The processing of ash/slag wastes were studied, while a complete analysis of the bottom ash of the Luchegorsk thermal power plant in the Primorsky Territory was carried out, and a study was performed on the separation of rare earth elements by various methods. The ash was previously cleaned from unburned coal (underburnt) and iron oxides, the resulting product was processed with various methods. Isolation and separation of products was carried out in several stages. The acidity of the medium was determined, which corresponds to the quantitative precipitation of iron and aluminum matrix ions depending on the initial concentrations of the solutions. Silicon oxide of 97% purity with a high specific surface area was obtained, as well as a solid product with a content of rare earth elements more than 100 times higher than in the original ash samples. The content of rare earth elements in the final product is 74.5% of the content of these elements in the original material, and the product is also enriched with other trace elements such as zirconium, hafnium, and tungsten. When the ash is processed, solid waste remains, which can be further utilized to fabricate ceramic materials and membranes with high technical performance.

The interaction of iron tris(acetylacetonate) with polyphenylsiloxane (PPS) under conditions of mechanochemical activation followed by boiling in toluene with a PPS/Fe(CH3COCH2COCH3)3 ratio of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1. The polymers were isolated by reprecipitation from a toluene solution with hexane. The composition and properties of polyferrophenylsiloxane (PFPS) were studied using elemental analysis, gel chromatography, X-ray phase analysis, positron annihilation spectroscopy, Mössbauer, and IR spectroscopy. It is shown that the molecular weight of the obtained polymers is 6500–7000 u. The fragmentary structure of oligoferrophenylsiloxane with a Si/Fe–3/1 ratio was studied using acid cleavage with ferrocyanade acid. Oligophenylsiloxanes soluble in toluene with different molecular weights (4500 g/mol, 1700–1600 g/mol, 600 g/mol) were isolated. In this case, the bulk corresponded to the oligomer 4300–4500 g/mol, in order to obtain a Si/Fe ratio of three, a block structure was proposed, consisting of siloxane and chelate blocks. Thus, the process of splitting the siloxane bond is accompanied by the reaction of copolymerization of polyphenylsiloxane and chelate cycles of iron acetylacetonate. The data of Mössbauer spectroscopy indicate the presence of oxygen atoms associated with silicon and iron, oxygen atoms of the acetylacetonate ligand in the environment of the iron atom.

The reaction of sodium ricinoleate with thiophosphoryl trichloride under various conditions was studied. At a high concentration of sodium ricinoleate, thiophosphoryl trichloride reacts primarily with the alcohol OH group, and the isolated compound contains a sodium acyl group, which was confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis data. When the salt solution is diluted 5 times, the reaction proceeds by the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution both on the carboxylate and on the alcohol group. According to gel chromatography data, the molecular weight of the reaction product is close to trisubstituted thiophosphate, the composition and structure of which are confirmed by elemental analysis and IR, 1Н, 13С, 31Р NMR spectroscopy and diffractometry data. During chromatography on silica gel, it decomposes, as during hydrolysis in a slightly acidic medium.

The interaction of thiotrichlorophosphate with the sodium salt of ricinoleic acid in alcohol-benzene mixtures has been studied. Tris(ricinoleate) thiophosphate has been isolated with high yield (80%). Its composition has been determined. The structure of the product was characterized by the following methods: 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy, gel chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. Based on 31P NMR, it has been shown that the phosphorus surrounding is in the form of trigonal pyramid with the sulfur atom in an axial position. Based on the IR spectroscopy data, the substitution reaction proceeded on the oxygen atom of an acyl group.

Interaction of vinyl trichlorosilane with sodium salt of ricinoleic acid is investigated. It is established that the composition and structure of silicon-containing ethers depends on the content of crystallization water in sodium ricinoleate, and the concentration and nature of solvent. Thus, in the case of a mixture of absolute alcohol with ether and low content of crystallization water, the reaction proceeds by hydroxyl of alcohol to form salt-like compounds containing silicon. In the case of a salt with a high content of crystallization water, the reaction proceeds along two reaction centers with the formation of ether and ester simultaneously. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds were established using elemental analysis, IR, 1 H, 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and gel chromatography. It is proposed to use prepared organosilicon ethers of ricinoleic acid as additives to motor oils instead of castor oil.

Magnetic sorbents show promise in technologies for they can be removed with a magnet after sewage waters are decontaminated. Sol–gel strategy was implemented to manufacture new cost-efficient composite sorbents based on cobalt ferrite, vermiculite, and alkaline rice husks hydrolyzate. An alkaline solution of the rice husks hydrolyzate was added with a suspension of Co[Fe 2 O 4 ] nanoparticles, and then neutralized with vermiculite suspension in 12% hydrochloric acid. The thus-manufactured magnetic sorbents were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR and positron annihilation spectroscopy. Their physical and chemical characteristics were determined by low-temperature nitrogen physisorption as well as by adsorption of Methylene Blue dye in solution. The morphology of composites was identified by means of scanning electron microscopy. The bulk and surface elemental compositions of samples were found by energy dispersive fluorescent analysis. The magnetic saturation and coercivity of the samples were measured in the range of 0 to 2500 Oe fields. Sorbent particles were easily separated from solutions with a magnet. The sorbents showed high adsorption capacity with respect to Methylene Blue dye. The effect of the sodium phenyl siliconate template on the magnetic properties of the composites was elucidated.