formation of fruit and sweet cherry pyrene mass depending on weather factors and varietal characteristics. The study was conducted during 2008–2019 in the conditions of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine on 33 varieties of sweet cherries of early, medium, and late ripening periods. The average mass of the sweet cherry fruit over the years of research was 8.41 g, and the average mass of the pyrene was 0.56 g. Late-ripening sweet cherry varieties had the best fruit mass (7.27–12.18 g). According to the maximum average mass of the fruit, the varieties Kazka, Dilema, and Kosmichna were distinguished. Sweet Erlise, Pervistok, Melitopol black and Krupnoplidna varieties had the lowest pyrene mass in sweet cherry fruits. In the group of early ripening, the best ratio of pyrene to fruit pulp was found in the Kazka variety, in medium-ripening varieties – Cordia, Perviystok, and Orion, in late-ripening varieties – Udivitelna, Krupnoplidna, and Prazdnichna.The smallest variability in sweet cherry fruit mass in the group of early-ripening varieties was detected in Sweet Erlise, in mid-ripening – Temp, and in late-ripening – Regina, while in pyrene mass – Rubinova Rannia, Vynka and Regina, respectively. Weather conditions had a dominant influence on the formation of fruit mass for all sweet cherry varieties under study, and varietal characteristics had a dominant effect on pyrene mass. The maximum influence on the formation of sweet cherry fruit mass of early varieties was provided by the indicator – the number of days with precipitation in May exceeding 1 mm, and for medium and late ripening varieties – the average monthly amount of precipitation in June. Decisive importance for the formation of pyrene mass in sweet cherry fruits of early ripening varieties was the average monthly amount of precipitation in May, in the middle ripening period – the average monthly amount of precipitation in June, in the late ripening period – the number of days with precipitation exceeding 1 mm in May.

The accumulation of vitamin C in sweet cherry fruits depends on the variety and environmental conditions. The aim of our research was to substantiate the rate of impact of weather factors as well as of varietal features on vitamin C accumulation in sweet cherry fruits. The varieties ʹKazkaʹ and ʹZabutaʹ, ʹKordiaʹ and ʹMirazhʹ were chosen as the best ones from among 33 varieties of early, medium and late term of ripening (7.31–10.67 mg 100 g-1) according to the average content of vitamin C in sweet cherry fruits. The studies found that the environmental conditions of the research years had the largest impact on the vitamin C content in the fruits of late and early ripening varieties, and in the fruits of medium ripening variety the vitamin C amount depended on the varietal features. The practicability of forecasting of vitamin C content in sweet cherry fruits on the average indices for a group of early and late maturity varieties, but not separately for every pomological variety, has been proven. For the medium ripening variety this index can be forecasted within each pomological variety. The models of dependence of vitamins C accumulation on the impact of meteorological parameters were evaluated on the basis of the principle components analysis and the least square method.

Abstract This paper proposes a method to determine the optimal parameters for the drying of soybean using a kinematic vibration dryer. Among the main parameters of the investigated vibroconveyor are heat and mass transfer, physical and mechanical. The paper presents a mathematical model of the dependence of parameters of the soybean drying process of soybean built based on experimental data obtained by organizing an effective experiment plan with a sufficiently large number of factor levels. To determine the rational parameters for drying soybean, it is important to build the most accurate and adequate mathematical model, which will determine the most accurate values of the required parameters. For this purpose, it is recommended to conduct an experiment with as many levels of factors as possible. The article proposes an experiment established on a dedicated balanced orthogonal plan, which is optimal according to the D-efficiency criterion. Based on the experimental data, an adequate mathematical model of the dependence of the drying characteristics of soybean (moisture of the processed material (%), temperature inside the product layer (°С) on the parameters – vibration amplitude (mm), distance from the conveyor surface (mm), radiation power (Wt), weight (g·min−1). Following the analysis of the constructed mathematical model, optimal parameters of the developed vibroconveyor infrared dryer were substantiated. The main characteristics of the vibroconveryor mechanism of interoperational transportation of bulk products in the working area were also determined, and a technical and economic analysis of the developed oscillatory system was conducted.

Saabunud / Received 13.08.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 16.10.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 16.10.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Tetiana Tymoshchuk tat-niktim@ukr.net

Received: August 11th, 2020 ; Accepted: December 28th, 2020 ; Published: January 15th, 2021 ; Correspondence: irynaivanova2017@gmail.com

High tasting assessment of the fruit of sweet cherry is due to the favorable soluble solids content (SSC). The weather parameters and varietal features during the formation of fruit have the dominant influence on the accumulation of soluble solids. This issue has gained new relevance in the context of global climate change. The research aimed to develop a dependence of the accumulation of soluble solids of the various sorts of sweet cherries on the weather conditions of the South Steppe zone of Ukraine. Statistical analysis of the values of soluble solids in sweet cherry fruit was performed according to the average indicators of three groups of cultivars. To achieve this goal, the laboratory, factor, correlation, and regression analyses were carried out. The mathematical model was built with the application of factor and regression analysis methods, with the principal component analysis being used. The factor and regression analysis methods became the basis for the linear regression model of dependence of SSC fund accumulation on the influence of climatic parameters for the cultivar types of the three ripening terms. Based on the constructed regression models, we analyzed the degree of influence of the weather parameters on the SSC indicator by calculating the coefficients of Δi relative influence. The largest influence was set for the group of temperature and humidity parameters with the maximum share of Δi ≥9.50%. It was mathematically substantiated that the weather parameters of the last month of fruit formation had the greatest influence on the accumulation of SSC in the sweet cherry fruit, regardless of the period of ripening. For early and medium ripening sweet cherries, those were the weather parameters for May, and for those of late-term of ripening June parameters were of the maximum value.

Agricultural advisory systems are widely used now for fast dissemination of agricultural knowledge and information, introduction of modern scientific research and technologies in production, mobility and constant advanced training of agricultural specialists. Their implementation becomes an important factor in competitiveness of rural economy. We consider advisory systems used by various countries and regions, their specifics and aims, and knowledge bases that can be used as bedrock for agro-advisory applications – the European Multilingual Classifier of Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations ESCO ontology, ontologies of learning resources (on example of MOOCs), user profile ontologies. Analyses of the intelligent Web-oriented informational technologies shows an expedience of advisory development based on the Semantic Web standards of knowledge representation and processing. An important factor of advisory efficiency deals with semantic documentation and validation of non-formal and informal learning outcomes typical for agriculture. We propose semantic advisory system AdvisOnt based on ontological representation of knowledge about competencies, vacancies, training courses, user profiles, employers and companies. AdvisOnt services match available vacancies and applicant profiles to recommend employment or further learning of wanting competences by analysis of their formal, non-formal and informal learning outcomes.

Sweet cherry is one of the leading places among the fruit crops grown in Ukraine. This culture opens the fruit season for the consumption of fresh and high-vitamin fruit products. Zaporizhzhia region is considered one of the main regions of stable production of high quality sweet cherries, which are in unlimited demand in the domestic and global consumer market of fruit products. The article presents the influence share of weather factors and varieties features on the formation of dry soluble substances stock of sweet cherry fruits during 2008–2019 years. The fruits of 33 varieties samples were grown under of horticultural farms of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Three sweet cherry fruits ripening periods were selected for the research: the 1-st group – the early ripening periods varietie; the 2-nd group – the medium ripening period varieties; the 3rd group – the late ripening period varieties. The results of twelve-year studies indicate that the average dry soluble substances content in sweet cherry fruits grown in the region analyzed and it was 16.7 %. Among the group of the early ripening period varieties, the maximum average dry soluble substances content content of 16.8 % was found in Rubinova rannia variety fruits. Among the medium ripening period varieties, the maximum average dry soluble substances content content of 18.5–18.6 % was recorded in the fruits of the Talisman and Dachnytsia varieties, and the late ones – the fruits of the Udivitelna variety. The dominant influence of weather factors on the accumulation of the dry soluble substances content stock was confirmed by the results of the variance analysis. It was found that for all groups of varieties, irrespective of the ripening period, the weather conditions of the research years (factor A) had a dominant influence on the formation of the DSS stock with an influence share for the varieties of the early ripening period group – 74.5 %, of the medium ripening period group – 61.9 % and the late ripening period groups – 69.4 %. The impact of varieties features (factor B) was less significant. The two-factor variance analysis has determined the expediency of predicting the dry soluble substances content of sweet cherry fruits by the average values of a particular varieties group, and not separately for each pomological variety.

When constructing regression models describing the storage processes of agricultural products, researchers often ignore the effect of multicollinearity factors (the multicollinearity factor effect). In this case, the interpretations of the estimates of the regression model parameters are not adequate. It is suggested to perform multicollinearity diagnostics as one of the steps of the regression analysis. In the case of correlation of factors, it is proposed to construct a regression model by regularizing the LASSO parameters. In this paper a regression model is built, that describes the effect on the quality indicators of wheat grain (gluten) of storage parameters in the granary during cooling ("Average grain temperature in the granary, degrees C", "Humidity of the grain, %", "Air temperature in the granary, degrees C", "Refrigerant temperature, degrees C" and "Volume air flow, m(3).h(-1)"). The parameters of the constructed model are analyzed. The conditions for the long-term storage of cereals are the synthesis of active ventilation by the convective stream of the coolant, turning of loose mass. The developed diagrams of granaries give an opportunity to realize the complex technological processing of products at the expense of efficient distribution of the cooled air flow passing through the raw materials, regulating its gas composition in intergranular spaces, humidity, temperature and intensity of physiological and microbiological processes in these layers.

Таврійський державний агротехнологічний університет імені Дмитра Моторного Мелітопольська дослідна станція садівництва імені М. Ф. Сидоренка У ході досліджень в результаті комплексного використання методів математичної статистики були проаналізовані 20 парних кореляційних залежностей на етапах: вегетаційний період, цвітіння, дозрівання плодів і в період знімання врожаю.Визначено вплив десяти погодних факторів на показники урожайності вишні за період 2007-2019 роки

The modern educational process is becoming increasingly innovative. The most important means of educational activity are computer technology learning. The development and introduction of them into the educational process is a qualitative characteristic of the computerization of education and lay the foundations for its further informatization. The article deals with the structure and content of the initial computer simulation software or the study of the "Transport task" topic, which is intended for the development of knowledge, skills and abilities of students of computer specialties in the process of studying the "Investigation of operations" discipline. The training simulation software provides multiple passage of the material at each separate stage until the correct solution is obtained. To organize the interactive learning process, the "Drag-and-drop" method is used, which, on the one hand, allows us to use more observatory visual diagrams of the problem solving algorithm, and on the other hand, concentrates the attention of students on the main stages of the algorithm and not on the implementation of bulky mathematical calculations. The simulator is designed as a local Windows application that does not require special computer resources and can be easily installed on a personal computer in an auditorium or at home. The simulator can function in two modes – practice and supervision. The simulator can be used during classes and in the process of independent work. The training simulator differs from other types of training devices by the obligatory availability of a script for verifying the actions that the student must perform in order to accomplish the task. In the process of executing actions and commands in the simulator, the verification of expected actions in the script is performed, after the result is displayed to the user. After that, in case of wrong actions, the user is given the opportunity to correct the errors. Only after correcting them, the user can go to the next stage of solving the problem. The user receives feedback and can find out about their mistakes and ability to correct them.

In the conditions of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine the influence of weather factors of the region on the formation of cherry yield within the limits of 2007–2019 years of researches is revealed. The correlation analysis allowed us to identify ten weather factors that have a notable (significant) and strong, both direct and inverse linear correlation with cherry yield (r = 0.68… -0.86). The model describing the influence of hydrothermal factors on cherry yield is proposed. Multicollinearity effects were detected when analyzing data using paired correlation coefficients and VIF. In this case, using the least squares method to construct and analyze the regression model is inefficient. A regression model based on the LASSO method is proposed. The LASSO method allows reliable estimation of regression parameters. On the basis of the constructed model the factors influencing the cherry yield index are analyzed and it is shown that the most significant factor is the average monthly rainfall for August, mm, then the factor is the absolute minimum relative humidity in May, %, the amount of rainfall during the flowering period, mm, the amount of the effective flowering temperatures, °C, the difference between average maximum and minimum flowering temperatures, °C, the total number of days with precipitation during flowering period, day, the average of maximum air temperatures during flowering period, the amount of active temperatures during flowering period, °C, the amount of active temperatures during the growing season (before the fruit ripening phase), °C, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) during flowering period. The indices of the share of influence of each factor on the total variance of the cherry yield index are determined. The share of influence of the factor is x1 – 9.90%, factor x2 – 5.56%, factor х3 – 1.95%, factor x4 – 8.22%, factor x5 – 14.83%, factor x6 – -10.12%, factor x7 – 12.12%, factor x8 – -3.81%, factor x9 – 27.96%, factor x10 – 5.54%.